No description available.

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Exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage have been investigated for almost a century, and yet it appears that there is little that can be done to avoid these consequences of over-exertion, except train on a regular basis. It is likely that freeradicals are involved at a number of stages in the muscle damage process, and therefore the provision of appropriate antioxidants may theoretically offer some protection. One such antioxidant is vitamin C, although the literature available in support of this notion is scarce. The aim of these studies, therefore, was to assess whether different nutritional interventions using vitamin C would offer any benefit to exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness. In the past, investigators have often used exercise protocols designed to maximise the extent of injury. The studies reported in this thesis, however, used an exercise protocol (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test: LIST) based on the multiple-sprint sports (e.g. football). Participation in such sports is very high, although frequently on an irregular basis, and therefore exercise of this nature may have the capacity to cause muscle damage and soreness. The LIST provided a suitable exercise model, and in different studies led to increases in soreness, markers of muscle damage, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. It also led to poorer muscle function up to 72 h after exercise in some muscle groups. Short-term supplementation with vitamin C 2 hours before exercise successfully increased plasma and cellular concentrations, although failed to have any beneficial outcomes in terms of muscle damage or soreness. Supplementation in the hours and days (up to three days) after exercise also produced no beneficial effects, and it may be that supplementation occurred at an inappropriate time. Prolonged supplementation with vitamin C proved more promising (14 days), and was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, there were modest benefits to certain' aspects of muscle soreness and function, although these were not always statistically significant. However, tliere was no effect on circulating markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase and myoglobin). These findings suggest that the regular ingestion of vitamin C may be associated with some favourable changes following damaging exercise. However, the consumption of large amounts of vitamin C immediately before or after exercise offer no appreciable benefits, despite large changes in plasma concentrations of this vitamin.

[Typescript] Includes bibliography. Decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides and peracetates -- Photolysis of N-chloro-amides: a. Reactions of primary amido radicals; b. Reactions of N-alkylacetamido radicals -- Reactions of lead tetra-acetate with primary amides: a. Scope; b. Mechanism -- Decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxides and peracetates -- Photolysis of N-chloro-amides -- Reactions of lead tetra-acetate with primary amides.

Thesis (M.S.)--Middle East Technical University, 2003. / Keywords: Ethyl methacrylate, atom transfer radical polymerization, gamma irradiation, free radical polymerization, viscosity.

No description available.

[Typescript] / Includes bibliography. / 178 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Organic Chemistry, 1966

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Organic Chemistry, 1966. / [Typescript]. Includes bibliography.

The work described in this thesis is an investigation into the reactivity and possible synthetic applications of aziridinylcarbinyl radicals. These radicals rapidly rearrange via β cleavage, which can proceed by breakage of either the CoN or C-C bond. Cleavage of the latter has been found when the molecule has a phenyl stabilising group attached to the aziridine ring. Chapter I is a review of the known radical reactions involving aziridines whilst chapter 2 discusses the various methods of aziridine syntheses. Chapter 3 outlines the project aims with reference to the potential of directed cleavage of aziridinylcarbinyl radicals in synthesis. Chapter 4, the main body of the work, describes the synthetic routes to aziridines derived from 3-phenyl-2-cyclohexen-I-one and indenone. The radical mediated β-cleavage reactions of these is reported and the selectivity of C-C v. CoN bond homolysis has been investigated. Two successful approaches to the target aziridines were involved. I) Conversion of 3-azido-3-phenylcyclohexan-I,2-diol, derived from the epoxide of 3- phenyl-2-cyc1ohexen-I-ol, to the aziridine via reaction with triphenylphosphine. Subsequent methylation and formation of the thiocarbonylimidazolide gave the radical precursor Nmethyl- 5-[imidazol-I-yl(thiocarbonyl)oxy]-I-phenyl-7-azabicylo[4.1.0]heptane. In the course of this work, several unusual cyclic thiocarbonates resulting from the reaction of 3-azido-3- phenylcyclohexan-I,2-diol and 2-azido-3-phenylcyclohexan-I,3-diol with I, I 'thiocarbonyl diimidazole were isolated. 2) Formation of N-(2-ethylquinazolinonyl)-I-phenyl-7-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-5-01 from the reaction of 3-amino-2-ethyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone with 3-phenyl-2-cyc1ohexen-I-ol in the presence of lead tetraacetate. These aziridines show interesting acid-catalysed rearrangements to diazadioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. Formation of the thiocarbonylimidazolide then gave the radical precursor. A number of other aziridines have been prepared using this methodology. It has been found that in all cases the precursors undergo CoN bond homolysis under radical conditions. These results are discussed and conclusions are drawn. Suitable future work is also suggested.

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy