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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Computational studies of gas-phase radical reactions with volatile organic compounds of relevance to combustion and atmospheric chemistry

Merle, John Kenneth, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 259 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-259). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
62

Papel do sistema antioxidante e influência do gênero na capacidade de desenvolvimento de embriões iniciais em diferentes modelos de diabete experimental

Bueno, Aline. January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Débora Cristina Damasceno / Resumo: Early embryos recovered from diabetic rats show increased number of blastomeres undergoing apoptosis and decreased total number of blastomeres, suggesting impaired litter size and newborn weight. This might increase the chances of metabolic disorders in adulthood of these animals. Since diabetes-induced hyperglycemia impairs the redox balance, the aim was to evaluate the embryonic oxidative stress status before the implantation in order to identify whether there are differences in levels of oxidative stress in early embryos from diabetic dams. Thus, we hypothesized the decreased cell number found in early embryos recovered from diabetic rats is due to the low embryonic ability to maintain their own redox balance. Our study shows that rats with streptozotocin-induced mild and severe diabetes present impaired redox status in early pregnancy. This maternal unbalance directly influences the embryonic redox status, reflecting the increased reactive oxygen species in the morula stage. We also showed that regardless of hyperglycemic level the embryos trigger defense mechanisms involved in the excessive free radical scavenging as an attempt to survive. Nevertheless, the success of this defense mechanism seems to depend on maternal hyperglycemia, highlighting the importance of the programmed pregnancy as well as appropriate medical care starting in early stages of human diabetic pregnancy. / Doutor
63

Estudos de danos em biomoléculas promovidos pelo ácido indol-3-acético / Studies of damage to biomolecules promoted by indole-3-acetic acid

Tedra Madeiral Mendonça 04 October 2002 (has links)
O ácido 3-indol acético (IAA), um conhecido hormônio de planta, e seu metabólito indol-3-carboxialdeído (ICA) têm sido envolvidos em várias patologias humanas como fenilcetonúria e doenças renais. A formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e de estados eletronicamente excitados, como o oxigênio singlete (1O2) e a carbonila triplete (R2-C=O*), durante a oxidação aeróbica do IAA catalisada por peroxidase de raiz forte (HRP) têm sido relacionada com efeitos citotóxicos do IAA. Nossos resultados indicam aumento na formação de 8-oxo-7,8-dihidro-2\'desoxiguanosina (8-oxodGuo) após o tratamento da base com o sistema IAA/HRP/O2 in vitro, medido por um detector eletroquímico acoplado a um sistema de cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC-EC). O tratamento de células de mamíferos (CV1-P e neutrófilos) com este sistema induziu o aumento na formação de 8-oxodGuo no DNA, assim como o aumento no nível de lipoperoxidação das células CV1-P quando comparadas ao controle. Detectamos a presença do adulo 1,N2-etenodesoxiguanosina em DNA de neutrófilos submetidos ao IAA. Portanto, neste estudo, apresentamos evidências de danos em biomoléculas promovidos pelo sistema IAA/HRP/O2. / Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a2 plant hormone, and its metabolite indole-3-carboxialdehyde (ICA) has been involved in several human pathologies as phenylketonuria and renal diseases. Formation of reactive oxygen species and electronically excited states as singlet oxygen (1O2) and triplet carbonyl (R2-C=O*), during the aerobic oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been reported to be involved in the IAA cytotoxic effects. Our results show an increase in the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2\'deoxiguanosine (8-oxoxdGuo) after IAA/HRP/O2 system treatment in vitro as inferred from high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) measurements. Treatment of mammalian cells (CV1-P and neutrophils) with the system induces 8-oxoxdGuo formation in DNA as well increased levels of lipid peroxidation CV1-P cells when compared to controls. The 1,N2-etenodeoxyguanosine was detected in neutrophils DNA. Therefore, in this study, we presented evidence of biomolecule damage by IAA/HRP/O2 system.
64

Potencial antioxidante da microalga spirulina frente a condições de estresse oxidativo

Guarienti, Cíntia January 2009 (has links)
Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2009. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-27T19:37:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao cintia_defesa.pdf: 808863 bytes, checksum: d9ab57cfdbf88e2f2fc31318462a352c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-12-01T16:33:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao cintia_defesa.pdf: 808863 bytes, checksum: d9ab57cfdbf88e2f2fc31318462a352c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-01T16:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertao cintia_defesa.pdf: 808863 bytes, checksum: d9ab57cfdbf88e2f2fc31318462a352c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / As propriedades nutricionais da microalga Spirulina têm sido relacionadas com possíveis propriedades antioxidantes, caracterizando-a no âmbito dos alimentos funcionais. Os antioxidantes são compostos que atuam inibindo e/ou diminuindo efeitos desencadeados pelo estresse oxidativo, conservando a harmonia entre a produção fisiológica de radicais livres e sua detoxificação. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial antioxidante da microalga Spirulina e seu principal pigmento, a ficocianina, em situações de estresse oxidativo induzido. Foram realizados estudos com células da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, submetidas a estresse oxidativo pela adição de 1,1´-dimetil-4,4´-bipiridilo (paraquat) nas concentrações 0, 10 e 15 mM, avaliando o potencial antioxidante da Spirulina através da sobrevivência celular (plaqueamento) e da lipoperoxidação (índice de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, TBA). Também foi avaliado o efeito protetor da Spirulina e/ou da ficocianina em córtex cerebral de ratos submetidos a estresse oxidativo por administração de glutamato monossódico ou por situação de pânico. No córtex dos animais foram avaliados os índices de TBA e a atividade específica das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT). O uso do herbicida paraquat nas concentrações 10 mM e 15mM, diminuiu a sobrevivência celular da levedura em relação ao controle (39,4 % e 17,1%, respectivamente) e aumentou significativamente a lipoperoxidação (p≤0,05). O agente estressor glutamato monossódico provocou aumento significativo (p≤0,05) da lipoperoxidação e diminuição significativa (p≤0,05) das atividades específicas das enzimas SOD e CAT no córtex cerebral dos ratos. O estresse por situação de pânico também provocou alterações significativas (p≤0,05) no córtex dos ratos, aumentando a peroxidação lipídica e a atividade da enzima SOD e diminuindo a atividade da enzima CAT. O uso da Spirulina, bem como da ficocianina, atenuaram os efeitos deletérios decorrentes do estresse oxidativo induzido em células de leveduras e em córtex de ratos, mantendo os parâmetros dos grupos tratados com estressor e antioxidante estatisticamente iguais aos do grupo controle. Estes resultados contribuem com a caracterização da microalga no âmbito dos alimentos funcionais antioxidantes. / The nutritional properties of the microalgae Spirulina have been related with possible therapeutical properties, characterizing it in the scope of functional and nutraceutical foods mainly had its antioxidant potential. The antioxidant substances are composites that act inhibiting and/or decreasing the effect unchained of oxidative stress, conserving the balance between physiological production of free radicals and its detoxification. It was objectified to evaluatethe antioxidant potential of the microalgae Spirulina and its main pigment, the phycocyanin, in situation of oxidative stress induced. studies whit cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast had been carried, submitted oxidative stress for the addition of 1,1´-dimetil-4,4´-bipiridilo (paraquat) in concentrations 0, 10 and 15 mM, evaluating the antioxidant potential of the Spirulina throught the cellular survival and reactives substances index to the tiobarbituric acid (TBA). Also was evaluated the protective effect of the Spirulina and phycocyanin, in cerebral cortex of rats submitted to oxidative stress induced for glutamate monosodic administration or panic situation. In the cortex of animals the TBA index, and activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) had been evaluated. The use of paraquat in concentrations 10 mM and 15mM, decreased yeast cellular survival in relation to the control (39.4% and 17.1%, respectively) and increased the lipoperoxidation significantly (p≤0,05). The estressor agent glutamate monossodic provoked significant increase (p≤0,05) in lipoperoxidation and significant reduction (p≤0,05) of enzymes SOD and CAT in the cerebral cortex of the rats. The oxidative stress for panic situation also provoked significant alterations (p≤0,05) in the cortex of the rats, increasing the lipidic peroxidation and the activity of enzyme SOD and diminishing the activity of enzyme CAT. The use of the Spirulina, as well as phycocyanin, had attenuated the decurrent deleterious effect of oxidative stress induced in cells of yeast and in cortex of rats, keeping the parameters of the groups dealt with statistical equal stressor and antioxidant substance to the ones of the group has controlled. These results contribute with the characterization of the microalgae in the scope of antioxidant functional foods.
65

Avaliação da gastroproteção do óleo essencial do Protium heptaphyllum March (Burceraceae) bem como os possíveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos em modelos de úlcera gástrica em ratos : Evaluation of gastroprotection essential oil Protium heptaphyllum March (Burceraceae) and the possible mechanisms involved on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats / Evaluation of gastroprotection essential oil Protium heptaphyllum March (Burceraceae) and the possible mechanisms involved on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats

Araujo, Deborah de Arantes e Oliveira Valim, 1972- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito, Anderson Luiz Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T05:05:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_DeborahdeAranteseOliveiraValim_M.pdf: 3249893 bytes, checksum: e34705fa3411146e5fa5af997f4991ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae), conhecido como almécega ou breu branco, é uma planta medicinal abundante na região Amazônica. Seu exudato resinoso in natura é um conceituado remédio popular com ação anti-inflamatória, antiulcerogênica, analgésica e cicatrizante. O gênero Protium compreende cerca de 135 espécies, estima-se que a maioria das espécies da família Burseraceae pertençam a este gênero, tendo como principal característica sua capacidade em exsudar resinas aromáticas voláteis, usadas como curativo de feridas, tratamento de dor de dente, antisséptico, analgésico e distúrbios gastrointestinais. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi avaliar o potencial gastroprotetor do óleo essencial comercial do Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae) (BB), bem como os possíveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos, através de modelos de úlcera gástrica em ratos Unib:WH. A análise de cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (CG-EM) do BB indicou a presença de três monoterpenos majoritários: ?-pineno (40%), p-mentha-1.4(8)-dieno (12%) e ?-phellandreno (10%). Foram realizados diferentes modelos experimentais de úlcera gástrica que, com base em suas respectivas especificações, foram incluídos dois grupos controles, sendo um positivo (Lansoprazol 30 mg/kg, Carbenoxolona 200 mg/kg ou Cimetidina 100 mg/kg) e um negativo (Veículo - Tween 80® 12%, 10 mL/Kg). Após cada experimento, foi realizada eutanásia por deslocamento cervical, os estômagos removidos, abertos na região da maior curvatura e fotografados para quantificação da área de lesão ulcerativa (ALU) por meio do programa AVSoft®. O BB, na dose de 100 mg/Kg (dose mais efetiva), apresentou atividade antiulcerogênica contra lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol absoluto (96%) e por Drogas ant-inflamatórias não esteroidais (DAINEs) (97%). Para avaliar os mecanismos de ação envolvidos a atividade antissecretória, muco, prostaglandina, atividade antioxidante e envolvimento dos Grupamentos Sulfidrila (G-SH), foram analisados. Além disto, o modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por ácido acético e análise por Western blotting da expressão de COX-2 e EGF foram utilizadas para avaliar a capacidade cicatrizante do BB. Foi verificado que este óleo essencial não interfere na secreção ácida na mucosa gástrica; porém, sua gastroproteção depende de compostos com G-SH. A atividade gastroprotetora do BB não ocorre devido ao aumento na produção de muco induzido pelos níveis gástricos de PGE2. Como o BB não atuou nos mecanismos citoprotetor e antissecretório, objetivou-se verificar o envolvimento do mecanismo antioxidante na atividade gastroprotetora. Existem evidências de que espécies reativas de oxigênio participem na etiologia da úlcera gástrica e muitos óleos essenciais foram recentemente qualificados como antioxidantes naturais. A capacidade do BB de reduzir ou prevenir estresse oxidativo foi avaliada in vivo, a partir de modelos de úlcera induzida por etanol absoluto. O BB apresentou atividade antioxidante modulando enzimas antioxidantes como Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), Glutationa Peroxidase (GSH-Px) e Glutationa Redutase (GSH-Rd), desta forma, diminuindo a peroxidação lipídica (LPO) e atividade da Mieloperoxidase (MPO). BB demonstrou também potente capacidade de cicatrização, com 95% de redução da ALU, aumentando a expressão de COX-2 (55%) e EGF (100%) na mucosa gástrica. Em adição, nenhum sinal de toxicidade foi observado durante os 14 dias de tratamento, considerando os parâmetros analisados. Portanto o BB é composto essencialmente por terpenos, não apresenta atividade antissecretora nem citoprotetora, apresenta atividade antioxidante e cicatrizante / Abstract: Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae), known as "Almécega" or "Breu Branco", a medicinal plant is abundant in the Amazon region, its resinous exudates in nature, is a renowned folk remedy with anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic and healing. Protium genus comprises about 135 species, it is estimated that most species of Burseraceae, belong to this genus, the main feature, its ability to exude volatile aromatic resins, used for various purposes such as dressing for wounds, pain tooth, antiseptic, analgesic, treatment of stomach, among others. Based on the popular indications of this plant for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances, the present work aimed on evaluating the gastroprotective potential of the commercial essential oil of Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae) (BB), as well as its possible mechanisms of action involved, through models of gastric ulcer in rats Unib: WH. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of BB indicated the presence of three majority monoterpenes as major compounds: ?-pinene (40%), p-mentha-1.4(8)-diene (12%) and, ?-phellandreno (10%). We performed different experimental models of gastric ulcer, based on your specifications included two control groups, a positive (Lansoprazole 30 mg/kg, Cimetidine 100 mg/kg or Carbenoxolone 200 mg/kg) and a negative (Vehicle - Tween 80, 12%, 10 mL/Kg). After each experiment, rats were killed by cervical dislocation, their stomachs removed and opened in the region of greater curvature and photographed for quantification of lesion area ulcerative through the AVSoft program. BB at a dose of 100 mg / kg (effective dose) showed antiulcer activity against gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol (96%) and nonsteroidal ant-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (97%). To evaluate the mechanisms involved in the BB aniulcerogenic activity, the antisecretory action, mucus, prostaglandins, antioxidant activity and involvement of sulfhydryl group (G-SH) were analyzed. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model and western blotting assay COX-2 and EGF were also used to evaluate the BB healing capacity. This essential oil does not interfere with acid secretion in the gastric mucosa, but their gastroproteção depends on G-SH compounds. The gastroprotective activity of the BB is not due to increased production of gastric mucus induced by PGE2 levels. As the BB did not act in cytoprotective mechanisms and antissecretório, aimed to verify the involvement of the antioxidant mechanism in gastroprotective activity. There is evidence that reactive oxygen species involved in the etiology of gastric ulcer and many essential oils have recently been classified as natural antioxidants. The role of the essential oil in reducing or preventing the oxidative stress was evaluated in vivo, from absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. The BB showed antioxidant activity by modulating antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity Myeloperoxidase (MPO). The BB has demonstraded potent healing capacity, with 95% reduction of the ulcerative lesion area due to increased expression of COX-2 (55%) and EGF (100%) in the gastric mucosa. In addition, no signs of toxicity were observed during the 14 days of treatment, considering the analyzed parameters. So BB is composed mainly of terpenes, shows no activity antissecretora or cytoprotective, exhibits antioxidant activity and healing / Mestrado / Farmacologia / Mestre em Farmacologia
66

Free radical reactions of riboflavin and related compounds

Chalmers, D. J. January 1965 (has links)
No description available.
67

Model systems for biological hydroxylation

Lindsay Smith, J. R. January 1964 (has links)
No description available.
68

Studies of free radicals by E.S.R

McMillan, Minnie January 1967 (has links)
No description available.
69

A study of some free radicals by electron spin resonance

Metcalfe, Anthony R. January 1968 (has links)
No description available.
70

C-Reactive Protein Impairs Coronary Arteriolar Dilation to Prostacyclin Synthase Activation: Role of Peroxynitrite

Hein, Travis W., Qamirani, Erion, Ren, Yi, Kuo, Lih 01 August 2009 (has links)
Endothelium-derived vasodilators, i.e., nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular disease, has been shown to inhibit NO-mediated vasodilation. The goal of this study was to determine whether CRP also affects endothelial arachidonic acid (AA)-prostanoid pathways for vasomotor regulation. Porcine coronary arterioles were isolated and pressurized for vasomotor study, as well as for molecular and biochemical analysis. AA elicited endothelium-dependent vasodilation and PGI2 release. PGI2 synthase (PGI2-S) inhibitor trans-2-phenyl cyclopropylamine blocked vasodilation to AA but not to serotonin (endothelium-dependent NO-mediated vasodilator). Intraluminal administration of a pathophysiological level of CRP (7 μg/mL, 60 min) attenuated vasodilations to serotonin and AA but not to nitroprusside, exogenous PGI2, or hydrogen peroxide (endothelium-dependent PGE2 activator). CRP also reduced basal NO production, caused tyrosine nitration of endothelial PGI2-S, and inhibited AA-stimulated PGI2 release from arterioles. Peroxynitrite scavenger urate failed to restore serotonin dilation, but preserved AA-stimulated PGI2 release/dilation and prevented PGI2-S nitration. NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME and superoxide scavenger TEMPOL also protected AA-induced vasodilation. Collectively, our results suggest that CRP stimulates superoxide production and the subsequent formation of peroxynitrite from basal released NO compromises PGI2 synthesis, and thus endothelium-dependent PGI2-mediated dilation, by inhibiting PGI2-S activity through tyrosine nitration. By impairing PGI2-S function, and thus PGI2 release, CRP could promote endothelial dysfunction and participate in the development of coronary artery disease.

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