El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis diacrónico y procesual del accionar de la Federación de Productores de Fruta de Río Negro y Neuquén, en el período 1956-1976. El estudio del accionar de las asociaciones agrarias forma parte del proceso de renovación de los estudios agrarios emprendidos a partir de la década de 1980 desde una óptica multidisciplinar. Este trabajo tiene entonces como propósito avanzar hacia la comprensión de los procesos de movilización sociales contemporáneos, protagonizados por sujetos colectivos asociados a la fruticultura, en este caso, los “chacareros” del Alto Valle del río Negro que hacia mediados del siglo XX conformaron la Federación de Productores de Fruta de Río Negro y Neuquén. El recorte temporal efectuado se llevó a cabo teniendo en cuenta el inicio del proceso de provincialización de los territorios nacionales, proceso que coincide con el cambio de modelo económico, con la implementación de las políticas desarrollistas a nivel nacional y con la formación de la asociación que agrupa a las cámaras de productores de fruta Río Negro y Neuquén (Federación de Productores de Fruta de Río Negro y Neuquén), en junio de 1956. Se seleccionó el año 1976 para finalizar este estudio ya que la dictadura iniciada a partir de allí implica un viraje en las políticas económicas hacia el modelo neoliberal. Durante estos veinte años tres organizaciones representaron los intereses de los productores de fruta en el Alto Valle del río Negro y se convirtieron en los principales interlocutores con el Estado provincial y nacional en un contexto signado por una impredecible alternancia entre gobiernos constitucionales y gobiernos de facto y por transformaciones en el agro regional que preanunciaban el auge del ciclo agroindustrial. El accionar de estas asociaciones - gremial, en el caso de la Federación de Productores de Fruta de Río Negro y Neuquén y del Movimiento Regional de Productores de Río Negro y Neuquén y no gremial, en el caso de CORPOFRUT- contribuyó a plasmar una configuración espacial que superó los límites político-administrativos provinciales, construidos sin tener en cuenta la compleja dinámica regional propia de Patagonia norte previa a proceso de provincialización. La formación de estas tres entidades durante una compleja etapa de transición, constituyó parte de las estrategias de sostenimiento de demandas e intereses de los productores de fruta del Alto Valle del río Negro que, lejos de llegar a conformar un bloque homogéneo, una clase social, en el mismo proceso de lucha y de reivindicación de sus intereses comenzaron a presentar principios de diferenciación que conspiraron contra un accionar unificado y sostenido en el tiempo. En el caso de la región a la que se refiere este trabajo, el Alto Valle del río Negro, los tres procesos de producción del espacio que se articularon en el marco de la lógica capitalista: la producción -mercantil-, la dominación -estatal- y la apropiación -social- del espacio, contribuyeron a configurar la región objeto de estudio en este trabajo, al tiempo que permiten comprender por qué las formas de acción colectiva agremiada surgieron a partir del Alto Valle y específicamente en Cinco Saltos, Cipolletti, Allen y Villa Regina, para extenderse luego al resto de la región. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se recurrió a préstamos conceptuales y de estrategias de investigación propias de otras ciencias sociales pero sin olvidar la esencia del método de la investigación histórica y su objetivo: brindar explicaciones globales de los procesos históricos estudiados contextualizando las problemáticas abordadas teniendo en cuenta sus dinámicas internas de cambio. En el caso de la temática a abordar en la presente investigación, la combinación de fuentes documentales escritas con los testimonios orales de sujetos involucrados intencionalmente seleccionados, apuntó a rescatar dos tipos de registros distintos pero contrastables y a la vez complementarios, a “escuchar” dos o más voces. Por ello, la triangulación teórica y metodológica a la que se recurrió desde el enfoque cualitativo, se basa en la premisa de que no existe un único medio para resolver una determinada problemática y que las estrategias de investigación deben adecuarse al problema estudiado, en este caso, el accionar colectivo de los sujetos colectivos asociados a la fruticultura en el Alto Valle del río Negro durante el período comprendido entre los años 1956 y 1976. / The objective of the present work consists on a diachronic and procesual analysis of the actions of the Fruit Producers Federation of Río Negro and Neuquén, between the years 1956 and 1976. The study of the agricultural assosiation´s work is a part of the renewal process of the agrarian studdies undertaken since the 1980´s from a multidisciplinary perspective. This paper then aims to advance on the understanding of the contemporary processes of social movilization, featuring collective subjects associated with fruit-growing, in this case, the "chacareros" of the Alto Valle del río Negro that towards mid20th century conformed the Fruit Producers Federation of Río Negro and Neuquén. The temporary cut made was carried out considering the start of the provicialization process of the national territories, process that coincides with the change of the economic model, with the implementation of the development policies at a national level and with the formation of the asociation that groups the fruit producers cameras of Río Negro and Neuquén (Fruit Producers Federation of Río Negro and Neuquén), on june of 1956. The year 1976 was selected to finish this study since the dictatorship started there implies a turn on the economic policies towards the neoliberal model. During this twenty years three organizations represented the interests of the fruit producers at the Alto Valle del río Negro and they turned into the main interlocutors with the provincial and national State in a context signed by an impredictable alternance between constitucional governments and facto governments and by changes in the regional agro that preanounced the rise of the agroindustrial cycle. The actions of this asociations - guild, in the case of the Fruit Producers Federation of Río Negro and Neuquén and the Regional Movement of Producers of Río Negro and Neuquén, and nonguild, in the case of CORPOFRUT- helped capture a spatial configuration that exeded the provincial political and administrative boundaries, constructed regardless the complex regional dynamics own by northern Patagonia before the provincialization process. The formation of this three entities during a complex transition, was a part of the strategies for support of demands and interests of the Alto Valle del río Negro fruit producers that, far from reaching form a homogeneous block, a social class, in the process of struggle and vindication of their interests began to present principles of differentiation that conspired against a unified action, sustained over time. In the case of the region this work is about, the Alto Valle del río Negro, the three production processes of space articulated within the framewok of capitalist logic: the production - mercantile-, the dominance -statal- and the appropiation -social- of the space, helped shape the region under study in this work, while allowing to understand why the unionized forms of collective action emerged from the Alto Valle and specifically in Cinco Saltos, Cipolletti, Allen and Villa Regina, then spread to the rest of the region. From a methodological point of view it was resorted to conceptual and research strategies loans from of other social sciences but without forgetting the historical research method and its aim: to offer global an explanation of the studied historical processes contextualizing the boarded issues considering their internal exchange dynamics. In the case of the issues to address in the present investigation, the combination of documentary written sources with oral testimonies of individuals involved intentionally selected, pointed to rescue two kinds of records that are different but contrastable and at the same time complementary, to "listen" to two or more voices. Thus, the theoretical and methodological triangulation which was used from a qualitative approach, is based on the premise that there is not one single way to solve a specific problem and that the research strategies must be adapted to the studied problem, in this case, the collective actions of collective subjets asociated whit fruit-growing in the Alto Valle del río Negro during the period of time between the years 1956 and 1976

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-04T16:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE ALBERTO DIAS DE MORAES VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 6286250 bytes, checksum: b977a3b2aa13fcc1a9b6d4dc29479131 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T16:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE ALBERTO DIAS DE MORAES VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 6286250 bytes, checksum: b977a3b2aa13fcc1a9b6d4dc29479131 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-24 / O objetivo desta tese é analisar as relações sociais de troca que se estabelecem entre os produtores frutícolas dos perímetros federais irrigados do polo Petrolina-Juazeiro, vale do rio São Francisco, e os agentes dos mercados de frutas frescas. Investigar o modo como essas relações, operadas a montante e a jusante da cadeia produtiva de frutas se apresentam, que contextos e estruturas sociais as influenciam e quais as mediações que requerem. O trabalho realizado permite entender como funcionam esses mercados, de alto grau de individualização e incertezas, característico do modo de produção capitalista. Para além das explicações da teoria econômica, o mercado é aqui entendido como um processo histórico de construção social. A abordagem teórico-metodológica inclui o tema dos sistemas agroalimentares globais e conceitos da economia das organizações, e tem como base contribuições da sociologia da agricultura e dos alimentos e da sociologia econômica; conceitos bourdieusianos de campo, habitus, capitais, poder, hierarquias e interesses, entre outros, são utilizados para compreender os contextos atuais, a ação das forças estruturantes dos mercados e as mediações requeridas nas relações sociais de troca comercial. A investigação empírica, por questão de economia de tempo e de recursos, se concentrou nos dois maiores e mais complexos perímetros federais do polo, o Nilo Coelho, em Petrolina (PE) e o Maniçoba, em Juazeiro (BA), cujos ocupantes foram selecionados e tomados como representativos do universo pesquisado. A metodologia, predominantemente qualitativa, integra diferentes técnicas de pesquisa, inclusive quantitativas, como a aplicação de análise de survey, que serviu para atualizar os dados relativos aos grupos de fruticultores que exploram os denominados lotes de colonos. As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram trabalhadas com o recurso da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos respondem às hipóteses da pesquisa, revelando um longo processo de construção social, globalizado e com alto grau de incerteza e riscos, a exigir a coordenação de múltiplos fatores. Como demonstrado neste estudo, as relações sociais de troca comercial estão submetidas a influências diversas, que as promovem ou as constrangem, vindas do próprio contexto e de estruturas sociais formadas ao longo de seu desenvolvimento histórico.. O estudo identificou, a partir dos relatos, valiosas oportunidades para a produção de frutas frescas, que estimulam o protagonismo de seus agentes – se bem que não acessíveis para todos -, dadas por características da natureza e da cultura, destacando-se a particularidade do clima; a existência de redes sociais eficientes no acesso aos mercados e ao conhecimento, arranjos institucionais ainda favoráveis à produção e uma disposição empresarial que parece dar sentido à vida. Isto nada obstante, foram relatadas ameaças conjunturais e estruturais à competitividade, vindas, por exemplo, da iminência de crises do abastecimento hídrico, de contingências climáticas e econômicas, dos custos crescentes e das estratégias comerciais de competidores internacionais. Para lidar com as incertezas desse contexto, os agricultores lançam mão, em suas interações de troca comercial, de relações pessoais baseadas em valores morais, em práticas que se revelam, para além dos preços, como fatores de coordenação desses mercados. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the social relationships of trading that are established among fruit producers of irrigated federal perimeters of the pole Petrolina-Juazeiro in the San Francisco Valley and the agents of fresh fruit markets. It is investigated how these relationships operated at the input and the processing subsystems of agribusiness of the productive chain of fruits are presented, what contexts and social structures influence them and what mediations are required. The work done allows the understanding of how these markets function, of the high degree of individualization and of uncertainty, distinctive of the capitalist means of production. Beyond the theoretical-economical explanations, the market, before mentioned, is here understood as a historical process of social construction. The theorethic-methodological approach includes the theme of global agrifood systems and concepts of economy of organizations and it has as a basis contributions of sociology of agriculture and food, and of economic sociology; Bourdieu‟s own concepts of field, habitus, power, hierarchies and dispute of interests, among others, are utilized to comprehend the nowaday contexts, the action of structuring forces on the markets and the mediations needed in the social relationships of commercial trading. This empirical investigation, due to economy of time and resources, was concentrated in the two biggest and most complex federal perimeters: Nilo Coelho in Petrolina, Pernambuco and Maniçoba in Juazeiro, Bahia whose inhabitants were selected and considered as representatives of the universe studied. The methodology, predominantly qualitative, is composed of different research techniques, including quantitative ones, such as application of analyses of survey that aided in describing the group of fruit growers that exploit the so-called lots of settlers with up-dated data from the agents. The semi-structured interviews used the analysis of content method. The results obtained answered to the hypothesis of the research revealing a long process of social construction that implicates, today, on a mercantile, intensive and globalized context with a high degree of uncertitudes and risks, demanding the coordination of multiple factors. As it is shown in this study, the social relations of commercial trading are submitted to diverse influences that promote or downplay them and are originated from the own context and social structures formed during their historical development.. The study identified, from reports, valuable opportunities to the production of fresh fruit that stimulate the protagonism of their agents – but not accessible to all of them - formed by distinction of nature and of culture, highlighting weather particularities, the existence of efficient social networks to access markets and knowledge, institutional procedures still favorable to production and an entrepreneurial mentality that seems to give life a meaning. Nevertheless it all, conjunct and structural threats to competiveness were related, coming from, for instance, the imminent possibility of collapse of water supply, of climate and economic contingencies, of growing costs and of commercial strategies of international competitors. To deal with the uncertainties of this context, the farmers use, in their commercial interactions, personal relations based on moral values in practices that relent the prices as coordinate factors of these markets.