This diploma thesis deals with the marked word order in Italian and its translation into Czech. The work is divided into two parts. In the opening of the first, theoretical one the author applies her mind to the development of the linguistic attitude to the word order. The author focuses on the description of the basic parameters of the Czech and Italian word order with respect to the marked structures. The second, analytical part works with the selected examples of the Italian marked word order and its translation into Czech. The comparative examples of word order in the analytical part are chosen from the spoken corpus, fictional text and the parallel corpus InterCorp. The aim of this thesis is firstly comparing the Italian marked word order to the Czech one and secondly mapping general principles of translations into Czech. Conclusions and recommendations are drawn for translation into Czech.

The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the Norwegian existential construction (presenteringskonstruksjonen) with regard to syntax, static semantics, dynamic semantics, and functional sentence perspective (FSP). The thesis first introduces the firbasian FSP theory in general, demonstrating the concepts on Norwegian examples. Then the theories most relevant for the study of the existential construction are summarized. The analysis is carried out on a sample of 1000 instances (500 taken from fiction and 500 excerpted from academic prose), and focuses mainly on the notional subject, the verb, and a possible adverbial. The syntactic analysis includes the position and the structure of the notional subject and adverbials. In addition, the lexical semantics of the head words and static semantics of adverbials were observed. The FSP analysis focused on the FSP functions of the individual clause elements and the FSP patterns the existential construction may realize. In addition, the dynamic semantic roles were studied in relation to the static semantic roles. The aim of the analyses is to find out in what circumstances the existential construction may realize the presentation scale or the quality scale, and what functions the construction may perform. The thesis observes the application of FSP on real...

This diploma thesis analyses instances of the initial position of the information focus, the rheme, in present-day English. Initial placement of the rheme is found in structures that go against the principle of end-focus. The aim of this work is to identify which clause constituents, and under what circumstances may function as the initial rheme. The initial section of the theoretical part deals with a description of word-order, and the basic concepts of functional sentence perspective, such as communicative dynamism. Then it continues with the rheme and the factors affecting FSP, and, particularly, with cases where initial rheme occurs. The practical part contains analysis of examples of initial rheme in different genres and text types, including oral communication. The frequency of occurrence is summarized at the end of the work.

The aim of the thesis "Syntactic Means of Rhematisation in Contemporary French in Comparison to Czech" is to describe syntactic means of rhematisation in French and denote its parallel in Czech language. First part of the thesis deals with the theoretical resources concerning Functional sentence perspective mainly in Czech-written literature by the most important authors (F. Daneš, J. Firbas, P. Sgall and others) and it also describes French conceptions by B. Combettes and M. Rothenberg concerning thematisation and rhematisation in French. The second part, which is practical, shows the concrete use of means described. The phrases are quoted from the literary texts contained in language corpus InterCorp.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Saparas.pdf: 680825 bytes, checksum: 7a65aba86161bc4131bd921e10505fbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-15 / This research examines the structure of the nominal group (NG) found within the Rheme in distinguished discourse genres, namely academic writing, movie review and opinion article. The NG has not been the object of many studies, and besides, it has been studied within isolated sentences and, in general, in sentences inauthentically constructed. However, there is no consensus, among researchers, neither on the function, nor on the order of its constituents. There are many factors that influence the constitution of the structure of the NG, among which the influence on the type of genre, according to Bathia´s and Whitaker´s researches in 1991 and 1995, respectively. I attempt, in this research, to: (a) examine authentic texts and not just isolated sentences, as it has been done, since the literature shows us that the structure of the NG involves textual concepts as those of Theme and Rheme, which, by extension, as we will see, are overlaid with informational issues of Given and New. I attempt, therefore, to relate the NG with the communicative dynamism to examine to what extent the constitution of the structure of the NG reflect off this dynamism. This way will lead us to consider the question of ensuring effective communication flow , through the notion of communicative dynamism, that increases, in most cases, from the Theme to the Rheme, according to Firbas (1974). Nevertheless, despite the fact that this research examines the Rheme, one has to take the Theme into account, seeing that; according to Halliday, quoted by Fries (2002), Rheme is all in the clause but the Theme . Here we run into a problem: it is known that the definition of Theme has aroused polemics. I must clarify that this research is conducted on the study of the NG within the Rheme, since this position is generally taken by the information newness, fact which marks it by a higher degree of communicative dynamism, and also because, although it occupies a crucial role in the discourse, little has been researched about it. This being the case, the objective of this research is to examine, in authentic texts, in three different discourse genres, the constitution of the NG in the Rheme, to find out how this structure is characterized in order to fulfill its function within the Rheme, in other words, the function of increasing the communicative dynamism. Thus, it is basically supported by the Systemic Functional Linguistics and by the Functional Sentence Perspective. Numerical data, in terms of clauses and adjuncts, will show the lexico-grammatical elements that constitute the NGs of the Rheme. Therefore, the data seem to indicate that the communicative dynamism makes use of attributes and the simple constitution of the greater part of the NGs in this process. A noteworthy fact is the widespread occurrence of definite articles in places that serve to convey new information, the Rheme. There are rare occurrences of noun clauses and adjectives in pre-head positions within the NG. The role of the circumstances is also important in this context, for it seems to contribute to explain the way the event occur, in space and time determined by it. There are occurrences of comparisons with the preposition como ( like ), to explain through comparisons the content that is hardest to learn / Este trabalho examina a estrutura do grupo nominal (GN) que ocorre no Rema em gêneros discursivos distintos, a saber: escrita acadêmica, crítica de cinema e artigo de opinião. O GN não tem sido alvo de muitos estudos, e além disso, tem sido estudado em sentenças isoladas e, em geral, em sentenças artificialmente construídas. Por outro lado, não há consenso entre os pesquisadores sobre a função, nem sobre a ordem de seus constituintes. Há muitos fatores que influem na constituição da estrutura do GN, dentre os quais a influência do tipo de gênero, conforme pesquisa de Bathia (1991) e Whittaker (1995). Tento nesta pesquisa: (a) examinar textos naturais e não apenas sentenças isoladas, como tem sido feito, já que a literatura nos mostra que a estrutura do GN envolve conceitos textuais como os de Tema e Rema, os quais, por extensão, como veremos, se sobrepõem a questões informacionais de Dado e Novo. Tento, portanto, relacionar o GN com a dinâmica da comunicação para verificar em que medida a constituição da estrutura do GN reflete dessa dinâmica. Esse caminho nos levará a considerar a questão de levar a comunicação para frente , através da noção de dinamismo comunicativo, que aumenta, na maioria dos casos, do Tema para o Rema, segundo Firbas (1974). Por outro lado, embora a pesquisa examine o Rema, não se pode deixar de considerar o Tema, já que, segundo Halliday, citado por Fries (2002), Rema é tudo na oração menos o Tema . Aqui enfrentamos um problema, pois a definição de Tema tem levantado muita polêmica, como se sabe. Devo esclarecer que esta pesquisa se concentra no exame do GN do Rema, já que esta posição é em geral ocupada pela novidade da informação, o que a reveste de maior grau de dinamismo comunicativo, e também porque, embora exerça esse papel primordial no discurso, pouco se tem pesquisado a seu respeito. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa é examinar, em textos naturais, em três diferentes gêneros discursivos, a constituição estrutural do GN do Rema, para verificar como se caracteriza essa estrutura para cumprir sua função no Rema, ou seja, de aumentar o dinamismo comunicativo. Para tanto, apóia-se, basicamente, na Lingüística Sistêmico-Funcional e na Perspectiva Funcional da Sentença. Dados numéricos, em termos de oração e adjuntos, mostrarão os elementos léxico-gramaticais que constituem os GNs do Rema. Portanto, os dados parecem indicar que o dinamismo comunicativo, vale-se de orações subordinadas e dos atributivos (oração adjetiva, adjunto adnominal e predicativo) nesse processo, bem como da constituição simples da maior parte dos GNs. Excetuando-se a escrita acadêmica, os dois outros gêneros (artigo de opinião e crítica de cinema) apresentam GNs constituídos de dêitico + núcleo + atributo, o que me surpreendeu dado que era de se esperar que a escrita nos gêneros examinados apresentasse GNs complexos. Fato notável é a ocorrência maciça de artigos definidos em ambiente que serve para veicular informação nova, o Rema. Há ocorrência mínima de orações substantivas, bem como de adjetivos em posição pré-núcleo do GN. O papel das circunstâncias é também importante nesse contexto, pois parece concorrer para explicar o modo como os eventos se realizam, num tempo e num espaço também determinados por elas. Há ocorrência de comparações, com a ocorrência da preposição como , para explicar através de comparações o conteúdo mais difícil de apreender

The aim of the present thesis is to analyze syntactic realisations of the Presentation Scale (presentation sentences) as they are defined in the framework of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP). Several aspects are examined: the semantic aspect is reflected in the observation of the semantic character of the presentation verb and in the semantic affinity it displays with its subject. From the syntactic viewpoint, the sentential architecture of presentation sentences is examined as well as the distribution of the syntactic realisations in text. The study also offers results as regards sentences implementing the Extended Presentation Scale, namely the syntactic realisation of the dynamic semantic function of Specification. The textual aspects concern the correlation between the type of presentation sentence, its location within a paragraph and its textual function. All the above-mentioned aspects are examined in sentences excerpted from texts of two different functional styles, viz. academic prose and fiction. The corpus on which the analysis is based comprises 1731 presentation sentences, 826 from texts of academic prose and 905 from texts of fiction. The theoretical part of the thesis aims both at presenting the FSP theory as it was developed by Jan Firbas and his followers and at a comprehensive...

This diploma thesis examines translation counterparts of the English verbs be and have and the Czech verbs být and mít. It focuses on instances with a divergent translation counterpart, i.e. instances in which be corresponds to mít and have corresponds to být in the English-Czech direction, and instances of být being reflected as have and mít as be in the Czech - English direction. The aim of the paper is to determine to what extent divergent verb counterparts are used in the translation, whether the target language has available alternatives with a verb counterpart identical with the original, and what are the motivating factors that influence the choice of a divergent verb counterpart. Another objective is to examine the changes in the syntactic and semantic structure connected with the use of a divergent verb counterpart, and to assess their impact on the functional sentence perspective. The research used material from the parallel Intercorp. A total of 164 examples with a divergent verb counterpart was excerpted and the research was divided into four parts, according to the source language and the verb. The use of divergent verb counterparts was explained mostly by a lexical gap in the target language, or by semantic and stylistic factors and to a smaller extent also by the influence of the...

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