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Catalytic Material Design: Impact of Synthesis Conditions on the Pore Architecture and Catalytic Performance of Micro-Mesoporous Silica Supported CatalystsKane, Ashwin 05 October 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES FROM ORIENTED MESOPOROUS SILICA THIN FILMSWooten, Mary K 01 January 2014 (has links)
The synthesis of mesoporous silica thin films using surfactant templating typically leads to an inaccessible pore orientation, making these films not suitable for membrane applications. Recent advances in thin film synthesis provide for the alignment of hexagonal pores in a direction orthogonal to the surface when templated on chemically neutral surfaces. In this work, orthogonal thin film silica membranes are synthesized on alumina supports using block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P123) as the template. The orthogonal pore structure is achieved by sandwiching membranes between two chemically neutral surfaces, resulting in 90 nm thick films. Solvent flux of ethanol through the membrane demonstrates pore accessibility and suggests a silica pore size of approximately 10 nm. The permeability of ions and fluorescently tagged solutes (ranging from 4,000 to 70,000 Da) is used to demonstrate the membrane’s size selectivity characteristics. A size cut off occurs at 69,000 Da for the model protein BSA. By functionalizing the silica surface with a long chained alkyl group using n-decyltriethoxysilane (D-TEOS), the transport properties of the membranes can be altered. Contact angle measurements and FTIR results show the surface to be very hydrophobic after functionalization. Solvent flux of ethanol through the silica thin film membrane is similar before and after functionalization, but water flux decreases. Thin film silica membranes show much promise for applications in catalysis, bio-sensing, and affinity separations.
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Functionalized Nano-structured Silicas for Trace Collection from Natural WatersNell, Kara 21 November 2016 (has links)
Throughout this body of work, three classes of sorbent materials were created and optimized, each designed to selectively capture organics or desired metals from natural water sources. These target species included toxic heavy metals, uranium, rare earths, and simple organics, such as benzene. Each class of sorbent materials is functionalized nanostructured silicas, created by the development of several functionalization methods: utilizing thiol-ene click chemistry, aromatic interactions, and the formation of inclusion complexes.
Thiol-ene click surface modification gave rise to sorbent materials with impressive affinities for both soft metals, such as gold, and harder metals, such as uranium and rare earth elements. Applications of these materials for aqueous mining of uranium and rare earth elements from various natural water sources are presented.
Two classes of materials based on supramolecular functionalization methods were prepared. In the first class, aromatic interactions allowed for surface functionalization with thiol containing aryl ligands. These materials proved to have an excellent affinity for heavy metals from natural waters, and hold promise for regenerable nanostructured silica sorbents. The second class of materials utilizes the ability of β-cyclodextins to form inclusion complexes with small molecule organics, such as benzene. The formation of inclusion complexes drove both surface functionalization and the capture of small molecule organics from aqueous solutions. This work serves to inspire the development of novel functionalized nanostructured sorbents for trace collection of toxic organics from aqueous streams. These supramolecular methods for surface medication can be expanded to nanomaterials at large.
This dissertation includes both previously published/unpublished and co-authored material. / 10000-01-01
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Immobilization of Ethylene Bis-Indenyl Ligands on Functionalized Silica GelSimerly, Thomas, Milligan, Tyson, Mohseni, Ray, Vasiliev, Aleksey 26 September 2012 (has links)
Four ethylene bis-indenyl ligands containing tethers of various lengths were successfully immobilized on the surface of functionalized silica gel. The strategy of immobilization was based on catalytic thiol-ene coupling of terminal alkene groups in the tethers with surface thiol groups. Obtained materials have high BET surface area and pore volume. The method developed can be used for immobilization of catalytically active bis-indenyl metallocene complexes, thus preventing their dimerization and deactivation.
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Novel Regenerable Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment from Wet Flue Gas ScrubbersSanghavi, Urvi January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions on Functionalized Colloidal Silica Particles Model Studies for Wastewater Treatment / Fonctionnalisation de silices colloïdales pour l’adsorption de cations métalliques Cu(II) and Ni(II) Elaboration de composites pour le traitement des eauxSinghon, Rattiya 08 April 2014 (has links)
Ce doctorat porte sur la fonctionnalisation de silices colloïdales en vue de la rétention de micropolluants métalliques dans des effluents. Les nanoparticules et microparticules ouvrent des potentialités d’application dans de nombreux secteurs industriels (chimie, environnement, pharmacie...). Ainsi, ces travaux de recherche portent sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de matériaux composites submicroniques : il s’agit de silices colloïdales sur lesquelles sont greffés des silanes ou supportés des polysaccharides. Une des applications de ces travaux de recherche porte sur l’adsorption de métaux de transition sur ces composites en solution aqueuse. Dans le cadre de ce doctorat, les caractéristiques des composites sont définies par leur morphologie de surface, par l’étude des groupements fonctionnels présents, par détermination de leurs surfaces spécifiques ainsi qu’en solution aqueuse par détermination de leurs diamètres hydrodynamiques et de leurs potentiels zéta. Dans un premier temps, la fonctionnalisation de la silice a permis le greffage de groupements carboxyliques et amines dont tes taux de greffage obtenus ont été respectivement de 0,47 µmol/m² et 3,86 µmol/m². En présence de groupements amines, le potentiel des composites est positif jusqu’ à pH 9 alors qu’il est négatif dès pH 3 pour des silices non fonctionnalisées. Dans un second temps, la silice est supportée par du chitosane dont le degré de désacétylation est de 77%. Conjointement, l’encapsulation de la silice est réalisées par du chitosane sur lequel des fonctions carboxyliques ont été greffées. La morphologie des particules est alors modifiée, leurs diamètres hydrodynamiques sont plus élevés et leurs potentiels sont positifs jusqu’ à pH basique. La rétention d’ions métalliques (Cu(II) et Ni(II)) par ces composites à différents pH est ensuite étudiée. Pour chacun des cations métalliques, les capacités d’adsorption sont déterminées ainsi que les cinétiques d’adsorption. L’application de plusieurs modèles d’isotherme d’équilibre a été réalisée. Dans le cas de Cu(II), à pH 5, les meilleures capacités d’adsorption sont obtenues pour des silices supportées par du chitosane greffé : la capacité de rétention des ions Cu(II) est de 270 mg/g à pH 5. De même, c’est ce composite qui permet la meilleurs rétention des ions Ni(II) à pH 7 avec une capacité d’adsorption de 263 m/g. Concernant la cinétique, le modèle de réaction de surface du pseudo-second ordre s’applique bien aux résultats expérimentaux. / This study is focused on the preparation of three types of silica-based composites for the capture of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions. The first strategy consists in coating chitosan on colloidal fumed silica after acidic treatment yielding the composite SiO2+CS. The second strategy can be separated into two routes: the first one involves surface grafting of silica with aminopropyltriethoxysilane to obtaining silica particles covered by amino groups (SiO2(NH2)). The second one involves in surface condensation of triethoxysilylbutyronitrile, followed by acidic hydrolysis of the surface-bound nitrile groups affording silica particles covered by carboxyl groups (SiO2(CO2H)). In the last step, chitosan has been grafted on the surface bound NH2 or -CO2H groups yielding the composites SiO2(NH2)+CS or SiO2(CO2H)+CS. The third strategy involves in the modified CS surface with -CO2H groups, followed by coating onto the non-modified silica nanoparticles to obtain the composite SiO2+CS(CO2H). The novel hybrid materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch experiments were conducted to study the sorption performance of these composites for Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution at optimum pH at 298 K. The kinetics were evaluated utilizing pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption kinetics followed the mechanism of the pseudo-second-order equation for all types of adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms were evaluated utilizing Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The best interpretation for equilibrium data was given by Langmuir isotherm model. This study demonstrates that the adsorption capacities for Cu(II) ion is more efficient for the SiO2+CS (256 mg g-1) compared to SiO2(NH2) (75 mg g-1). However, the carboxyl grafted CS-coated silica (SiO2+CS(CO2H) exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity (333 mg g-1). In case of Ni(II), based on Langmuir isotherm the maximum adsorption capacity found to be 182 mg g-1for SiO2+CS, and 210 mg g-1 for SiO2(CO2H) + CS. Using single-metal solutions, these adsorbents were found to have an affinity for metal ions in order as Cu(II) > Ni(II). The adsorption of Cu(II) ion by SiO2+CS was affected by the nature of the respective anion. Application of these composite materials to remove Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution was shown to be more efficient than the adsorption capacities of many sorbents probed by other research groups.
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Catalytic Material Design: Design Factors Affecting Catalyst Performance for Biomass and FineChemical ApplicationsDeshpande, Nitish January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Immobilized Bis-Indenyl Ligands for Stable and Cost-Effective Metallocene Catalysts of Hydrogenation and Polymerization ReactionsSimerly, Thomas Max 15 August 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Reactions of catalytic hydrogenations and polymerizations are widely used in industry for manufacture of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Homogeneous catalysts for the processes that have low stability and their separation is difficult. Therefore, the development of new highly active and stable catalysts for hydrogenations and polymerizations is a necessity. The objective of this research was the development of a strategy for immobilization of heterogeneous metallocene catalysts. First, a methodology of immobilization of bis-indenyl ligands on the surface of mesoporous silica gel was designed. Four bis-indenyl ligands containing functionalized tethers of various lengths with terminal alkene groups were synthesized. All bis-indenyl ligands were immobilized on the surface of mesoporous functionalized silica gel by two methods: hydrosilylation and thiol-ene coupling of the double bond. After comparing the results, the second strategy was chosen as more efficient. The materials can be used further as intermediates for synthesis of supported metallocene catalysts.
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Silices fonctionnalisées contenant des espèces ioniques pour la catalyse hétérogène / Functional silica bearing ionic species for heterogeneous catalysisMotos, Blanca 13 December 2011 (has links)
La catalyse hétérogène est en plein développement pour des raisons économiques, de santé et de protection environnementale. Les travaux de cette thèse s'intéressent à la préparation des silices fonctionnalisées par des sous-structures ioniques pour leur application en catalyse hétérogène. D'abord, des matériaux mésoporeux fonctionnalisés par des entités di-aryl imidazoliums ont été préparés par des réactions de post-greffage. En plus, films de type PMO contenant des entités di-aryl imidazoliums ont été synthétisés en présence d'un surfactant anionique. Ensuite, complexes carbéniques N-hétérocycliques du cuivre et du palladium supportés ont été préparés et appliqués en tant que catalyseurs organométalliques dans des réactions A3 (Cu-NHC) et de couplage de Suzuki (Pd-NHC). Les silices fonctionnalisées avec des entités imidazoliums ont également été utilisées en tant qu'organocatalyseurs des réactions de Henry et dans de cycloaddition du dioxyde de carbone aux époxydes. Des matériaux de type ‘PMO' contenant des entités amines/ammoniums ainsi que des sous-structures zwitterioniques ont été utilisés en réactions organocatalysées de Henry et Biginelli. / Heterogenous catalysis is an area in continuous development due to economical, health and environmental issues. This thesis deals with the preparation of i-silica materials for the posterior application in heterogeneous catalysis. First, di-aryl imidazolium containing silica materials were synthesized by post-grafting reactions on mesoporous SBA-15. Moreover, di-alkyl imidazolium containing PMO films were prepared in presence of an anionic surfactant. Then, supported copper and palladium N-heterocyclic carbenes were synthesized from di-aryl imidazolium silica and applied to A3 reactions (Cu-NHC) and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions (Pd-NHC). Imidazolium functionalized silicas were also utilized as heterogeneous organocatalysts in Henry reactions and in reactions of cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides. Finally, PMO type materials containing amine/ammonium and zwitterionic substructures were applied to Henry and Biginelli organocatalysed reactions, respectively.
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Développement d’une méthodologie de synthèse de silices hybrides à haute capacité extractante / Synthesis of hybrid silica with high density of extractant functionsBesnard, Romain 09 November 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans un contexte de recherche d'amélioration des propriétés d'extraction d'ions sur phase solide. Au travers de ces travaux est développée une méthodologie innovante visant à adapter la structuration, la morphologie ainsi que les fonctions d'extraction aux ions et aux milieux cibles. Pour cela, nous avons opté pour une méthode « tout-en-un » passant par l'utilisation d'organosilanes amphiphiles. Composées d'une tête condensable et d'une tête « extractante » aux extrémités d'une chaîne hydrophobe, ces molécules polyvalentes font office à la fois d'agent matriciel silicique, d'agent structurant et d'agent extractant. Par analogie avec un tensioactif, nous avons montré que l'auto-assemblage de telles molécules est gouverné par des paramètres liés notamment à la taille de la partie hydrophile de la molécule. En utilisant différents agents de courbure, il est possible de jouer sur la taille du couple agent de courbure/fonction extractante. La courbure à l'interface entre le milieu et l'agrégat est donc ajustable, ce qui conduit à différents types d'agrégation. Par cette méthode, des bicouches, des vésicules et des micelles directes cylindriques ont été obtenues. A l'inverse, l'ajout de précurseur de silice (TEOS) dans la préparation peut conduire au gonflement des structures et à l'inversion de l'agrégation vers des micelles inverses cylindriques. L'effet du solvant a également été étudié et a permis d'aboutir à des morphologies très diverses. Enfin, l'accessibilité des fonctions et les propriétés d'extraction des matériaux élaborés ont été évaluées au travers de modifications chimiques de la tête extractante et de tests d'extraction d'ions métalliques (Terres rares, platinoïdes …). / The aim of this study is to develop a suitable “all-in-one” approach involving amphiphilic organosilane precursors in order to prepare hybrid materials for solid phase extraction processes. Such molecules combine both condensable and functional parts around a long hydrophobic alkyl chain.Similarly to a surfactant, the amphiphilic behavior of the organosilane molecules is governed by the size of the hydrophilic extractant function. By playing with the curvature agent size, it is possible to adjust the size of the couple extractant part/curvature agent at the interface between the aggregates and the surrounding media. Therefore, the aggregation shape is tunable. This approach constitutes an efficient and original method in order to tune the nanostructure of highly functionalized silica at the early stage of the elaboration. Hybrid organic-inorganic planar objects and vesicles are obtained for smaller curvature agents. Increasing the size of the curvature agent results in a transition of the aggregation geometry from vesicles to cylindrical direct micelles, leading to highly functionalized nanofibers.Comparatively, the addition of a silica precursor as TEOS in the preparation results in the swelling of the condensable part of the amphiphilic organosilane molecules. Thereby, as a curvature agent, the addition of TEOS allows tuning the aggregation towards reverse cylindrical micelles. Solvent effects have also been evaluated, appearing as a critical morphological parameter. Macroporous materials, blackberry-like particles and elongated or spherical nanoparticles can be obtained depending on the solvent.Finally, the accessibility of the functions and the extraction properties of the materials have been studied through chemical modifications and metallic ion extraction experiments (Rare earth elements, platinoids …).
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