Submitted by Marlucy Farias Medeiros (marlucy.farias@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-10-31T16:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 John Jefferson Antunes Saldanha - 2017.pdf: 2295770 bytes, checksum: 7d9b5b6835d3e02633dca3155dd44fe7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlucy Farias Medeiros (marlucy.farias@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-10-31T18:24:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 John Jefferson Antunes Saldanha - 2017.pdf: 2295770 bytes, checksum: 7d9b5b6835d3e02633dca3155dd44fe7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T18:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 John Jefferson Antunes Saldanha - 2017.pdf: 2295770 bytes, checksum: 7d9b5b6835d3e02633dca3155dd44fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / Uma difusão considerável p elo uso dos veículos elétricos plug-in (VEPs) tem sido promovida, de modo a reduzir as emissões poluentes dos veículos movidos a combustão, bem como preservar as fontes de energia fóssil. Entretanto, cabe ressaltar que os VEPs necessitam se conectar a rede elétrica para recarregar suas baterias. Nesse contexto, caso uma quantidade significativa de veículos elétricos plug-in solicitem recarga ao mesmo tempo, a operação do sistema elétrico de potência (SEP) será comprometida. Em contrapartida, os VEPs também podem auxiliar a rede elétrica através do controle da taxa de recarga e injeção de energia ativa. Assim, é importante realizar o controle da recarga dos VEPs. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe um sistema inteligente fundamentado em duas interfaces para controlar a taxa de recarga dos VEPs. A primeira interface visa controlar a taxa de recarga de uma frota de veículos com base em um controlador lógico fuzzy projetado e posteriormente ajustado. Nesta interface, buscam-se atender os requisitos do consumidor. Na segunda, gerenciam-se diversas frotas de VEPs visando minimizar perdas de energia e desvios de tensão na rede elétrica. Os resultados da primeira interface mostram que ambos os controladores projetado e ajustado respondem ao cálculo da taxa de recarga levando em consideração as informações inseridas pelo consumidor. Em adição, a resposta do controlador ajustado é mais próxima da resposta desejada, comparando com o controlador projetado. Os resultados da segunda interface mostram que o método de otimização reduziu as perdas de energia elétrica e os desvios de tensão no sistema teste estudado. Concomitantemente, a energia entregue para os VEPs aumentou de maneira significativa. Desta forma, com o sistema desenvolvido, espera-se reduzir o impacto no sistema elétrico de potência e otimizar sua operação, beneficiando a concessionária local, a rede elétrica e o consumidor. / In the present work we investigated experimentally and theoretically the photophysical characterization of organic compounds of the type benzothiazoles, targeting applications in optoelectronic devices, mainly in organic light emitting diodes and photoelectric devices. The study was developed to identify the optical and structural properties of the compounds and the effect of the addition of an amine radical on the ring PhO (benzene-bound benzene) of the benzothiazole compound. Other variations were analyzed, such as changes in the positions of the amine radical added to said compound and absence of the hydroxyl radical. Absorption and photoluminescence experiments were carried out with the purpose of verifying the excitation and fluorescence energies of the compounds, as well as Stokes displacement. The photophysical characterization was also investigated theoretically by means of an ab initio or first principles computational model based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT), implemented in the Gaussian® program, which uses quantum mechanics to calculate the molecular structures and their vibrational properties. We investigated the molecular geometric structure, obtaining the interatomic distances, structure of electronic orbitals, diagrams of energy bands, molecular vibrations and frequency of vibrational modes. By means of Raman spectroscopy, the frequencies of the active Raman vibrational modes were obtained, allowing the comparison with the theoretical results of the simulations. The compounds 4HBS, 4HBSN and 5HBS have their first theoretical characterization from the study of this dissertation.

As Civil Engineering structures, e.g., tall buildings, long span bridges, deep water offshore platforms, nuclear power plants, etc., have become more costly, complex and serve more critical functions, the consequences of their failure are catastrophic. Therefore, the protection of these structures against damage induced by large environmental loads, e.g., earthquakes, strong wind gusts and waves, etc., is without doubt, a worldwide priority. However, structures cannot be designed to withstand all possible external loads and some extraordinary loading episodes do occur, leading to damage or even failure of the structure. Protection of a structure against hazards can be achieved by various means such as modifying structural rigidities, increasing structural damping, and by attaching external devices, known as control devices. Control devices can be deployed either to isolate the structure from external excitation or to absorb input seismic energy to the structure (absorber) so as to mitigate vibration in the primary structure. Seismic base isolation is one such mechanism which isolates a structure from harmful ground excitations. Seismic base isolation is a widely accepted and implemented structural control mechanism due to its robustness and ease in deployment. Following the Northridge earthquake (1994), and Kobe earthquake (1995), the interest of structural engineers in understanding near-source ground motions has enhanced. Documents published after these earthquakes emphasized the issue of large base displacements because of the use of none or little isolation damping (of viscous type only) prior to these events. More recent studies have investigated analytically and experimentally, the efficiency of various dissipative mechanisms to protect seismic isolated structures from recorded near-source long period, pulse-type, high velocity ground motions. Consequently, hybrid isolation systems, seismic base isolation supplemented with damping mechanisms, have become the focus of current research trend in structural vibration control. Hybrid base isolation system incorporating passive supplemental damping devices like, viscous fluid dampers, etc., performs satisfactorily in minimizing isolator displacement but at the same time increases superstructure acceleration response. Furthermore, the passive system can be tuned to a particular frequency range and its performance decreases for frequencies of excitation outside the tunning bandwidth. In such a scenario, active control devices in addition to base isolation mechanism provide better performance in reducing base displacement and superstructure acceleration for a broad range of excitation frequencies. Tremendous power requirement and the possibility of power failure during seismic hazards restrict the usage of active systems as a supplemental device. Semi-active devices provide the robustness of passive devices and adaptive nature of active devices. These characteristics make them better suited for structural control applications. The recent focus is on the development of magnetorheological (MR) dampers as semi-active device for structural vibration control applications. MR dampers provide hysteretic damping and can operate with battery power. The thrust of this thesis is on developing a hybrid base isolation mechanism using MR dampers as a supplemental damping device. The use of MR damper as a semi-active device involves two steps; development of a model to describe the MR damper hysteretic behaviour; development of a proper nonlinear control algorithm to monitor MR damper current / voltage supply. Existing parametric models of MR damper hysteretic behaviour, e.g., Bouc-Wen model, fail to consider the effect of amplitude and frequency of excitation on the device. Recently reported literature has demonstrated the necessity of incorporating amplitude and frequency dependence of MR damper models. The current/voltage supply as the input variable to the MR damper restricts the direct use of any control algorithms developed for active control of structures. The force predicted by the available control algorithms should be mapped to equivalent current/voltage and then to be fed into the damper. Available semi-active algorithms in the literature used ‘on-off’ or ‘bang-bang’ strategy for MR applications due to nonlinear current/voltage-force relation of MR damper. The ‘on-off’ nature of these algorithms neither provides smooth change in MR damper current/voltage input nor considers all possible current/ voltage values within its minimum to maximum range. Secondly, these algorithms fail to consider the effect of the MR damper applied and commanded current/voltage dynamics. The thrust of this dissertation is to develop semi-active control algorithms to monitor MR damper supply current/voltage. The study develops a Bouc-Wen based model to characterize the MR damper hysteretic phenomenon. Experimental results and modeling details have been documented. A fuzzy based intelligent control and two model-based nonlinear control algorithms based on optimal dynamic inversion and integral backstepping have been developed. Performance of the fuzzy logic based intelligent control has been explored using experimental investigation on a three storey base isolated building. Further the application of the proposed controllers on a benchmark building; a benchmark highway bridge and a stay cable vibration reduction have been discussed. Experimental study has revealed that the performance of optimal FLC is better than manually designed FLC in terms of reducing base displacement and storey accelerations. The performance of both the FLCs (simple FLC and genetic algorithm based optimal FLC) is better than ‘passive-off’ (zero ampere current supply) and ‘passive-on’ (one ampere current supply) condition of MR damper applications. The ‘passive-off’ results have shown higher base displacements with lower storey accelerations, whereas, the ‘passive-on’ results have reduced base displacement to the least but at the same time increased the storey acceleration too much. The FLC monitored MR damper show a compromise between the two passive conditions. Analytical results confirm these observations. Numerical simulations of the base isolated building with the two model based MR damper control algorithms developed have shown a better performance over FLC and widely used clipped optimal algorithms. The applications of the proposed semi-active control algorithms (FLC, dynamic inversion and integral backstepping) have shown better performance in comparison to that of control algorithms provided with the benchmark studies.

In the past decade, the design and manufacturing of intelligent multipurpose underwater vehicles has increased significantly. In the wide range of studies conducted in this field, the flexibility and autonomy of these devices with respect to their intended performance had been widely investigated. This work is related to the design and manufacturing of a small and lightweight autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with vision capabilities allowing detecting and contouring obstacles. It is indeed an exciting challenge to build a small and light submarine AUV, while making tradeoffs between performance and minimum available space as well as energy consumption. In fact, due to the ever-increasing in equipment complexity and performance, designers of AUVs are facing the issues of limited size and energy consumption. By using a pair of thrusters capable to rotate 360o on their axis and implementing a mass shifter with a control loop inside the vehicle, this later can efficiently adapt its depth and direction with minimal energy consumption. A prototype was fabricated and successfully tested in real operating conditions (in both pool and ocean). It includes the design and embedding of accurate custom multi-purpose sensors for multi-task operation as well as an enhanced coordinated system between a high-speed processor and accustomed electrical/mechanical parts of the vehicle, to allow automatic controlling its movements. Furthermore, an efficient tracking system was implemented to automatically detect and bypass obstacles. Then, fuzzy-based controllers were coupled to the main AUV processor system to provide the best commands to safely get around obstacles with minimum energy consumption. The fabricated prototype was able to work for a period of three hours with object tracking options and five hours in a safe environment, at a speed of 0.6 m/s at a depth of 8 m.

No description available.

Lors de la conception d’un frein, le confort et le bien-être du consommateur font partie des critères principaux. En effet, les instabilités de crissement, qui engendrent une des pollutions acoustiques les plus importantes, représentent un challenge actuel pour la communauté scientifique et les industriels du domaine. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la mise en évidence du caractère variable du crissement, observé pour deux systèmes de freinage d’un même véhicule, grâce à des plans d’expériences, expérimental et numérique. Pour être représentatif d’une famille de structures, il est désormais indéniable qu’il faille prendre en compte les variabilités observées sur de multiples paramètres liés au système étudié dès la phase de conception. L’enrichissement des simulations déterministes actuelles nécessite la mise en place d’outils non déterministes rapides et respectant le conservatisme des solutions étudiées. Pour ce faire, nous avons contribué au développement de méthodes numériques dédiées à la propagation des données floues dans le cas des graphes de coalescence, à la détermination des positions d’équilibre de corps en contact frottant à partir d’une méthode de régulation basée sur la logique floue. Cette solution permet d’appliquer une technique de projection pour réduire le coût numérique en utilisant des bases modales des composants réanalysées par un développement homotopique. / During a brake design, consumer comfort and well-being are the main criteria. Indeed, squeal instabilities, that produce main acoustic pollution, represent a current challenge in the scientific community and for industrials. In this thesis, we interest first in the highlight of the variability of squeal, observed for two brake systems of a same vehicle, thanks to experimental and numerical designs of experiments. To be representative of a structure family, it is now undeniable that we must take into account variability observed in various parameters of the studied system, from the design phase. To enrich existing deterministic simulations, quick non deterministic tools must be established, respecting the studied solutions conservatism. For this, we have contributed to the development of numerical methods to propagate fuzzy data in the case of diagram of coalescence, to determine the equilibrium position of frictional contact bodies with a fuzzy logic controller. This solution allows to apply a projection technique for reducing the computational cost. The modal bases of components are reanalyzed by homotopy perturbation.

In today's versatile requirements for reducing fuel consumption, a lot of different approaches are in development like hybridization, reducing the amount of cylinders with the same power as before or operating point-independent components and auxiliaries. Within this thesis, one of the approaches is shown: electrified auxiliaries including an operation strategy. Replacing conventional auxiliaries with electrified ones, the need of more electrical power becomes bigger. Due to the limits within the 12V power net, the 48V approach is the logical conclusion in terms of cost benefit and availability of the needed resources to use the electrified components. The 48V power net introduces new or modified parts to the vehicle including a new power net topology. Fuzzy logic was chosen to control the auxiliaries, because of the number of input variables, the flexibility of using it for different cars and being robust during the usage. The results showed a significant improvement of fuel consumption with the developed control strategy for the selected power net topology. This improvement was evident in all cycles, which were discussed within this thesis. In this thesis a new approach for reducing fuel consumption was shown, which includes several electrified auxiliaries and the operation strategy to control them within the vehicle during different cycles. The necessary models for the approach were developed including the auxiliaries, the controller and the needed parts for the power net. / In der heutigen Zeit mit den steigenden Ansprüchen zur Reduzierung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs sind viele verschiedene Ansätze und Technologien in der Entwicklung, wie zum Beispiel Hybridisierung, Zylinderreduktion mit der gleichen Leistungsausbeute wie zuvor oder auch vom Verbrennungsmotor unabhängigen Komponenten und Nebenaggregaten. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wurde einer dieser Ansätze näher erläutert: elektrifizierte Nebenaggregate inklusive einer Betriebsstrategie. Durch den Austausch der konventionellen Nebenaggregate mit den elektrifizierten Nebenaggregaten steigt der Bedarf an mehr elektrischer Leistung. Durch die Limitierungen im 12V Bordnetz, ist der 48V Ansatz der nächste logische Schritt hinsichtlich des Kosten/Nutzen-Verhältnis und der Ressourcenverfügbarkeit für die Nutzung der elektrifizierten Komponenten. Das 48V Bordnetz benötigt neue bzw. modifizierte Komponenten inclusive einer neuen Bordnetztopologie. Fuzzy-Logik wurde zur Regelung der Nebenaggregate ausgewählt. Grund hierfür waren: Anzahl an Eingangsvariablen, Flexibilität in der Übertragung auf andere Fahrzeuge und dem robusten Verhalten in der Anwendung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten ein signifikantes Einsparpotential durch die Verwendung der entwickelten Betriebsstrategie für die ausgewählte Bordnetztopologie. Die Einsparung war in allen diskutierten Zyklen deutlich zu sehen. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein neuer Ansatz zur Verbrauchsreduktion gezeigt inklusive elektrifizierter Nebenaggregate und der benötigten Betriebsstrategie, um diese im Fahrzeug in verschiedenen Zyklen zu steuern. Die benötigten Modelle wurden entwickelt, wie zum Beispiel die Nebenaggregate, der Regler und den Bordnetzkomponenten.