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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Gabioner - Ett alternativ vid vägbanksbygge i lösa leror

Kinander, Joakim, Israelsson, Markus January 2009 (has links)
<p>The use of gabions means a reduced amount of filling material in the road section and a more narrow construction. Also the use of limestone cement columns can be reduced. All together this results in lower costs. The columns stand for about 55% of the total costs for the road. If gabions are used you can reduce the total costs with over 10%.</p>
2

Gabioner - Ett alternativ vid vägbanksbygge i lösa leror

Kinander, Joakim, Israelsson, Markus January 2009 (has links)
The use of gabions means a reduced amount of filling material in the road section and a more narrow construction. Also the use of limestone cement columns can be reduced. All together this results in lower costs. The columns stand for about 55% of the total costs for the road. If gabions are used you can reduce the total costs with over 10%.
3

The Effect of Gabion Construction on Infiltration in Ephemeral Streams

Fandel, Chloe Alexandra, Fandel, Chloe Alexandra January 2016 (has links)
Low-tech rock structures called gabions are commonly used in dryland stream channels to reduce erosion, slow floodwaters, and increase infiltration. Gabions may also increase water availability for riparian vegetation, and increase the duration of surface flow in ephemeral stream channels. However, their effects on infiltration and recharge are not well-understood. This study tested low-cost methods for easily quantifying the total infiltration induced by gabion construction in an ephemeral stream channel, over the course of a single flow event. We used well-established methods to find point infiltration fluxes from subsurface temperature time-series. Unique to this study, we then upscaled these measurements to the gabion’s entire area of influence using time-lapse photo data, which recorded the onset of flow and the duration of ponding. For a flow lasting ~5 hours, we ran 225 model scenarios, estimating that a single gabion could have increased the total infiltrated volume in the channel reach between it and the next gabion by as much as 255% or as little as 0%, but the most likely scenario is a 10.8% increase. We found the photo data to be invaluable in obtaining these estimates, and in understanding the dynamics of a remote field site. Future work would benefit from more precise measurements of point infiltration fluxes and better records of ponded surface area over time. If these improvements are made and our estimates can be replicated reliably, they would suggest that gabions are a more powerful restoration and management tool than previously understood.
4

Minimering av underhållskostnader för stödmurar : Jämförelse mellan olika stödkonstruktioner / Minimizing of maintenance costs for retaining walls : Comparison between different support structures

Mohammadi, Edris, Mohammad, Shoaib January 2015 (has links)
I detta examensarbete undersöks hur stödmurar av olika slag kan utföras på ett underhållsvänligare sätt. Med det menas att kostnaden för drift och underhåll ska hållas på en rimlig nivå med "normalt underhåll". Arbetet har genomförts på uppdrag av Nacka Kommun. Stödmurar har till uppgift att ta hand om jordtryck och även eventuella trafiklaster från vägar eller parkeringar. Detta ställer krav på att stödmuren är dimensionerad för de laster, och även för de olika typer av angrepp som kan förekomma med hänsyn till miljö. Stödmurar som är i stort behov av underhåll är idag ett problem för Nacka kommun som beställare. I dagens läge får kommunen sina stödmurar levererade av i princip samma typ och företag, vilket gör att kostnaderna för drift och underhåll också ligger på samma nivå. För att undersöka vilka typer av stödmurar som finns på marknaden, har en kategorisering gjorts av de vanligast förekommande stödmurarna, deras fördelar och nackdelar, samt användningsområden för de olika typerna. En LCC beräkning har gjorts för att lättare kunna se skillnaden mellan de olika stödmurarna med avseende på initialkostnader för produkten samt drift och underhållskostnader under dess livslängd. Betong som är det klart dominerande materialet som stödmurarna byggs av idag, har förklarats lite mer ingående med hänsyn till vilka skador som kan förekomma och även hur dessa kan undvikas. Ett av resultaten som är framtaget genom livscykelkostnadsberäkning visar, att gabioner som stödkonstruktion har minsta totalkostnad under dess livslängd. En av slutsatsen som arbetet har mynnat i är att med ett högre krav under projekteringsskedet kan skador som är ofta förekommande undvikas, eller hållas på en acceptabel nivå under stödmurens livslängd. Skadorna kan vara sprickbildning, avspjälkning eller korrosion av armering. / In this thesis an literature study have been done to examines how the retaining walls of various kinds can be performed in a maintenance friendly way. This means that the cost of operation and maintenance must be kept at a reasonable level with "normal maintenance". The work has been carried out on behalf of and supervised by Nacka Municipality. Retaining walls have the task of caring for earth pressure and also possible traffic loads from roads or parking areas. This demands that the retaining wall is dimensioned for the loads, and also for the different types of attacks that can occur with regard to the environment. Retaining walls that are in great need of maintenance is now a problem for Nacka municipality. At present, the municipality is getting all its retaining walls supplied by basically the same type and company. This means that the costs of operation and maintenance are also located on the same level. To examine the types of support walls that are available in the market today a categorization have been made of the most common retaining walls, their advantages, disadvantages and uses of the different types. An LCC calculation has been done to help identify the difference between the different support walls with respect to the initial cost of the product, and operation and maintenance costs over its lifetime. Concrete which is the dominant material that retaining walls are built of today have been explained more thoroughly with regard to the damage that may occur and also how they can be avoided. One of the results of the work is that with higher requirements during the design stage can damages that are frequently be avoided, or kept at an acceptable level during retaining walls durability. Effects may be cracking, spalling and corrosion of reinforcement.
5

Evaluation de la performance acoustique des protections antibruit innovantes utilisant des moyens naturels : application aux transports terrestres

Koussa, Faouzi 28 September 2012 (has links)
Le bruit dû aux infrastructures de transports terrestres fait partie des premières préoccupations environnementales de ce début de 21e siècle. Un moyen utilisé pour réduire ce bruit est de placer des protections acoustiques le long des grands axes routiers et ferroviaires. Actuellement, les choix de ces protections antibruit se portent généralement sur des solutions traditionnelles : écran droit, merlon, écran incliné, écran avec un couronnement. Le but de ce travail est de proposer des protections acoustiques innovantes utilisant des moyens naturels et d’en étudier la performance acoustique en utilisant des approches numériques et expérimentales. L’approche numérique peut être couplée en outre à un outil d’optimisation, développé dans cette thèse, pour chercher des formes améliorées de tels dispositifs antibruit novateurs. Après une présentation des principaux phénomènes mis en jeu dans la propagation des ondes acoustiques en milieu extérieur complexe, un état de l’art des principaux écrans acoustiques dédiés aux transports terrestres a été établi, permettant de choisir trois protections antibruit innovantes pour en étudier la performance acoustique. Une analyse des principales méthodes de simulation numérique, de mesure et d’optimisation des protections antibruit a permis de choisir les méthodes adaptées à notre problématique des écrans acoustiques utilisant des moyens naturels. Les méthodes choisies ont été utilisées dans ce travail pour évaluer la performance acoustique de ces écrans innovants. Pour le premier écran choisi, dit écran en gabions, nous avons effectué des mesures in-situ et sur modèles réduits, ainsi que des simulations numériques montrant une efficacité satisfaisante. Pour le deuxième écran, utilisant des cristaux soniques, et pour le troisième écran, de type merlon acoustique de forme complexe, nous avons réalisé une étude numérique paramétrique suivie d’une étude d’optimisation. Les résultats des calculs ont montré l’intérêt de tels dispositifs antibruit pour réduire le bruit de circulation routière et ferroviaire en milieu urbain et ils ont abouti à des formes améliorées des protections acoustiques utilisant des moyens naturels. / Noise due to ground transportation infrastructures is among the first environmental concerns of this beginning of 21th century. Building noise protections along motorways and railways is usually the chosen solution to reduce this noise. Currently, noise abatement systems used are mainly conventional ones: straight barriers, earth berms, tilted barriers, capped barriers. The purpose of this work is to propose innovative noise barriers using natural means and to study their acoustic performance by using numerical and experimental approaches. The numerical approach can also be coupled with an optimization tool, developed in this thesis, to obtain improved shapes of such devices using natural means. First, the main phenomena that appear during acoustic wave propagation in a complex outdoor medium are described. Then, a state of the art of the main noise barriers dedicated to ground transportation noise is achieved. It drives the choice of three innovative noise barriers using natural means. An analysis of the main numerical, experimental and optimization methods is carried out which allows to choose the methods adapted to our problem of noise barriers using natural means. The chosen methods are used in this work to assess the acoustic performance of the three innovative noise barriers. For the first chosen noise barrier called “gabions barrier”, we perform in-situ and scale model measurements and numerical simulations. The results show a satisfactory efficiency of such noise devices. For the second and the third chosen noise barriers called respectively “sonic crystal assisted barrier” and “complex shaped earth berm”, we perform a parametric numerical and an optimization studies. The results show the capacity of such noise devices to reduce motorways and railways noises in urban areas and they lead to improved shapes of innovative noise barriers using natural means.
6

Evaluation de la performance acoustique des protections antibruit innovantes utilisant des moyens naturels : application aux transports terrestres

Koussa, Faouzi 28 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Le bruit dû aux infrastructures de transports terrestres fait partie des premières préoccupations environnementales de ce début de 21e siècle. Un moyen utilisé pour réduire ce bruit est de placer des protections acoustiques le long des grands axes routiers et ferroviaires. Actuellement, les choix de ces protections antibruit se portent généralement sur des solutions traditionnelles : écran droit, merlon, écran incliné, écran avec un couronnement. Le but de ce travail est de proposer des protections acoustiques innovantes utilisant des moyens naturels et d'en étudier la performance acoustique en utilisant des approches numériques et expérimentales. L'approche numérique peut être couplée en outre à un outil d'optimisation, développé dans cette thèse, pour chercher des formes améliorées de tels dispositifs antibruit novateurs. Après une présentation des principaux phénomènes mis en jeu dans la propagation des ondes acoustiques en milieu extérieur complexe, un état de l'art des principaux écrans acoustiques dédiés aux transports terrestres a été établi, permettant de choisir trois protections antibruit innovantes pour en étudier la performance acoustique. Une analyse des principales méthodes de simulation numérique, de mesure et d'optimisation des protections antibruit a permis de choisir les méthodes adaptées à notre problématique des écrans acoustiques utilisant des moyens naturels. Les méthodes choisies ont été utilisées dans ce travail pour évaluer la performance acoustique de ces écrans innovants. Pour le premier écran choisi, dit écran en gabions, nous avons effectué des mesures in-situ et sur modèles réduits, ainsi que des simulations numériques montrant une efficacité satisfaisante. Pour le deuxième écran, utilisant des cristaux soniques, et pour le troisième écran, de type merlon acoustique de forme complexe, nous avons réalisé une étude numérique paramétrique suivie d'une étude d'optimisation. Les résultats des calculs ont montré l'intérêt de tels dispositifs antibruit pour réduire le bruit de circulation routière et ferroviaire en milieu urbain et ils ont abouti à des formes améliorées des protections acoustiques utilisant des moyens naturels.
7

Estudio comparativo de estabilidad de taludes entre el sistema de drenaje por perforación con anclajes y el sistema de gaviones con banquetas en la Carretera Central, Cerro Pucruchacra, San Mateo / Comparative study of slope stability between the drainage drilling system with anchors and the gabion system with benches in the Carretera Central, Pucruchacra Hill, San Mateo

Ríos Hidalgo, Diego Marcello, Villagaray Flores, Luiggi Jhonny 07 August 2021 (has links)
Debido a los deslizamientos de tierra ocurridos en el cerro Pucruchacra, hecho que afectó a la Carretera Central, la vía más importante del país, el Estado, a través de la empresa Dobac S.A., implementó un sistema de gaviones con banquetas en dicha zona. La presente investigación plantea que un sistema de drenaje por perforación con anclajes puede brindar mayor estabilidad a la ladera del cerro Pucruchacra, que el sistema ya existente. Por ello, para demostrar la hipótesis, se requirió de información geotécnica y topográfica, la cual fue obtenida de estudios hechos previamente. Esta información fue usada en los softwares SEEP/W y SLOPE/W para hacer modelamientos con el fin de determinar la sección crítica -la que tiene menor factor de seguridad- del tramo estudiado. En esta sección crítica se hicieron los modelamientos de los dos sistemas mencionados para luego ser comparados y determinar cuál garantiza una mayor estabilidad al talud. Se modeló el sistema de drenaje por perforación con anclajes con una, dos y tres filas de drenes, para conocer el comportamiento del talud. Los resultados mostraron que no hay mayor diferencia entre el sistema de gaviones con banquetas y el sistema de drenaje por perforación con anclajes, teniendo este último tres filas de drenes. Sin embargo, se evidenció una tendencia positiva en el factor de seguridad al aumentar las filas de drenes, por lo que es probable que el factor de seguridad siga aumentando con más filas. Por otro lado, a pesar de la similitud de los factores de seguridad entre ambos sistemas, se considera que el sistema de drenaje por perforación con anclajes es una mejor alternativa, ya que, por sus características, este no necesita de grandes movimientos de tierra, por lo tanto, la duración y el costo del proyecto serían menores; otra característica a favor es la no necesidad de mantenimiento, ya que estos drenes, por el tipo de material que tiene, no se colmatan. / Due to the landslides that occurred on the Pucruchacra hill, a fact that affected the Carretera Central, the most important road in the country, the State, through the company Dobac S.A., implemented a gabion system with benches in that area. The present investigation proposes that a drainage drilling system with anchors can provide greater stability to the slope of the Pucruchacra hill, than the existing system. Therefore, to demonstrate the hypothesis, geotechnical and topographic information was required, which was obtained from previously done studies. This information was used in the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W software to make modeling in order to determine the critical section -the one with the lowest safety factor- of the studied section. In this critical section, the modeling of both mentioned systems were made to later be compared and determine which one guarantees greater stability to the slope. The drainage drilling system with anchors was modeled with one, two and three rows of drains, to know the behavior of the slope. The drainage results show that there is no major difference between the gabion system with benches and the drainage drilling system with anchors, the latter having three rows of drains. However, a positive trend in the safety factor was evidenced as the rows of drains increased, so it is likely that the safety factor will continue to increase with more rows. On the other hand, despite the similarity of the safety factors between both systems, it is considered that the drainage drilling system with anchors is a better alternative, since, due to its characteristics, it does not need large movements of land, therefore, the duration and cost of the project would be less; another feature in favor is the non-need for maintenance, since these drains, due to the type of material they have, are not clogged. / Tesis

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