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I en tid där allt fler människor bosätter sig i städer har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka människors gränsdragningar i det urbana och framför allt vilka gränsteknologier som omgärdar det egna bostadsområdet. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har Charles Tillys (2004) teori om beständig ojämlikhet och Richard Sennetts (2008) teori om sökandet efter gemenskap i den moderna staden varit givande utgångspunkter. Det fall som studerats är Täby kommun norr om Stockholm och i ett vidare syfte har gränsdragningar i kommunen med hjälp av Blakely & Snyders (1997) teori om Gated Communities jämförts med inhägnade bostadsområdens fysiska murar. Genomförandet har utgjorts av kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer i kombination med en observation på plats vilket lett fram till resultatet att det finns både enande och åtskiljande faktorer som omgärdar Täby. Fysiska gränser har visat sig vara det geografiska avståndet och upplåtelseformer och socialt har viljan av att bo nära familjen visat sig vara en stark faktor till att sociala flyttmönster både skapas och upprätthålls. De boende visar en kalkylerande inställning där kommunens för- och nackdelar vägs mot varandra men trots att stadslivet i Stockholm lockar så ses Täby som det bästa alternativet. Täby är lagom och kommunen där flest möjligheter tillgodoses. / In a time when more and more people are moving to cities, the purpose of this study has been to analyze lines of demarcation in the urban landscape and to see if there are border technologies that surrounds the community. Charles Tilly's (2004) theory Durable Inequality and Richard Sennett's (2008) theory on the search for communalism in today's urban landscape have been fruitful starting-points for fulfilling the aim of this study. Täby Municipality, which is located north of Stockholm, has been the object of this study and with the theories presented by Blakely & Snyder (1997) as guidelines a further aim of this study has been to compare the lines of demarcation within Täby with physical boundaries in Gated Communities. The study has been conducted with qualitative interviews in combination with an observation, and the results of the study show that there are both unifying and excluding elements within Täby. The physical boundaries that the study has shown to be present in the municipality consist of geographical distance and forms of tenure. Furthermore, the wish to be near one's family has proven to be an important factor for social migration patterns. The analyzed statements of the residents of Täby display a calculating outlook towards their choice of residency where the benefits and downsides of the municipality are weighed against each other. However, regardless of the fact that Stockholm, with its exciting city life, is an alluring option of residency, Täby is perceived as the best alternative. Täby is the adequate option and the municipality where most opportunities are presented.

Gated communities are the new forms of residential settlements, which emerged as a response to changing urban dynamics, becoming increasingly common across the world. Fenced or walled off from the surrounding and limiting the access of the nonresidents, gated communities are in an attempt to create an alternative way of living by eliminating the disadvantages of the ordinary city life and providing secure, well-managed, well-maintained and peaceful environments. On the other hand, gated communities are open to ongoing discussions and controversies. Gating attitude is mostly criticized in many fields, especially causing corruptions on the social and physical cohesion of the cities. Turkey is also witnessing these conflicts by the growing number of private residential areas. In this respect, this study tries to examine the contemporary development of gated communities in Turkey. To this end, a research study was conducted in &Ccedil / ankaya, the central district of Ankara. Zirvekent residential settlement &ndash / as an exemplar of gated communities- and its close neighborhood Birlik Mahallesi &ndash / as an exemplar of non-gated communities- were chosen as the study areas. Thereby, in the light of the analysis it was aimed to reveal the relationships and the differences between gated and non-gated residents, addressing their demographic characteristics, preferences, perceptions and evaluations for the certain physical and social aspects. Due to the results of the research study, the demographic characteristics of the residents in Zirvekent Settlement and Birlik Mahallesi showed differences especially regarding their ages, their education and income levels. The findings also revealed that Zirvekent residents were feeling much more secure in their houses when compared to Birlik residents. Furthermore, the residents of Zirvekent were mostly satisfied with their physical and social environments, and accordingly they associated their present houses to their ideal ones and they desire to continue to live in them more than non-gated residents in Birlik Mahallesi.

The primary purpose of the study is to explore the connections between residents' perception of safety and their crime experience, and the existence of gates and fences in multi-family housing communities in urban areas. For cultivating discussions regarding the connections between gated community territory, safety, and crime experience, this study classifies apartment communities according to the conditions of their gating and fencing: gated communities, perceived gated communities, and non-gated communities. It investigates residents' perceptions of safety and their opinions and managers' opinions on gated territory and safety. The major findings from the surveys are: Residents felt safer in gated communities than in non-gated communities. Residents' perceptions of safety in perceived gated communities were similar to those in gated communities. These results reflected the territoriality issue for improving residents' perceived safety in apartment communities. Residents' perceptions of safety in architectural spaces showed that residents' fear of crime in public and semi-public spaces must first be addressed in order to ease residents' fear of crime in an apartment territory. The reality of crime in apartment communities differed from residents' perceptions of safety. Gated community residents reported a higher crime rate than nongated community residents. In addition to gates and fences that define apartment territory, such elements as patrol services, bright lighting, direct emergency buttons, and visual access to the local police were indicated as the important factors for improving residents' perceived safety. Some architectural factors and demographic factors exhibited statistical correlations with residents' perceptions of safety. Those were types of communities, dwelling floor level, educational attainment, family size, and annual income. For predicting residents' perceptions of safety in their apartment territory, multiple regression models were obtained and residents' neighborhood attachment was also considered in the multiple regression models. The apartment community managers emphasized direct maintenance issues and residents' social contact with neighbors for improving residents' perceived safety. In conclusion, design and managerial suggestions for safer communities were proposed. For creating safer multi-family housing communities, territoriality and related architectural conditions and managerial considerations and residents' participations are emphasized. The concept of community programming for safer multi-family housing communities is suggested.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-33).

gated communities in Argentinien

Since economic liberalization period, Chinese housing typologies have experienced a dramatical change. From the traditional Siheyuan building type to the current gated communities, which prototype has become the most widespread residential housing type in modern China Cities. At the same time, many negative feedbacks about the city life have been appearing, such as traffic congestion, the loss of street vigor and the one side thousand cities phenomenon, etc, of which gated communities prototype is blamed as one of the causes. It seems that the traditional living habits had been overlooked for purpose of solving the population growth. While through the review of Chinese history changes, we could have a comprehensive understanding of the physical evolution and the social change behind it. The gated communities in contemporary China have their particular socio-political evolution process, which could not be explained directly by Western housing theory. And for the consequence, the unique tradition and the living habit, as well as the characteristic momentums during the developing process have a profound influence on the formation of Chinese gated communities, in both conceptual and materialistic way.

The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a ligand-gated ion channel member of the Cys-loop receptor superfamily, responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain and spinal cord. Zinc is a potent allosteric modulator of GlyR function, enhancing GlyR activity at low nM to 10[mu]M concentrations while inhibiting GlyR activity at higher concentrations. We investigated sources of contaminating zinc, identifying low nM levels of zinc in ultrapure H₂O, powdered reagents used in the preparation of common electrophysiological buffers, and in polystyrene pipets. These low levels of zinc were capable of enhancing GlyR function. These findings suggest that without checking for this effect using a zinc-chelator such as tricine, one cannot assume that responses elicited by glycine applied alone are not necessarily also partially due to some level of allosteric modulation by zinc. Taurine-activated GlyR may have a role in the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. Zinc is found at GlyR-potentiating concentrations throughout the nervous system, so we examined the combinatorial effects of zinc with drugs of abuse on taurine-activated GlyR to mimic in vivo conditions. Whole cell recordings revealed that zinc potentiation of saturating taurine-generated currents decreased further potentiation by drugs of abuse, indicating no synergistic effects on efficacy when receptors are saturated with taurine as may be seen during synaptic events in vivo. Finally, we utilized phage display to identify novel peptide modulators of the GlyR. We tested 26 peptides against [alpha1beta] GlyRs, identifying peptides with various levels of activity on GlyR function. We demonstrated that these modulators were zinc-dependent, as their effects on GlyR activity were abolished in the presence of the zinc-chelating agent tricine. Together, these data indicate the importance of accounting for the effects of zinc when studying the function of the GlyR, as even low levels of zinc that can be found as contaminants in labware and buffers can affect GlyR function and responses to various allosteric modulators, including drugs of abuse. / text