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Three examples of bis(diaryliodonium) perfluorosulfonimide (BDI-PFSI) zwitterions have been prepared as a potential new class of ionic photo-acid generators for chemically amplified photoresist formulations.

<p>  </p> <p>Electroporation uses puled electric fields to permeabilize cell membranes to either introduce exogeneous molecules into cells through normally impermeable membranes or completely lysing cells to induce cell death. This thesis examines electroporation in combination with a natural product for microorganism inactivation and pulsed magnetic fields for inducing pain remediation. Motivated by previous studies using curcumin with pulsed electric fields for cancer treatment, we hypothesized that this combined treatment modality could also enhance microorganism inactivation. The experiments did not indicate any synergistic benefit from combining curcumin and pulsed electric fields for microorganism inactivation. We also hypothesized that a pulsed magnetic field treatment could permeabilize neuron membranes to block action potentials to reduce pain without requiring drugs or direct intervention with the electric pulses. This thesis explored Sim4Life, a commercial software that coupled electromagnetic solvers with models of organisms to assess the interaction of pulsed magnetic fields with tissues. We designed and simulated a device for generating a pulsed magnetic field with different geometries to assess electric and magnetic field generation. These studies only considered pulsed magnetic fields and not specifically time-dependent currents or DC magnetic fields that could be benchmarked to standard analytic solutions. The process outlined here will enable future benchmarking for Multiphysics, multiscale simulations of pulsed magnetic fields, AC magnetic fields, or novel electromagnetic waveforms. The results for this thesis provide a starting point for future experiments coupling electroporation with natural products for microorganism inactivation and for assessing in vivo effects of external electromagnetic fields. </p>

The aim of generator maintenance scheduling (GMS) in an electric power system is to allocate a proper maintenance timetable for generators while maintaining a high system reliability, reducing total production cost, extending generator life time etc. In order to solve this complex problem a genetic algorithm technique is proposed here. The paper discusses the implementation of GAs to GMS problems with two approaches: generational and steady state. The results of applying these GAs to a test GMS problem based on a practical power system scenario are presented and analysed. The effect of different GA parameters is also studied

<p> This thesis describes the study of plate vortex ring generators invented and developed by Latta and modified and constructed by E.S.Fox. The vortex ring generator has been applied to destratify and aerate a natural pond in this research. Experiments were conducted to mix and aerate a stagnant and stratified pond in a natural, outdoor setting. Mixing times, temperatures, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and pH were measured for each experiment trial. A fluctuating single plate vortex ring generator was constructed and used in four of the five experiments with the depth of the vortex ring plate varied to determine the effect on mixing and aeration. A final experiment used a dual plate vortex ring mixer to examine the advantages of multiple plates with regard to mixing and aeration as well.</p> <p> It was found that the single plate vortex ring generator with an operating range of 1 /2 to 4/5Hz effectively destratified and mixed the pond within a 12 hour mixing duration. The generator aerated the pond by establishing a flow pattern in the pond such that the water at the surface of the pond experienced increased contact with the atmospheric air thereby transferring oxygen to the water. The impact of atmospheric air temperature proved to be a significant factor as a heat source to the pond which affected the time taken to destratify the pond. The increased oxygen transferred to the pond increased dissolved oxygen in the pond. The microbial organisms present in the pond experienced increased activity due to the increased dissolved oxygen available in the water because of the mixing action provided by the vortex ring generator.</p> <p> The summary of calculated results for all five experiments with the vortex ring mixer is as follows: (Refer to page iv for chart). <p> On the basis of the experimental results it was determined that the vortex ring generator has a bright future as a tool to improve water quality in natural water courses.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

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The effect of fin and jet vortex generators on the crossflow separation of a 688 class submarine in a turning maneuver was studied. The vortex generators are located on the top and bottom centerline of the submarine. The intent of the vortex generators is to improve turning performance by changing the hydrodynamic forces incurred from crossflow separation. Performance of the jets and the fins are compared. Oil flow visualization and force and moment measurements were used as the primary diagnostics in determining the effectiveness of various vortex generator configurations. The fins were found to be very effective in delaying cross flow separation, while the jets were less effective. In addition, the oil flows revealed the importance of locating vortex generators near the bow and the critical role the sail plays in the fluid dynamics near the submarine. Overall, the fins were found to be viable as a concept for flow control, while the jets were less attractive. / Master of Science

This thesis contains a brief review of some of the work that has been done concerning the generation and testing of pseudo-random numbers. Computer subroutine programs written in FORTRAN IV are given for the generation of pseudo-random numbers from Pearson distributions as well as from any combination of mixtures of two Pearson distributions, a normal distribution with arbitrary mean and variance and a uniform distribution on any finite interval. The Pearson distribution may be specified either by the first four moments or from sample data, then the parameters of the fitted distribution are printed and, if desired, a graph of the distribution. A graph of the mixture of distributions may be obtained from 10,000 pseudo-random numbers from the mixture. The speed of generation varies from about 10,000 random numbers per minute (on the IBM 7040), for a Pearson distribution with moments calculated from the generated numbers, to more than 100,000 numbers per minute if mixtures are used. The subroutines are applied to a Monte Carlo investigation of the robustness of several methods of confidence interval estimation. / M.S.

Conventional understanding of quality of energy suggests that heat is a low grade form of energy. Hence converting this energy into useful form of work was assumed difficult. However, this understanding was challenged by researchers over the last few decades. With advances in solar, thermal and geothermal energy harvesting, they believed that these sources of energy had great potential to operate as dependable avenues for electrical power. In recent times, waste heat from automobiles, oil and gas and manufacturing industries were employed to harness power. Statistics show that US alone has a potential of generating 120,000 GWh/year of electricity from oil , gas and manufacturing industries, while automobiles can contribute upto 15,900 GWh/year. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can be employed to capture some of this otherwise wasted heat and to convert this heat into useful electrical energy. This field of research as compared to gas turbine industry has emerged recently over past 30 decades. Researchers have shown that efficiency of these TEGs modules can be improved by integrating heat transfer augmentation features on the hot side of these modules. Gas turbines employ advanced technologies for internal and external cooling. These technologies have applications over wide range of applications, one of which is thermoelectricity. Hence, making use of gas turbine technologies in thermoelectrics would surely improve the efficiency of existing TEGs. This study makes an effort to develop innovative technologies for gas turbine as well as thermoelectric applications. The first part of the study analyzes heat transfer augmentation from four different configurations for low aspect ratio channels and the second part deal with characterizing improvement in efficiency of TEGs due to the heat transfer augmentation techniques. / Master of Science