Existing residential and small commercial buildings now represent the greatest opportunity to improve building energy efficiency. Building energy simulation analysis is becoming increasingly important because the analysis results can assist the decision makers to make decisions on improving building energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. However, manually measuring as-is conditions of building envelops including geometry and thermal value is still a labor-intensive, costly, and slow process. Thus, the primary objective of this research was to automatically collect and extract the as-is geometry and thermal data of the building envelope components and create a gbXML-based building geometry model. In the proposed methodology, a rapid and low-cost data collection hardware system was designed by integrating 3D laser scanners and an infrared (IR) camera. Secondly, several algorithms were created to automatically recognize various components of building envelope as objects from collected raw data. The extracted 3D semantic geometric model was then automatically saved as an industry standard file format for data interoperability. The feasibility of the proposed method was validated through three case studies. The contributions of this research include 1) a customized low-cost hybrid data collection system development to fuse various data into a thermal point cloud; 2) an automatic method of extracting building envelope components and its geometry data to generate gbXML-based building geometry model. The broader impacts of this research are that it could offer a new way to collect as is building data without impeding occupants’ daily life, and provide an easier way for laypeople to understand the energy performance of their buildings via 3D thermal point cloud visualization.

This thesis concerns the computation of bed adjustments of equilibrium in alluvial meandering streams. It is assumed that the channel centerlines follow sine-generated curves, the banks are rigid, and the steady-state flow is turbulent and sub-critical. The flow width is assumed to remain constant in the streamwise direction, and the flow width-to-depth ratio is large (>=15, say). The bed material is cohesionless and homogeneous. The purpose of the thesis is to develop and test a numerical model for the computation of bed development, given the aforementioned idealized conditions. The model comprises: 1- an initial bed topography generator, to generate the bed at time t = 0 of the calculations; 2- the vertically-averaged hydrodynamic model of Zhang (2007) to calculate the flow fields; and 3- a sediment transport model to relate the bed deformation to the flow. Both the initial bed topography generator (expression of the deformed bed surface) and the numerical sediment transport model based on the sediment transport continuity equation are original and developed entirely by the author. The resulting model is computationally very efficient. In contrast to previous works on the theoretical determination of bed deformation, the beds at the beginning of the calculations may represent any stage of the development process, and not necessarily the initial flat bed. The bed deformation was tested for several test cases, devised on the basis of laboratory runs available in the literature. These include Run ME-2 by Hasegawa (1983) in a 30-degree-channel, Run 3 by Binns (2006) in a 70-degree-channel and the run by Termini (1996) in a 110-degree-channel. The erosion/deposition patterns of the computed equilibrium bed topographies were found to be in reasonable agreement with their measured counterparts. However, as evidenced by the difference plots included in this thesis, in detail there are substantial differences between the computed and measured equilibrium beds, especially in the regions near the banks. As a by-product of the present thesis, the functions representing the parameters required by the hydrodynamic model of Zhang (2007) were also evaluated. In particular, the present results suggest that the coefficient Alpha-q appearing in the expression of the local friction factor (used in the flow model of Zhang 2007) depends on the flow width-to-depth ratio and bed roughness to a much larger extent than previously thought. Considering this, a generalization of the expression of Alpha-q due to El-Tahawy (2004) (and adopted by Zhang 2007 in her model) is proposed. Future work should be carried out to address the application of the present model to real river conditions, including generalizations to irregular meandering plan shapes, unsteady-state flows and non-homogenous bed materials. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-12-19 21:32:06.645

The thesis deals with definability of certain Zariski geometries, introduced by Zilber, in the theory of algebraically closed fields. I axiomatise a class of structures, called 'abstract linear spaces', which are a common reduct of these Zariski geometries. I then describe what an interpretation of an abstract linear space in an algebraically closed field looks like. I give a new proof that the structure "quantum harmonic oscillator", introduced by Zilber and Solanki, is not interpretable in an algebraically closed field. I prove that a similar structure from an unpublished note of Solanki is not definable in an algebraically closed field and explain the non-definability of both structures in terms of geometric interpretation of the group law on a Galois cohomology group H¹(k(x), μ_n). I further consider quantum Zariski geometries introduced by Zilber and give necessary and sufficient conditions that a quantum Zariski geometry be definable in an algebraically closed field. Finally, I take an attempt at extending the results described above to complex-analytic setting. I define what it means for quantum Zariski geometry to have a complex analytic model, an give a necessary and sufficient conditions for a smooth quantum Zariski geometry to have one. I then prove a theorem giving a partial description of an interpretation of an abstract linear space in the structure of compact complex spaces and discuss the difficulties that present themselves when one tries to understand interpretations of abstract linear spaces and quantum Zariski geometries in the compact complex spaces structure.

In 2020 Parusiński and Rond proved that every algebraic set X ⊂ R^n is homeomorphic to an algebraic set X’ ⊂ R^n which is described globally (and also locally) by polynomial equations whose coefficients are real algebraic numbers. In general, the following problem was widely open: Open Problem. Is every real algebraic set homeomorphic to a real algebraic set defined by polynomial equations with rational coefficients? The aim of my PhD thesis is to provide classes of real algebraic sets that positively answer to above Open Problem. In Chapter 1 I introduce a new theory of real and complex algebraic geometry over subfields recently developed by Fernando and Ghiloni. In particular, the main notion to outline is the so called R|Q-regularity of points of a Q-algebraic set X ⊂ R^n. This definition suggests a natural notion of a Q-nonsingular Q-algebraic set X ⊂ R^n. The study of Q-nonsingular Q-algebraic sets is the main topic of Chapter 2. Then, in Chapter 3 I introduce Q-algebraic approximation techniques a là Akbulut-King developed in collaboration with Ghiloni and the main consequences we proved, that are, versions ‘over Q’ of the classical and the relative Nash-Tognoli theorems. Last results can be found in in Chapters 3 & 4, respectively. In particular, we obtained a positive answer to above Open Problem in the case of compact nonsingular algebraic sets. Then, after extending ‘over Q’ the Akbulut-King blowing down lemma, we are in position to give a complete positive answer to above Open Problem also in the case of compact algebraic sets with isolated singularities in Chapter 4. After algebraic Alexandroff compactification, we obtained a positive answer also in the case of non-compact algebraic sets with isolated singularities. Other related topics are investigated in Chapter 4 such as the existence of Q-nonsingular Q-algebraic models of Nash manifolds over every real closed field and an answer to the Q-algebrization problem for germs of an isolated algebraic singularity. Appendices A & B contain results on Nash approximation and an evenness criterion for the degree of global smoothings of subanalytic sets, respectively.

Submitted Diploma thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of deformation proximal end of femur with applied total hip joint endoprosthesis (replacement) – shortcut type. To identify deformation and tensity (stress) was used computational simulation by method of final elements. Have been created two computational models TEP- type Santori and type DePuy Proxima. Geometry model Santori was created on low level model geometry through the use of X-ray photograph. Principle of geometry model type DePuy Proxima was real Femoral stem endoprosthesis which was scanned on scanner ATOS. Geometry of both these replacements were set up in program Rhinoceros 4.0 and then execute in program CatiaV5R17. Data for geometry model of femur were gained from CT chains. Material model of femur have been crated in two variants. The first one looks at structure bone tissues and the second one were created by Gruen´s zones. Femoral Stem was weighted by static equivalent resultant force acting in hip joint. Computational model of system and self solution, including depiction results, was done by ANSYS Workbench 11.0 for four model variants.

The Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) has been studied. A suitable machine vector modelhas been derived. The influence of the major parameters on the motor performance has beentheoretically determined.Due to the complex rotor geometry in the SynRM, a suitable and simple combined theoretical(analytical) and finite element method has been developed to overcome the high number ofinvolved parameters by identifying some classified, meaningful, macroscopic parameters.Reducing the number of parameters effectively was one of the main goals. For this purpose,attempt has been made to find and classify different parameters and variables, based on availableliteratures and studies. Thus a literature study has been conducted to find all useful ideas andconcepts regarding the SynRM. The findings have been used to develop a simple, general, finiteelement aided and fast rotor design procedure. By this method rotor design can be suitablyachieved by related and simplified finite element sensitivity analysis.The procedure have been tested and confirmed. Then it is used to optimize a special rotor for aparticular induction machine (IM) stator. This optimization is mainly focused on the torquemaximization for a certain current. Torque ripple is also minimized to a practically acceptablevalue. The procedure can also be used to optimize the rotor geometry by considering the othermachine performance parameters as constrains.Finally full geometrical parameter sensitivity analysis is also done to investigate the influence ofthe main involved design parameters on the machine performance.Some main characteristics like magnetization inductances, power factor, efficiency, overloadcapacity, iron losses, torque and torque ripple are calculated for the final designs and in differentmachine load conditions.Effects of ribs, air gap length and number of barriers have been investigated by means of suitableFEM based method sensitivity analysis.