The forest industry has become more complex due in part to increasing global competition. The highly fragmented nature of the forest industry supply chain and lack of interaction between industry segments can cause major supply/demand inequalities. This fragmented nature can lead to unnecessary lead time and costly inefficiencies for business transactions. The objective of this research project is to develop the concept of using an Internet-based, Geographic Information System (GIS)-supported, optimized wood supply chain management system to overcome some of the current inefficiency problems. Currently many different forms of relevant supply chain management information can be found on the World Wide Web. Through review of Internet-related material, this project identified three classes of existing web resources relevant to the development of a forest industry supply chain management system: resource, market, and e-commerce sites. Internet information provides many of the basic data attributes needed in a supply chain management system. This project demonstrated that linking this data with geographic/spatial location (georeferencing) could add an extra dimension in the planning and decision making processes and will be a key development to push the boundaries of supply chain optimization. Within the forest industry, georeferencing of supply chain business entities can easily be done with GIS. Using GIS, members of the forest industry supply chain can be visually and spatially allocated to form a grand forest industry supply chain overview and specific business opportunities using this geo-referenced data platform can be developed. Although the technology exists to produce a high quality Internet-based supply chain network system, there are challenges in producing a system that is truly integrated among all industry partners. Technology obstacles, anti-trust regulation, reluctance to use the online platforms, and inaccurate information input and dispersal are some of the major issues facing a supply chain management tool that are discussed in this report. To demonstrate how a GIS-based supply chain management system could be implemented, three case studies have been presented to show how the proposed system would benefit the current industry in realistic situations. These include (1) a simple location-based search of consulting foresters, (2) a trucking logistic optimization, and (3) a quantitative resource assessment within a manufacturing facility procurement area. Case 1 demonstrates how geocoded landowner and consulting forester information can add efficiency in communication and services provided. Case 2 demonstrates that GIS paired with geocoded information gives a logger increased decision-making power by choosing the most profitable option in a choice between sawmills that includes transportation costs. Lastly, case 3 shows that by analyzing geocoded resource information, a manufacturer can make the proper decision of whether to expand or contract operations. In each case, added value was given to market players that were able to have analysis power through geocoded information. This information is not readily used at the present time and could potentially add value along many steps of the forest industry supply chain. / Master of Science

Abstract This project describes the development of a river habitat map of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO NRRA) using GPS-based video mapping and image georeferencing techniques. The Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and major tributaries have been floated and mapped with GPS, sonar, and georeferenced under and above water video cameras. Video footage is interpreted for physical bedforms and compiled in an ArcGIS attribute table that can be queried for species specific habitat location. Underwater video mapping system (UVMS) bedform data includes river characteristic (pool, riffle, run), substrate (bedrock, fines/sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder), embeddedness, sonar depth, rugosity, and sinuosity. The Clear Fork River and New River (3rd order streams), White Oak Creek and North White Oak Creek (2nd order streams), and the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River, a 4th order stream are compared based on the EPA Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Relationships between bedform parameters are evident in UVMS data, and large boulder substrate was predicted with 67% accuracy based on sonar depth and river characteristic. The rugosity metric can indicate the location of other habitat characteristics, such as large woody debris and riverbed drop-offs. Embeddedness distribution was modeled using SAS based on UVMS data. The linear, quadratic, and non-linear models poorly fit the embeddedness distribution, with R-squared values of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.33 respectively. Traditional river habitat assessment methods vary in scale from stream length categorization based on satellite imagery and topographic maps (kilometer resolution), to aquatic microhabitat inventory by biologists (0.1 m resolution). Typically, reach scale (10 m resolution) and mesoscale (1 m resolution) studies are limited by accessibility and man-hours in the field. The underwater video mapping system (UVMS) allows for stream scale habitat quantification with mesoscale resolution. Kayak or canoe based UVMS can map river habitat inaccessible from land. Georeferenced river characteristic and substrate video can be evaluated by biologists in the lab, reducing time and labor required for field studies. One limitation of UVMS is that underwater bedform data is recorded only in the thalweg, the deepest continuous line along a watercourse.

AbstractThis project describes the development of a river habitat map of the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (BISO NRRA) using GPS-based video mapping and image georeferencing techniques. The Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and major tributaries have been floated and mapped with GPS, sonar, and georeferenced under and above water video cameras. Video footage is interpreted for physical bedforms and compiled in an ArcGIS attribute table that can be queried for species specific habitat location.Underwater video mapping system (UVMS) bedform data includes river characteristic (pool, riffle, run), substrate (bedrock, fines/sand, gravel, cobble, and boulder), embeddedness, sonar depth, rugosity, and sinuosity. The Clear Fork River and New River (3rd order streams), White Oak Creek and North White Oak Creek (2nd order streams), and the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River, a 4th order stream are compared based on the EPA Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI).Relationships between bedform parameters are evident in UVMS data, and large boulder substrate was predicted with 67% accuracy based on sonar depth and river characteristic. The rugosity metric can indicate the location of other habitat characteristics, such as large woody debris and riverbed drop-offs. Embeddedness distribution was modeled using SAS based on UVMS data. The linear, quadratic, and non-linear models poorly fit the embeddedness distribution, with R-squared values of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.33 respectively.Traditional river habitat assessment methods vary in scale from stream length categorization based on satellite imagery and topographic maps (kilometer resolution), to aquatic microhabitat inventory by biologists (0.1 m resolution). Typically, reach scale (10 m resolution) and mesoscale (1 m resolution) studies are limited by accessibility and man-hours in the field. The underwater video mapping system (UVMS) allows for stream scale habitat quantification with mesoscale resolution. Kayak or canoe based UVMS can map river habitat inaccessible from land. Georeferenced river characteristic and substrate video can be evaluated by biologists in the lab, reducing time and labor required for field studies. One limitation of UVMS is that underwater bedform data is recorded only in the thalweg, the deepest continuous line along a watercourse.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ground-based mobile mine survey radars are much more common now than they were a few years ago. Their ever growing popularity instigated the need for streamlining their operating procedures. One such a procedure is that of georeferencing the radar within the mine coordinate frame. Mine surveying radars have traditionally been georeferenced using a triangulation technique called survey resectioning, a time consuming process where both models are placed within the common coordinate frame by tying the models together with known targets or beacons. Survey resectioning requires surveying knowledge as well as access to a theodolite, an expensive high precision optical instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles to the known targets. It is also sometimes necessary for this procedure to be performed in extreme weather conditions. Due to the limitations mentioned, this alignment method is not always practical or accurate if not performed correctly by the operator. In this thesis we investigate a new georeferencing scheme for ground-based mobile mine surveying radar, using a software-implementable three-dimensional model alignment. The scheme considers alignment complexity of four degrees of freedom and requires only an estimated radar position for complete convergence. The new scheme is tested on data previously georeferenced using the existing method. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gewildheid van grondgebaseerde mobiele myn-radars is vinnig wˆereldwyd aan die toeneem. Hulle word veral in oopgroef-myne aangetref. Hierdie snelgroeiende gewildheid het dit genoodsaak om hul roetiene-gebruiksprosedures te vereenvoudig. ’n Voorbeeld van ’n vereenvoudigde prosedure is om die radar makliker binne die myn-ko¨ordinaatstelsel te posisioneer. Dit is van uiterste belang dat hierdie prosedure so vinnig en akkuraat as moontlik moet geskied. Voorheen is hierdie radar-eenhede deur middel van ’n omslagtige driehoeksmetingstegniek geposisioneer (dikwels in ongunstige weersomstandighede). Hierdie tegniek (genoem landmetingskorrelasie), is ’n proses waar die radar-eenheid in die myn se ko¨ordinaatstelsel geposisioneer word deur middel van bekende punte of bakens. Landmetingskorrelasie vereis boonop van die gebruiker om landmetingskennis te hˆe asook om duur en ingewikkelde toerusting soos ’n teodoliet te gebruik. ’n Teodoliet word algemeen gebruik vir die opmeting van horisontale- en vertikale hoeke na bekende punte. Bogenoemde beperkinge van landmetingskorrelasie het tot gevolg dat die moontlikheid van verkeerde posisionering bestaan indien die oprerateur onervare is. Die proses kan ook lank neem. In hierdie studie word ’n nuwe radarposisioneringsproses ondersoek wat deur middel van drie-dimensionele modelbelyning geimplementeer word as ’n rekenaarprogram. Die proses neem vier grade van vryheid in ag, en benodig slegs ’n benaderde posisie van die radar-eenheid vir konvergensie. Die nuwe proses is getoets op bestaande data wat deur middel van die landmetingskorrelasie-metode belyn was.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 reis_tt_me_prud.pdf: 8696319 bytes, checksum: 98f2b10bd3ca5f67922545f0caa66ebc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Engemap - Engenharia Sa. / Atualmente, sensores de posição e orientação podem ser adquiridos e integrados com um custo relativamente baixo, fornecendo resultados promissores em aplicações como o mapeamento. Neste contexto, câmaras digitais de pequeno e médio formato proporcionam novos horizontes aos processos de mapeamento, devido às diversas vantagens sobre sistemas convencionais, como custo reduzido, pequenas dimensões, menor peso e fácil manejo. Mas, fatores como estabilidade geométrica e resolução dos sensores ainda podem se tornar limitantes para determinadas aplicações, devendo ser observados e corrigidos nos processos de produção. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo e implementação de hardware e software para permitir o sincronismo entre o receptor GPS e câmaras digitais para aplicações de mapeamento. O sincronismo baseou-se no uso do sistema operacional Linux com modificações em seu núcleo, juntamente com o software NTP, responsável por sincronizar o relógio do computador usando uma referência de tempo externa, no caso o PPS de um receptor GPS. A validação foi realizada comparando-se diretamente os instantes registrados pelo sistema comercial SPAN-CPT e a técnica proposta neste trabalho. Além disto, os Centros Perspectivos determinados pelas técnicas implementadas foram usados em experimentos com fototriangulação de um bloco de imagens, possibilitando a análise das discrepâncias da fototriangulação nos pontos de verificação. O resultado do sincronismo apresentou pequenas discrepâncias em relação ao sistema comercial, implicando na determinação das coordenadas dos CPs com boa qualidade, permitindo seu uso em mapeamento e em outras aplicações. / Currently, position and orientation sensors can be acquired and integrated with affordable costs, providing valuable results in mapping applications. In this context, small and medium format digital cameras are offering new horizons in mapping processes, due to several advantages when compared to conventional systems, like: low cost, low size, less weight and easy of handling. However, its internal stability and resolutions can limit use in some applications. This work aims at the study and implementation of hardware and software components for synchronization of a GPS receiver and digital cameras for mapping applications. Synchronization was based on Linux operational system with a modified kernel, and NTP software, used to synchronize computer time with the GPS reference time, through the 1 PPS pulse. The validation of the implemented system was done by comparing directly the recorded events from a commercial navigation system (SPAN-CPT) and from the proposed techniques. Furthermore, the PC coordinate determined by these techniques were used in an aerial triangulation, enabling the analysis of discrepancies in the checkpoints. The result of the synchronization showed small discrepancies with the commercial system, resulting in the determination of the PC coordinates with good quality, enabling its use in mapping and several other applications.

Orientador: Antonio Maria Garcia Tommaselli / Resumo: Com a disponibilidade de câmaras digitais, dados de posicionamento por satélites (GPS) e sistemas inerciais (INS), tornaram-se possíveis novas aplicações que envolvem a obtenção de produtos cartográficos em quase tempo real (após o processamento dos dados coletados em vôo), como o monitoramento de desastres ambientais. Tais aplicações necessitam de informações georreferenciadas com características de rapidez e confiabilidade, que podem ser obtidas pela técnica fotogramétrica digital, apoiada pelos sensores que fornecem a orientação direta da câmara. Em geral, os parâmetros fornecidos pelos sensores de orientação utilizados para mapeamento não possuem a acurácia necessária para eliminar totalmente a paralaxe vertical do modelo e, por conseguinte, a visualização estereoscópica da cena fica prejudicada. Para resolver este problema, propôs-se uma metodologia que é baseada na compatibilização dos parâmetros de orientação direta (GPS + INS), mediante um modelo de coplanaridade modificado, num ajustamento pelo método dos Mínimos Quadrados. Os valores observados correspondem a pontos homólogos medidos automaticamente no modelo por técnicas de correlação por área. Após o refinamento dos parâmetros de orientação exterior (OE), as imagens são normalizadas por meio de uma reamostragem epipolar, com intuito de proporcionar uma melhor visualização estereoscópica da cena e auxiliar o processo de geração automática de Modelos Digitais de Terreno. Neste sentido, módulos computacionais foram desenvolvidos em linguagem C++ para a geração totalmente automática de estereomodelos em quase tempo real. Experimentos com dados simulados e reais foram conduzidos, na ordem de verificar a eficácia da metodologia com respeito a eliminação da paralaxe vertical do modelo e a acurácia das coordenadas no espaço objeto calculadas por intersecção...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With the availability of digital cameras, satellite positioning systems (GPS) and inertial navigation systems (INS), new applications such as fast cartography and real time environmental monitoring became feasible. Such applications require georeferenced information with characteristics of speed and reliability that can be obtained by digital photogrammetry, using additional data from sensors of direct orientation. Generally, the parameters supplied by the sensors are under the required accuracy to elimine the vertical parallax in the model. To solve this problem, the methodology proposed in this project is based on the reprocessing of the parameters of orientation supplied by the sensors, using a modified coplanarity model. The observations are the images coordinates automatically measured in each image using an area-based correspondence method. After the EO parameters refinement, using the modified coplanarity model, the images are normalized through an epipolar resampling, in order to provide a confortable stereoscopic visualization of the model, since vertical parallax is eliminated, and to facilitate the process of automatic Digital Terrain Model generation. In order to test the proposed approach, computational programs were developed in C++ language, enabling the full automatic generation of estereomodelos in almost real time. Experiments with simulated and real data were performed, in order to verify the performance of the method with respect to y-parallax elimination and accuracy of reconstructed object space coordinates. These experiments are presented and discussed showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach for automatic generation of stereo models. / Mestre

Die Digitalisierung der Verwaltung in Deutschland schreitet seit Jahren in der öffentlichen Verwaltung voran. Darauf aufbauend erwachsen neue Möglichkeiten, die Potentiale der Nutzung von raumreferenzierten Fachdaten in der Verwaltungspraxis zu nutzen. Die Ergebnisse einer eigenen Befragung auf Ebene der Kreise und kreisfreien Städte sowie der Landesbehörden zeigen auf, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen die Nutzung von Geodaten erfolgt, wie dessen technische Ausgestaltung beschrieben werden kann und welche künftigen Potenziale und Hindernisse einer Nutzung von Geodaten im öffentlichen Verwaltungshandeln gegenüberstehen. / The digitization of public administration in Germany has been proceeding for years. Based on this, new possibilities arise to use the potentials of the utilization of geospatial data in the administrative practice. The results of a survey conducted at the level of the districts and district-free cities as well as the state authorities show the general conditions under which geodata are used, how their technical design can be described and which future potentials and challenges exist with regard to the application of geodata in public administration.

Neste trabalho foram pesquisados os métodos e procedimentos utilizados na execução de obras das redes subterrâneas da infra-estrutura urbana, desde a demarcação até a elaboração da planta do levantamento de como construído. Os equipamentos utilizados na execução de obras, tanto os não destrutivos, como os destrutivos e aqueles de localização de dutos e cabos enterrados. São também apresentados e detalhados os procedimentos à luz das normas técnicas, para o devido georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura subterrânea. Foram inclusive analisados os resultados obtidos para o posicionamento das redes, conforme apresenta o estudo de casos, em obras com a utilização de equipamentos para a localização de cabos e dutos enterrados. Finalmente são sugeridas propostas para o georreferenciamento das redes de infra-estrutura urbana com a finalidade de constituição de um cadastro único. / This study investigates the methods and procedures used in the urban infrastructure underground network, from the demarcation to the production of the as-built survey plant. The equipments used in the execution of services, as far as non destructive, destructive as well as in the localization of underground pipe and cables are concerned, are presented and the procedures are detailed for underground infrastructure network georeferencing, considering the standard norms. The results of the network positioning with the utilization of equipments for underground pipes and cables equipments are analysed, as shown in the case study. Finally, proposals for the urban underground network georeferencing are presented in order to build a unique cadastre.

Orientador: James Ventirini / Resumo: A esporotricose é uma infecção fúngica granulomatosa crônica, subcutânea ou sistêmica, causada por fungos do gênero Sporothrix, que afeta principalmente homens e animais, em especial os gatos. São fungos dimórficos e saprófitos, encontrados em solos e vegetações. Por essa característica, foi considerada uma doença ocupacional e de perfil fortemente rural. Atualmente, é considerada uma doença presente em centros urbanos e diversos municípios brasileiros têm vivenciado epidemias de esporotricose devido à transmissão zoonótica por felinos. Ausências de conhecimento sobre a ocorrência da doença, diagnóstico precoce, vigilância em saúde, programas educacionais e tratamento adequado favorecem a disseminação do fungo e são responsáveis pelos surtos e epidemias em humanos. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos e de georreferenciamento referente à incidência de esporotricose de pacientes residentes na região de Bauru, São Paulo e atendidos no Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru-SP. Para tanto, foram coletados dados de prontuários de 43 pacientes com o diagnóstico confirmado de esporotricose entre os anos de 1996 a 2016. Os dados foram processados e analisados utilizando os softwares EpiInfo, SSPS e QGIS. Os resultados revelaram ao longo do período estudado não houve alteração significativa de número de casos anuais. Foi observada distribuição semelhante de casos de esporotricose por exposição animal e ambiental. A análise de georreferenciamento d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Sporotrichosis is a chronic, subcutaneous or systemic granulomatous fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Sporothrix, which mainly affects men and animals, especially cats. They are dimorphic and saprophytic fungi found in soils and vegetation. Due to this characteristic, it was considered an occupational disease with a strongly rural profile. Currently, it is present in urban centers and several Brazilian metropolitan areas have experienced epidemic outbreaks due to zoonotic transmission by felines. Lack of knowledge about the occurrence of the disease, early diagnosis, health surveillance, educational programs and adequate treatment favor the spread of the fungus and it is responsible for outbreaks and epidemics in humans and animals. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate epidemiological and georeferencing aspects related to the incidence of sporotrichosis of patients living in the region of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. For this, data from medical records of 43 patients admitted at the Lauro de Souza Lima, Institute, Bauru, SP, Brazil with confirmed diagnosis of sporotrichosis were collected between 1996 and 2016. Data were processed and analyzed using EpiInfo, SSPS and QGIS software. The results revealed that no significant change in the number of annual cases was observed. Similar distribution of animal and environmental exposure was also observed. Georeferencing analysis showed cases of environmental exposure in urban areas associated to remaining areas of veget... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as mediações comunicativas da cultura que envolvem as inter-relações entre marcas e seus públicos interagentes em seus circuitos comunicacionais, assim como o processo de midiatização decorrente dessas relações. O sistema publicitário se adaptou às novas tecnicidades da sociedade contemporânea, somando à tradicional técnica da propaganda dispositivos promocionais que visam estabelecer vínculos com seus públicos interagentes por meio do estimulo à participação, interação e colaboração. Esse panorama reflete a mudança de enfoque de processos comunicacionais unilaterais, baseados na emissão de mensagens, para processos interacionais estabelecidos com o suporte de tecnicidades que permitem a produção de conteúdo e sua difusão em redes de informação, estimulando a interação entre marca e públicos em um processo comunicacional baseado na perspectiva da circulação da informação por circuitos comunicacionais. A tese analisa circuitos comunicacionais entre marcas e públicos a partir do uso de aplicativos dotados da tecnicidade do georreferenciamento como um recorte metodológico para demonstração das interações entre circuitos físicos e digitais de comunicação entre consumidores e marcas. Os circuitos físicos de consumo cultural de marca são analisados pela abordagem teórica da perspectiva da antropologia urbana de Magnani (1999) e pela óptica da teoria das mediações segundo Martín-Barbero (2010, 2001) e sob a perspectiva da midiatização em sua vertente nórdica segundo Hjarvard (2013), Hepp (2011) e pela visão latino-americana de Braga (2006), Fausto Neto (2010) e Trindade e Perez (2014); os circuitos digitais são analisados com base na noção de publicização de Casaqui (2011), assim como nas visões sobre compartilhamento e engajamento por Castells (2003), Saad Correa (2010), Recuero (2008), Ugarte (2008), Jenkins, Ford e Green (2014) e Terra (2011). O estudo resulta em um protocolo de análise de circuitos comunicacionais estabelecidos sob a mediação de lógicas de produção de marcas e táticas de recepção de consumidores em constante negociação. / This study aims to analyze culture communicative mediations that involves interrelationships between brands and interactor public in their communication circuits, as well as mediatization proceedings arising from these relations. Advertising system has adapted to new technicalities of contemporary society, adding to traditional technique of advertising some promotional devices that aim to establish links with their interactor public through stimulus to participation, interaction and collaboration. This situation reflects focus changes from unilateral communication processes based on message sending to interactional processes established by support of technicalities that enable content production and its distribution in information networks that stimulates interaction between brand and public in a communication process based on the perspective of information circulation on communication circuits. Thesis analyzes communication circuits between brands and public from use of georeferencing technicality provided mobile apps as a methodological cut to demonstration of interactions between physical and digital consumer-brands communication circuits. Brand cultural consumption physical circuits are analyzed by theoretical approach from Magnani´s (1999) urban anthropology perspective and Martin-Barbero´s (2010, 2001) mediation theory view and from mediatization theory by Hjarvard (2013) and Hepp´s (2011) northern perspective and latin american perspective of Braga (2006), Fausto Neto (2010) and Trinidad and Perez (2014). Digital circuits are analyzed by Casaqui´s (2011) notion of publicization perspective as well as views of sharing and engagement by perspective of Castells (2003), Saad Correa (2010), Recuero (2008), Ugarte (2008), Jenkins, Ford and Green (2014) and Terra (2011). The study results in analysis protocol of communication circuit established under mediation between brand production logics and consumer reception tactics in a constant negotiation.