This thesis focuses specifically on what was taught in schools in South Australia in the context of art and design education. The period covered by the study extends from the 1880s, when a Central Educational Authority was established in South Australia, to the late 1920s, when significant changes to art and design philosophies and course designs became identifiable. The nature and content of the art and design courses designed and used in South Australia is examined against an historical background of influences such as the South Kensington System of drawing and that devised by Walter Smith for the Massachusetts educational system in the United States of America. The significant contribution of Harry Pelling Gill to the teaching of art and design in schools is closely examined. It is posited that his single influence affected the teaching of art and design in South Australian schools until well into the twentieth century. The process of the study looks in detail at the overall philosophies behind the teaching of art and design, the methodologies employed and the classroom practice which pupils and teachers undertook in the pursuit of courses outlined. Issues such as methods of teacher training, correspondence courses, examinations and exhibitions are considered as these relate to the central theme of the study. The study concludes in the late 1920s, with the advent of a revised course of instruction for public elementary schools, which heralded significant changes in both the content and methodology of art and design teaching in South Australian schools.

Many chemicals present in the aquatic environment can interfere with physiological functions in fish. Exposure to chemicals can be revealed by the use of biomarkers. Induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity is a commonly used biomarker for exposure to CYP1A inducers such as dioxins and polyaromatic hyrdrocarbons. Vitellogenin is a frequently used biomarker for estrogenic compounds in various fish species whereas a biomarker for androgens, spiggin, is only found in sticklebacks. The main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate gill EROD activity as a biomarker and the three-spined stickleback as a model species in ecotoxicological studies. EROD activities were measured in gill, liver and kidney in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged in urban areas in Sweden. EROD induction was most pronounced in the gill. Also in fish caged at reference sites, with an expected low level of known CYP1A inducers, a marked gill EROD induction was found. One suggested inducer in rural waters is humic substances (HS). To evaluate the EROD-inducing capacity of HS, three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were exposed to HS of natural or synthetic origin. Both kinds of HS caused significant EROD induction. Gill EROD activities were also induced in sticklebacks exposed to ethynylestradiol (EE2) and β-naphthoflavone (βNF), alone and in combinations. Production of vitellogenin was induced in sticklebacks exposed to ≥50 ng EE2/l and a significant decrease in spiggin production was observed in individuals exposed to 170 ng EE2/l. Results from this thesis further strengthen the contention that gill EROD activity is a very sensitive biomarker for CYP1A inducers and that the stickleback is a suitable biomonitoring species, especially for exposure to CYP1A inducers. The finding that not only classical CYP1A inducers but also HS and high EE2 concentrations stimulate gill EROD activity is of significance for the interpretation of biomonitoring data.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-03T15:03:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4451269 bytes, checksum: f9b87e98dd454fb08074cecc188cc469 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-03T15:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4451269 bytes, checksum: f9b87e98dd454fb08074cecc188cc469 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sea turtles have a long history of human exploitation around the world who have contributed to the population decline of the species, along with other threats, especially the accidental capture by various types of fishing. Ethnobiological research can provide important information to understand the context of exploitation / interaction of these animals to people. The research was conducted with the localized fishing communities in the Penha Beach and Estuary Mamanguape River (ERM). Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and semi-structured and free interviews. The questionnaire elicited socioeconomic data on the fishing techniques used, the fishermen's knowledge about sea turtles, incidental capture of events involving these animals and a projective test, with illustrations of the species. Were prepared Local Ecological Knowledge Indicators (LEK) and Conservation Attitudes for fishermen. Our results show that the incidental capture of sea turtles is mainly related to gill net technique. In this technique, large nets catch more turtles accidentally. Recommendations to reduce the incidental capture and mortality of sea turtles are presented. Respondents fishermen recognize the different species of sea turtles that occur in the studied areas. The fishermen showed high ecological knowledge about sea turtles, demonstrated by high values in CEL indicator. The results show that knowledge is not evenly distributed among the fishermen of each community, there are experts in the field at each site. The Conservation Attitudes indicator showed a high predisposition to conservation in the two communities. Were also discussed food taboos, medicinal and traditional use of sea turtles. / Tartarugas marinhas tem longo histórico de exploração humana em todo o mundo, que têm contribuído para o declínio populacional das espécies, juntamente com outras ameaças, com destaque para a captura acidental por diversos tipos de pesca. Pesquisas etnobiológicas, como esta, podem fornecer informações importantes para compreender o contexto de exploração/interação desses animais com as pessoas. A pesquisa foi realizada junto às comunidades de pescadores localizadas na Praia da Penha e no Estuário do Rio Mamanguape (ERM). Os dados foram obtidos através de questionário estruturado e entrevistas semiestruturadas e livres. O questionário levantou dados socioeconômicos, sobre as técnicas de pesca utilizadas, o conhecimento dos pescadores sobre as tartarugas marinhas, eventos de captura incidental envolvendo esses animais e um teste projetivo, com ilustrações das espécies. Foram elaborados Indicadores de Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL) e de Atitudes de Conservação para os pescadores. Nossos resultados apontam que a captura acidental de tartarugas marinhas está relacionada principalmente à técnica de rede de espera. Nesta técnica, as redes de malha grande capturam mais tartarugas acidentalmente. São apresentadas recomendações para redução da captura incidental e mortalidade de tartarugas marinhas. Os pescadores entrevistados reconhecem as diferentes espécies de tartarugas marinhas que ocorrem nas áreas estudadas. Parte dos pescadores mostrou elevado conhecimento ecológico sobre tartarugas marinhas, demonstrado por valores elevados no Indicador de CEL. Os resultados mostram que o conhecimento não está uniformemente distribuído entre os pescadores de cada comunidade, há especialistas no assunto em cada local. O Indicador de Atitudes de Conservação mostrou uma alta predisposição para conservação nas duas comunidades. Foram discutidos ainda tabus alimentares, uso medicinal e artesanal de tartarugas marinhas.

A (Na+,K+)-ATPase presente no tecido branquial dos crustáceos osmorreguladores é um componente essencial do sistema de regulação iônica e osmótica e de excreção ativa de NH4 +. Dessa forma, a caracterização cinética da (Na+,K+)-ATPase branquial de Clibanarius vittatus pode fornecer dados importantes para a compreensão dos mecanismos bioquímicos desses processos. Nesse sentido, foram realizados ensaios cinéticos com a fração microsomal obtida do tecido branquial de C. vittatus. Os dados obtidos revelaram a presença de um único pico com atividade ATPase. Os dados obtidos a partir da hidrólise do substrato ATP revelaram a presença de dois sítios, um de alta afinidade que apresenta interação sítio-sítio (nH=1,9; K0,5= 63,8 ± 2,9 nM e V= 19,1 ± 0,8 U/mg) e outro de baixa afinidade, com características Michaelianas (nH=1,0; KM= 44,1 ± 2,6 mM e VM= 123,5 ± 6,1 U/mg). Além disso, foi observada interação do tipo sítio-sítio (nH= 1,8) para estimulação dos íons magnésio (V= 132,0 ± 5,3 U/mg e K0,5= 0,36 ± 0,02 mM). Por outro lado, as interações dos íons sódio (K0,5= 7,4 ± 0,4 mM), potássio (K0,5= 1,51 ± 0,05 mM) e amônio (K0,5= 4,5 ± 0,2 mM) obedeceram a uma cinética Michaeliana. Os dados obtidos mostraram que em condições saturantes de íons potássio, a atividade enzimática aumenta de maneira concentração-dependente quando na presença de íons amônio (V= 290,8 ± 14,4 U/mg e KM= 2,9 ± 0,1 mM). A presença da ouabaína no meio reacional acarretou 66% de inibição (KI= 117,3 ± 3,5 mM), indicando a presença de outras ATPases. A atividade K+-fosfatase, medida usando o substrato sintético PNFF revelou a presença de um único sítio de hidrólise (V= 47,4 ± 1,9 U/mg e KM= 1,0 ± 0,04 mM) com características Michaelianas (nH= 1,1). Entretanto, para os íons Mg2+ (nH= 2,6 e K0,5= 0,6 ± 0,1 mM), K+ (nH= 1,4 e K0,5= 3,7 ± 0,1 mM) e NH4 + (nH= 1,9 e K0,5= 19,3 ± 0,7 mM) foram observadas interações sítio-sítio. Em conjunto, os resultados cinéticos obtidos para a (Na+,K+)-ATPase branquial de C. vittatus, reforçam a possibilidade de que essa enzima contribui eficientemente com o mecanismo adaptativo desencadeado em resposta à exposição a altas concentrações externas de amônia. É importante ressaltar que o presente trabalho representa o primeiro estudo de caracterização cinética da enzima (Na+,K+)- ATPase no ermitão C. vittatus, um animal inserido em um microambiente constituído pela concha. Finalmente, este trabalho agrega informações relevantes relacionadas ao grupo dos Decapoda, em relação ao papel da (Na+,K+)-ATPase nos processos metabólicos e de osmorregulação nos crustáceos. / (Na+,K+)-ATPase is an essential component of osmotic and iono-regulatory system of crustacean gill and plays a relevant role in NH4 + excretion. Thus, the kinetic characterization of Clibanarius vittatus gill microsomal (Na+,K+)-ATPase, can provide crucial data to the understanding of osmoregulating and excretion processes of these animals in different environments, especially the shell microenvironment. In this way, kinetic assays were performed with gill microsomal fraction. The results showed a single protein peak with ATPase activity. The results from ATP hydrolysis revealed the presence of two different sites. One of them is related to the high-affinity with site-site interaction (nH=1.9; K0.5= 63.8 ± 2.9 nM and V= 19.1 ± 0.8 U/mg) and the other shows low-affinity, obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics (nH=1.0; KM= 44.1 ± 2.6 mM and VM= 123.5 ± 6.1 U/mg). Moreover, site-site interaction (nH= 1.8) was observed to the magnesium ions stimulation (V= 132.0 ± 5.3 U/mg and K0.5= 0.36 ± 0.02 mM). On the other hand, the stimulations of Na+ (K0.5= 7.4 ± 0.4 mM), K+ (K0.5= 1.51 ± 0.05 mM) and NH4 + (K0.5= 4.5 ± 0.2 mM), followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At saturating concentrations of potassium ions, the enzyme activity was increased in a dependent-concentration manner with increasing ammonium ions concentration (V= 290.8 ± 14.4 U/mg and KM= 2.9 ± 0.1 mM). Ouabain inhibited 66% of (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity (KI= 117.3 ± 3.5 mM) of the gill microsomal enzyme, indicating the presence of other ATPase activities. The K+-fosfatase activity was also measured using PNPP, a synthetic substrate. PNPP hydrolysis resulted in single site hydrolysis site, obeying the Michaelis-Menten kinetics (nH= 1.1). However, it was observed site-site interactions for Mg2+ (nH= 2.6; K0.5= 0.6 ± 0.1 mM), K+ (nH= 1.4; K0.5= 3.7 ± 0.1 mM) and NH4 + (nH= 1.9; K0.5= 19.3 ± 0.7 mM) ion estimulations. Taken together, these results provide important informations on the kinetic properties of gill (Na+,K+)-ATPase of C. vittatus, emphasizing the synergiistic stimulation induced by K+ and NH4 +, which appear to contribute to the efficient adaptive mechanism triggered by exposure of high external ammonia concentrations. It is important to emphasize that this is the first study on the kinetic properties of (Na+,K+)-ATPase enzyme of the hermit crab C. vittatus. Finally, this study provide information concerning the (Na+,K+)-ATPase role in the metabolic and osmoregulating mechanisms of this Decapoda group

Using the narrative imagery of Instagram and the cultural narrative of the Olympics, I explore the role of agency and autonomy in modern sport with a focus on the commercial and institutional arms of surfing. This project is an attempt to evaluate visual and cultural narrative from the perspective of a literary scholar and to root theory and philosophy in issues that go beyond scholarship and academics. In chapter one, I use sports sociologists Jennifer Hargreaves and Krista Comer as well as Jean Kilbourne and Rosalind Gill to illuminate and explore two surf-centric Instagram accounts, both of which imagine a story of surfing through a mostly visual medium. In chapter two, I turn to Elizabeth Grosz and Michel Foucault to help explore the institutionalized arm of surfing through its recent inclusion in the Olympic Games. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Des séquences d'impulsions radiofréquence régulièrement espacées telles que rencontrées en Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire peuvent être abordées par des algorithmes simples de type polynomial (transformée en Z). Une simplification supplémentaire est apportée par l'utilisation de spineurs pour caractériser les rotations. Une première application de la combinaison de ces deux outils est un algorithme de type effeuillage permettant la synthèse d'impulsions radiofréquence sélectives continues. Cet algorithme proposé originellement par l'auteur, a été utilisé depuis plusieurs années en IRM car permettant de s'affranchir facilement de la non linéarité des équations de Bloch. En plus d'une présentation nouvelle de cet algorithme, quelques détails d'implémentation non publiés et quelques compléments théoriques et conditions d'application sont donnés. Une rapide comparaison critique avec les algorithmes de type IST (Inverse Scattering Transform) est donnée.<br />On utilise ensuite les mêmes outils pour donner un modèle simplifié des séquences CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) et SSFP (Steady State Free Precession) . Pour cela on considère la rotation d'écho à écho et on explique la stabilisation naturelle des signaux par la dispersion de phase. Une caractérisation simplifiée mais d'usage assez large des processus de relaxation est obtenue. Un lien entre un algorithme polynomial de stabilisation des signaux de la séquence CPMG, et une version discrétisée du principe adiabatique est proposé. Ce principe d'adiabatisme un peu élargi est appliqué à la stabilisation des séquences SSFP .<br /> Enfin un dernier chapitre aborde une séquence non-CPMG, basée sur une modulation quadratique de la phase du train d'impulsions, qui permet de s'affranchir de la sensibilité à la phase initiale de la séquence CPMG. Il est montré qu'une modulation quadratique étant équivalente après un changement de repère à un système stationnaire, il suffit d'amener l'état du système dans un sous-espace de vecteurs propres bien choisis pour obtenir un équilibre dynamique qui, pour certaines valeurs du paramètre caractérisant la modulation quadratique, donne des signaux de même amplitude quelles que soient les conditions initiales. La sensibilité à la phase initiale de l'aimantation est ainsi annulée. <br />Cette séquence est illustrée par une application clinique à l'imagerie de diffusion, pour laquelle le moindre mouvement du patient entraîne une variation incontrôlée de la phase de l'aimantation initiale.<br />Dans la conclusion de la thèse les limitations des solutions proposées au long des chapitres sont mentionnées et quelques pistes possibles pour tenter de résoudre les problèmes restés ouverts sont proposées.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005

Thesis (Ph.D. (Zoology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005

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