With this research, we work towards the overall objective of being able to accurately simulate fiber orientation in complex flow geometries of composite fluids of industrial significance. The focus of this work is to understand the rheological behavior of these materials and its connection to fiber orientation as determined in simple shear flow. The work includes the development of a novel approach to characterizing the transient rheology; an experimental study of the relationship between the stress growth functions in startup of flow and the fiber orientation; a critical assessment of the limitations of current fiber suspension theory; and an approach to determining unambiguous model parameters by fitting. A key difference between the rheological studies performed in this work and others is the use of a cone-and-plate device combined with "donut" shaped samples (CP-D) to prevent boundary effects on the measurement. The conventional method for obtaining transient rheological data is to use parallel disk (PP) geometry set at a gap where the measurements are independent of disk spacing. However, this work suggests that the inhomogeneous velocity gradient imposed by the PP geometry induces excessive fiber-fiber contact contributing to exaggerated measurements of the stress growth functions. An experimental study of the transient rheological behavior of a 30 wt% short glass fiber-filled polybutylene terephthalate was performed using the CP-D. Stress growth measurements during startup of flow were performed in combination with direct measurement of the fiber orientation to determine the relationship between the transient rheology and the fiber microstructure. The well defined fiber orientation and rheological experiments allowed for a quantitative assessment of current fiber suspension theory. Comparison between the experimental fiber orientation and predictions based on Jeffery's equation and the Folgar-Tucker model show that the fiber orientation evolves much slower than predicted. In addition, the addition of a "slip" term improved the agreement between the predictions and experimental results. Predictions using the Lipscomb model coupled with the Folgar-Tucker model, with slip, were fit to the transient stresses to determine the feasibility of fitting unambiguous model parameters for a specific composite fluid. Model parameters determined by fitting at a shear rate of 6 s-1 allowed for reasonable predictions of the transient stresses in flow reversal experiments at all the shear rates tested. / Ph. D.

This study presents the experimental results of nine full-scale lap spliced glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete (RC) columns, and one additional reference steel-RC column with lap splices, under axial and cyclic-reversed loads. The test parameters included type of reinforcement, lap splice length of longitudinal reinforcement, transverse reinforcement spacing, and the effect of using steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). Test results indicated that a splice length of 60 times the diameter of the longitudinal column bar was adequate in transferring the full bond forces along the splice length and were able to maintain the lateral load carrying capacity when subjected to higher levels of axial loads and drift ratios. In addition, lap spliced GFRP-RC columns with closely spaced transverse reinforcement achieved high levels of deformability. Furthermore, the use of SFRC in columns with inadequate splice increased the peak lateral strength and the energy dissipation of the specimens. / February 2017

O uso de madeira laminada colada (MLC) em países da América do Norte e Europa é bastante difundido. No Brasil, apesar da técnica existir desde o século XX, a sua utilização é incipiente em relação à possibilidade de utilização desse produto. O desenvolvimento de produtos a partir de lâminas de madeira com pequenas dimensões se deve à necessidade de se eliminar defeitos nas peças estruturais, tais como nó e medula, os quais reduzem significativamente as características de resistência e elasticidade da peça, em comparação com a madeira sã. O aumento da resistência e da rigidez da viga de MLC pode ser conseguido por meio da classificação das lâminas, seguida de uma disposição adequada das mesmas. Outra maneira de se obter um aumento nas propriedades de rigidez e de resistência de elementos estruturais de MLC é a utilização de polímeros reforçados com fibras (PRF) na região mais tracionada da viga. Esta providência, além de melhorar as propriedades mecânicas do elemento estrutural, aumenta a confiabilidade em relação ao modo de ruptura. Dentro deste escopo, este trabalho procura estabelecer critérios para fabricação de vigas retas de MLC, sem e com reforço de fibras de vidro, a partir de informações obtidas na revisão bibliográfica, abordando aspectos relacionados à resistência da madeira (espécie e qualidade da madeira, quantidade de nós, inclinação das fibras em relação ao eixo longitudinal das peças, presença de medula), dimensões das lâminas, espaçamento mínimo entre emendas dentadas de uma mesma lâmina e posicionamento das emendas dentadas na viga, colagem e prensagem. Foi proposto um modelo numérico para cálculo do momento fletor resistente e da rigidez à flexão (EI) de vigas de MLC sem reforço e reforçadas com PRF. O modelo admite a validade da hipótese de distribuição linear de deformações ao longo da altura da viga, comportamento elásto-frágil-linear da madeira na tração paralela às fibras e bi-linear na compressão paralela às fibras. Este modelo foi implementado a um programa computacional que por meio de um processo interativo determina o valor do momento fletor resistente e da rigidez à flexão. Resultados experimentais obtidos por meio de ensaios em vigas de MLC reforçadas com fibra de vidro indicam a validade do modelo teórico proposto. Também foram realizados ensaios de delaminação para avaliar a eficiência dos adesivos Phenol-resorcinol e Epóxi AR-300 quando submetidos a variação de temperatura, umidade e pressão. Resultados obtidos indicaram a eficiência destes adesivos. / Glulam beam is used in countries of North America and Europe. In Brazil, the technique exists since the 20th Century, but its use is incipient in relation to the possibility of the product. The development of products that use wood with small dimensions is important to eliminate defects in the structural pieces, such as knot and marrow, which reduce the strength and stiffness of the piece. The increase of the strength and stiffness of the glulam beam can be achieved through the classification of the lumber, or by an appropriate disposition of the lumber. Another way to obtain an increase in the strength and stiffness of the glulam beam it is the use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). This way, besides improving the mechanical properties of the structural element, increases the reliability in relation to the rupture way. This work establish criteria for production of glulam beams, without and with reinforce of glass fiber, starting from information obtained in the bibliographical revision, approaching aspects related to the straight of the wood (species and quality of the wood, inclination of the fibers in relation to the longitudinal axis of the pieces, marrow presence), dimensions of the sheets, minimum spacing between bitten amendments of a same sheet and positioning of the jagged amendments in the beam. A numeric model for calculation of the straight moment and flexural stiffness (EI) of glulam beams was proposed. The model admits the validity of the hypothesis of lineal distribution of deformations along the height of the beam, elastic-fragile-lineal behavior of the wood in the parallel traction and bi-lineal in the parallel compression of the fibers. This model was implemented in a computer program that uses an interactive process to determine the value of the straight moment and of the flexural stiffness. Experimental results obtained indicate the validity of the theoretical model proposed. A test of delamination was done to evaluate the efficiency of the adhesives Phenol-resorcinol and Epoxy AR-300 when submitted to temperature, humidity and pressure variation. Results indicated the efficiency of these adhesives.

Tese de Mestrado Integrado. Mestrado em Engenharia Civil (Construções). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2013

A study to investigate the behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) anchors was conducted at the Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory as part of a project funded by the Texas Department of Transportation, Project number 0-6873. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of GFRP anchors by comparing their performance to that of anchors made from carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The findings of this research give insight into the advantages and disadvantages of using alternative materials in the design of FRP anchorage systems and provides a means for developing quality control procedures of GFRP anchors. Quantitative comparisons were made between results from beam tests that used GFRP anchors and the results from those that used CFRP anchors. It was found that specimens with GFRP anchors exhibited similar trends to specimens with CFRP anchors. Similarities were achieved in concrete cracking loads, strength capacities, and in some cases duration of force transfer, suggesting that GFRP anchors are equally as effective as CFRP anchors for strength development. However, material differences played a major role in the explanation of GFRP and CFRP behavior. Notable advantages in material handling was observed with the GFRP anchors since the fibers were found to be easier to bend as well as easier to install into drilled anchor holes. On the other hand, the lower tensile strength of GFRP presented a potential need for larger sized anchors to achieve the equivalent strength of a CFRP anchor. Finally, a pull-out failure mode was observed in GFRP anchors that had not been previously observed in CFRP anchors. It was suggested that the pull-out failure mode was a function of differences in deformation capacity between the two materials. However, little information regarding the cause of performance differences demonstrates the need for quality control tests for GFRP anchors. As a result, recommendations for further studies were made. / text

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mello_eb_dr_sjc.pdf: 10503590 bytes, checksum: 764b4c9324ebeaadc8f2b0d390004fa4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo ín vitro avaliou a influência da inclusão de fibras de vidro em resinas compostas lndiretas, visando confirmar a possibilidade de redução de sua espessura, sem prejuízo a resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade. Foram constituídos 18 grupos de três materiais restauradores, cada um com diferente padrão de polimerização (Artglass - Heraeus Kulzer; BelleGiass - KerrLab e Targis -lvoclar Vivadent), em três diferentes espessuras (1mm; 1,5mm e 2mm), sem ou com inclusão de fibras (Fibrex Medial, Angelus e Vectris, lvoclar Vlvadent), além de três grupos experimentais, de diferentes espessuras, associando Targis/Fibrex. Os corpos-de-prova (25x2x2mm) foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ac por 24h, e, após, submetidos a ensaio de flexão em máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL2000). Os resultados, analisados por ANOVA one-way e testes de Ounnet e Tukey (u=0,05), apontaram diferenças entre os materiais, com BelleGiass exibindo maiores médias de resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade, e, ainda, aumento significativo da resistência flexural em todos os materiais quando reforçados por fibras, sem benefício ao módulo de elasticidade. A fibra Fibrex foi superior à Vectris, sem diferença estatística. Em relação às espessuras, verificou-se que os espécimes de 1 mm, com reforço, exibiram comportamento semelhante aos de 2mm, sem retorço, com todos os materiais. Foi possível concluir que a inclusão de fibras de vidro propiciou aumento da resistência flexural dos materiais testados, sugerindo viabilidade da redução de desgaste dentário sem prejuízo às propriedades flexurais / The aim of thís in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of glass-fiber reínforcement on indirect composíte resins, to confírm the víabílity of thickness reduction with no damage of ffexural strength and elastic modulus. Eighteen groups (n=10) of three restoratíve materiais with different pofymerization patterns (Artglass- Heraeus-Heraeus Kulzer; BelleG/ass- KerrLab and Targis- /voclar Vivadent-Vivadent) and wíth three tickness (1mm, 1,5mm and 2mm) were constituted and half of them received glass-fiber reinforcement (Vectris, lvoclar Vivadent and Fibrex, Angelus). Therefore, three experimentais groups were constituted with Targis!Fibrex. The specimens (25x2x2mm) were stored in distilled water at 37'C for 24h and them submitted a three-poínt bend test on universal testing machine (EM/C DL2000). The statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons, a =. 05) of the resufts suggested differences ln polymerization patterns among the materiais with BelleGiass exihibiting greater flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM). The strength of Fibrex was slightly greater than Vectrís. There were no statistic dífferences. As for the thicknesses, the 1 mm reínforced-composites were similar in strength to the 2mm samples without g/ass-fiber reinforcement for ali materiais. Jt was concluded that the inc/usion of glass-fiber a!lowed greater FS of the tested materiais, suggesting the decreasíng of the dental wear with no damage to the flexural properties for avaliated indirect composite resíns

Orientador: José Roberto Rodrigues / Resumo: Este estudo ín vitro avaliou a influência da inclusão de fibras de vidro em resinas compostas lndiretas, visando confirmar a possibilidade de redução de sua espessura, sem prejuízo a resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade. Foram constituídos 18 grupos de três materiais restauradores, cada um com diferente padrão de polimerização (Artglass - Heraeus Kulzer; BelleGiass - KerrLab e Targis -lvoclar Vivadent), em três diferentes espessuras (1mm; 1,5mm e 2mm), sem ou com inclusão de fibras (Fibrex Medial, Angelus e Vectris, lvoclar Vlvadent), além de três grupos experimentais, de diferentes espessuras, associando Targis/Fibrex. Os corpos-de-prova (25x2x2mm) foram armazenados em água destilada a 37ac por 24h, e, após, submetidos a ensaio de flexão em máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL2000). Os resultados, analisados por ANOVA one-way e testes de Ounnet e Tukey (u=0,05), apontaram diferenças entre os materiais, com BelleGiass exibindo maiores médias de resistência flexural e módulo de elasticidade, e, ainda, aumento significativo da resistência flexural em todos os materiais quando reforçados por fibras, sem benefício ao módulo de elasticidade. A fibra Fibrex foi superior à Vectris, sem diferença estatística. Em relação às espessuras, verificou-se que os espécimes de 1 mm, com reforço, exibiram comportamento semelhante aos de 2mm, sem retorço, com todos os materiais. Foi possível concluir que a inclusão de fibras de vidro propiciou aumento da resistência flexural dos materiais testados, sugerindo viabilidade da redução de desgaste dentário sem prejuízo às propriedades flexurais / Abstract: The aim of thís in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of glass-fiber reínforcement on indirect composíte resins, to confírm the víabílity of thickness reduction with no damage of ffexural strength and elastic modulus. Eighteen groups (n=10) of three restoratíve materiais with different pofymerization patterns (Artglass- Heraeus-Heraeus Kulzer; BelleG/ass- KerrLab and Targis- /voclar Vivadent-Vivadent) and wíth three tickness (1mm, 1,5mm and 2mm) were constituted and half of them received glass-fiber reinforcement (Vectris, lvoclar Vivadent and Fibrex, Angelus). Therefore, three experimentais groups were constituted with Targis!Fibrex. The specimens (25x2x2mm) were stored in distilled water at 37"'C for 24h and them submitted a three-poínt bend test on universal testing machine (EM/C DL2000). The statistical analysis (One-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons, a =. 05) of the resufts suggested differences ln polymerization patterns among the materiais with BelleGiass exihibiting greater flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM). The strength of Fibrex was slightly greater than Vectrís. There were no statistic dífferences. As for the thicknesses, the 1 mm reínforced-composites were similar in strength to the 2mm samples without g/ass-fiber reinforcement for ali materiais. Jt was concluded that the inc/usion of glass-fiber a!lowed greater FS of the tested materiais, suggesting the decreasíng of the dental wear with no damage to the flexural properties for avaliated indirect composite resíns / Doutor

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Asadollah Esmaeily / Engineers involved in construction face various challenges. One of them being dealing with cracks in concrete. Naturally, concrete is weak in tension defining its bristle characteristics. To compensate, fiber reinforcement is used in the concrete mixes. Popular fiber types are steel, glass, polypropylene, and carbon fibers. These types of fibers are used to reinforce concrete. These fibers all increase the tensile and flexural strength of concrete. Additionally, they all have their own advantages. This paper is oriented to briefly introduce basic properties of these fibers. This includes the composition, production, advantages, applications, and restrictions of the mentioned fibers.