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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Uso do paclitaxel como potencializador da radioterapia em gliomas malignos cerebrais / Use of Paclitaxel to enhance the radiotherapy effects in the treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas

Montemor, José Paulo 08 December 2006 (has links)
O tratamento dos gliomas malignos cerebrais é um dos grandes desafios da medicina atualmente, pois, apesar do grande avanço no conhecimento destes tumores, o prognóstico de vida dos portadores desta doença é muito ruim. Foram estudados retrospectivamente 61 pacientes com diagnóstico de glioblastoma multiforme ou astrocitoma anaplásico, no período de 1998 a 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar o uso do Paclitaxel como potencializador do tratamento radioterápico destes tumores. Todos os pacientes foram tratados inicialmente com cirurgia para retirada ampla do volume tumoral (mínimo de 80%) seguido de tratamento com radioterapia fracionada e reforço com radiocirurgia estereotáxica. Em caso de crescimento tumoral, após o tratamento inicial dos pacientes com KPS > 70, novo tratamento cirúrgico e nova radiocirurgia foram indicados. Destes 61 pacientes, 32 receberam tratamento com Paclitaxel, na dose de 100mg/m2 e 29 pacientes não receberam nenhum tipo de quimioterápico. Os grupos foram comparados, em relação ao tipo histológico, faixa etária, sexo e localização tumoral, não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os mesmos. Os pacientes de ambos os grupos tiveram acompanhamento laboratorial antes, durante e após o tratamento com paclitaxel e foram acompanhados até o óbito causado pela doença. Foram excluídos do estudo os portadores de tumor que foram a óbito por outras causas. A análise dos resultados mostrou que não houve diferenças estatísticas em relação à sobrevida média do grupo tratado com Paclitaxel e o grupo sem o tratamento (p=1,000). Da mesma forma, a comparação entre os pacientes com glioblastomas (p=0,8933) e com astrocitomas anaplásicos (p=0,5920) de ambos os grupos não mostrou diferença estatística em relação à sobrevida. O número de craniotomias( p=0,5268) e o número de radiocirurgias (p=0,3666) foram semelhantes estatisticamente. Os estudos laboratoriais realizados durante o tratamento no grupo que recebeu o paclitaxel, não mostraram alterações que levassem à suspensão do tratamento. A análise dos resultados deste estudo permitiu concluir que o uso do paclitaxel, concomitante ao tratamento radioterápico dos gliomas malignos cerebrais, não mostrou nenhum ganho adicional na sobrevida dos pacientes portadores destes tumores e, pela análise da necessidade de novo tratamento durante o curso da doença, não potencializou os efeitos da radioterapia. Palavras-chave: Paclitaxel, gliomas malignos, radioterapia / Nowadays, the treatment of the malignant cerebral gliomas is one of the greatest challenges for neurosurgons. Despite of the advance regarding these tumors? knowledge expectance of life for these patients is very bad. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of paclitaxel to enhance the radiotherapy treatment in those tumors. Sixty-one patients with diagnosis for glioblastoma multiforme or anaplastic astrocytoma in the period of 1998 to 2002 were, retrospectively, studied. All patients were initially treated with surgery in order to remove a wide portion of the tumor?s volume (minimum of 80%). Then, the patients were treated with fractionated radiotherapy and reinforcement with stereotactic radiosurgery. If there was an increase in the tumor after the initial treatment, the patients with a KPS higher than 70 had new treatment with surgery as well as with radiosurgery. Among the 61 patients, 32 were treated with a 100 mg/m2 dose of paclitaxel, and 29 of then did not have any kind of chemotherapy treatment. Comparisons bettwen both regardhg to the histological type, age, gender and location of the tumor showed no differences . Patients of both groups had a laboratory follow-up before, during and after the treatment with paclitaxel. All of them were followed until their death, which was caused by the disease. Patients that died from other diseases were not included in the study. The analysis of the results indicated that there were no statistics differences regarding the mean survival time between the groups treated or nor treated with paclitaxel ( p=1,000). Likewise, a comparison between the glioblastomas (p=0,8933) and the anaplastic astrocytomas (p=0,5920) of both groups did not indicate any statistic difference regarding to the survival time. The was no statistic difference between the number of craniotomies (p=0,5268) as well as between the number of radiosurgeries. (p=0,3666). The laboratory studies held during the treatment of the group that received the paclitaxel did not show any changes which could lead to cease the treatment. Hence the results led to the conclusion that the treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas with paclitaxel and radiotherapy treatment at the same time did not give any additional gain in the patients?survival. Regarding to the demand for new treatment throughout the disease, there was no enhance of the radiotherapy effects with the Paclitaxel. Key words: Paclitaxel, malignant gliomas, radiotherapy.
2

Uso do paclitaxel como potencializador da radioterapia em gliomas malignos cerebrais / Use of Paclitaxel to enhance the radiotherapy effects in the treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas

José Paulo Montemor 08 December 2006 (has links)
O tratamento dos gliomas malignos cerebrais é um dos grandes desafios da medicina atualmente, pois, apesar do grande avanço no conhecimento destes tumores, o prognóstico de vida dos portadores desta doença é muito ruim. Foram estudados retrospectivamente 61 pacientes com diagnóstico de glioblastoma multiforme ou astrocitoma anaplásico, no período de 1998 a 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar o uso do Paclitaxel como potencializador do tratamento radioterápico destes tumores. Todos os pacientes foram tratados inicialmente com cirurgia para retirada ampla do volume tumoral (mínimo de 80%) seguido de tratamento com radioterapia fracionada e reforço com radiocirurgia estereotáxica. Em caso de crescimento tumoral, após o tratamento inicial dos pacientes com KPS > 70, novo tratamento cirúrgico e nova radiocirurgia foram indicados. Destes 61 pacientes, 32 receberam tratamento com Paclitaxel, na dose de 100mg/m2 e 29 pacientes não receberam nenhum tipo de quimioterápico. Os grupos foram comparados, em relação ao tipo histológico, faixa etária, sexo e localização tumoral, não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os mesmos. Os pacientes de ambos os grupos tiveram acompanhamento laboratorial antes, durante e após o tratamento com paclitaxel e foram acompanhados até o óbito causado pela doença. Foram excluídos do estudo os portadores de tumor que foram a óbito por outras causas. A análise dos resultados mostrou que não houve diferenças estatísticas em relação à sobrevida média do grupo tratado com Paclitaxel e o grupo sem o tratamento (p=1,000). Da mesma forma, a comparação entre os pacientes com glioblastomas (p=0,8933) e com astrocitomas anaplásicos (p=0,5920) de ambos os grupos não mostrou diferença estatística em relação à sobrevida. O número de craniotomias( p=0,5268) e o número de radiocirurgias (p=0,3666) foram semelhantes estatisticamente. Os estudos laboratoriais realizados durante o tratamento no grupo que recebeu o paclitaxel, não mostraram alterações que levassem à suspensão do tratamento. A análise dos resultados deste estudo permitiu concluir que o uso do paclitaxel, concomitante ao tratamento radioterápico dos gliomas malignos cerebrais, não mostrou nenhum ganho adicional na sobrevida dos pacientes portadores destes tumores e, pela análise da necessidade de novo tratamento durante o curso da doença, não potencializou os efeitos da radioterapia. Palavras-chave: Paclitaxel, gliomas malignos, radioterapia / Nowadays, the treatment of the malignant cerebral gliomas is one of the greatest challenges for neurosurgons. Despite of the advance regarding these tumors? knowledge expectance of life for these patients is very bad. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of paclitaxel to enhance the radiotherapy treatment in those tumors. Sixty-one patients with diagnosis for glioblastoma multiforme or anaplastic astrocytoma in the period of 1998 to 2002 were, retrospectively, studied. All patients were initially treated with surgery in order to remove a wide portion of the tumor?s volume (minimum of 80%). Then, the patients were treated with fractionated radiotherapy and reinforcement with stereotactic radiosurgery. If there was an increase in the tumor after the initial treatment, the patients with a KPS higher than 70 had new treatment with surgery as well as with radiosurgery. Among the 61 patients, 32 were treated with a 100 mg/m2 dose of paclitaxel, and 29 of then did not have any kind of chemotherapy treatment. Comparisons bettwen both regardhg to the histological type, age, gender and location of the tumor showed no differences . Patients of both groups had a laboratory follow-up before, during and after the treatment with paclitaxel. All of them were followed until their death, which was caused by the disease. Patients that died from other diseases were not included in the study. The analysis of the results indicated that there were no statistics differences regarding the mean survival time between the groups treated or nor treated with paclitaxel ( p=1,000). Likewise, a comparison between the glioblastomas (p=0,8933) and the anaplastic astrocytomas (p=0,5920) of both groups did not indicate any statistic difference regarding to the survival time. The was no statistic difference between the number of craniotomies (p=0,5268) as well as between the number of radiosurgeries. (p=0,3666). The laboratory studies held during the treatment of the group that received the paclitaxel did not show any changes which could lead to cease the treatment. Hence the results led to the conclusion that the treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas with paclitaxel and radiotherapy treatment at the same time did not give any additional gain in the patients?survival. Regarding to the demand for new treatment throughout the disease, there was no enhance of the radiotherapy effects with the Paclitaxel. Key words: Paclitaxel, malignant gliomas, radiotherapy.
3

Prospec??o farmacol?gica de compostos sint?ticos ?alkal?ides-like? para o tratamento de gliomas malignos

Oliveira, Mona das Neves 08 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-08-05T22:08:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Mona Oliveira vers?o final Maio2003 PPGbiotec.pdf: 4793209 bytes, checksum: 5e62150796f4527c8d492f92de5041e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T22:08:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Mona Oliveira vers?o final Maio2003 PPGbiotec.pdf: 4793209 bytes, checksum: 5e62150796f4527c8d492f92de5041e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-08 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive primary tumors of the CNS. The survival of patients with this diagnosis remains very low, with poor prognosis even after surgical therapy associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The present work carried out a screening for 24 synthetic ?alkaloid-like? to determine their effects on cell viability of quimioresistentes human (Gl-15 and U251) glioblastoma cells and murine (C6) glioma cells. Among the alkaloids tested (100?M) RLB87 was the most cytotoxic for transformed cells, inhibiting the viability in 75.0% 97.2% 76.6% of GL-15, U251 and C6 cells, respectively, after 72 h exposure, and it did not show toxicity to normal glial cells. It was also observed that RLB87 promoted apoptosis, 24 and 72 h after treatment, in a time-dependent manner. Moreover RLB87 also inhibited cell migration and proliferation with cells arrest at G0/G1 phase, since 24 h after treatment. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of four RLB87 analogues was tested in view to elucidate important aspects in chemical structure, required for its activity. We observed positive correlation between cytotoxic effect and isomeric of phenyl functions, with ester function and also lipophilicity. These finding suggest the ?alkaloid-like? RLB87 as a promising anticancer agent as well as a prototype for new agents for treatment of malignant and recurrent gliomas. / Glioblastomas (GBMs) s?o os tumores prim?rios mais comuns e agressivos do SNC. A sobrevida dos pacientes com esse diagn?stico continua muito baixa, tendo progn?stico ruim mesmo ap?s terapia cir?rgica seguida de radio e quimioterapia. No presente trabalho, foi realizada a prospec??o de 24 mol?culas de s?ntese, alkaloids-like, para determina??o de seus efeitos sobre a viabilidade de c?lulas quimioresistentes de glioblastoma humano (GL-15 e U251) e murina (C6). Entre os compostos testados ? (100JM), RLB87 foi o mais citot?xico para c?lulas transformadas, inibindo a viabilidade em 75,0%, 97,2%, 76,6% da GL-15, U251 e C6, respectivamente e o mesmo n?o apresentou toxicidade para c?lulas gliais normais. Observou-se, que o RLB87 promoveu apoptose 24 e 72 h ap?s o tratamento de forma tempo-dependente. O RLB87 igualmente inibiu a prolifera??o celular com acumulo na fase G0/G1 do ciclo celular ap?s 24 h. A migra??o das c?lulas de glioma foi tamb?m inibida ap?s tratamento com RLB87. Adicionalmente 4 an?logos do RLB87 foram tamb?m avaliados, elucidando aspectos importantes na estrutura qu?mica, requeridos para sua atividade, que possuem correla??o positiva com regioisomeria das fenilas, presen?a da fun??o ?ster e lipofilicidade. O RLB87 ? apresentado como promissor agente antineopl?sico assim como um prot?tipo para novos agentes terap?uticos para o tratamento de gliomas malignos e recidivados.

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