Detailed history of golf, golf carts and vehicles was described in analytic part of DT. Components and technical aspects of golf carts were listed in the technical part of the analysis. It also gives an overview of modern technologies available in these types of vehicles. Design part of DT maps current products on the market and their components influencing appearance of the vehicle. The final solution was chosen from three variants and brought the greatest added value. The original idea includes the way how to make handling of the vehicle easier, simplifies maintenance and reduces unnecessary preparation time of golf equipment for the game. New features have been presented in a single comprehensive and unique design.

The main goal of this master's thesis is to analyze methodology of sports event management followed by comprehensive description and its application on conducted sporting event (NOAH Golf Tournament) for corporate purpose based on analysis of the various economic, marketing and managerial aspects. Part of the paper is demonstration of growing importance of golf in China including market research.

Detailed history of golf, golf carts and vehicles was described in analytic part of DT. Components and technical aspects of golf carts were listed in the technical part of the analysis. It also gives an overview of modern technologies available in these types of vehicles. Design part of DT maps current products on the market and their components influencing appearance of the vehicle. The final solution was chosen from three variants and brought the greatest added value. The original idea includes the way how to make handling of the vehicle easier, simplifies maintenance and reduces unnecessary preparation time of golf equipment for the game. New features have been presented in a single comprehensive and unique design.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

This study has presented a thorough investigation of the integrity and the significance of the Augusta National Golf Club Course from 1934 to the present. The golf course still reflects the design philosophy of Alistair Mackenzie. Design features that have been retained provide this evidence. The hillocks and hollows in the golf course were identified to show Mackenzie's influence in the golf course of today. Changes have been made to Mackenzie's original design. Some changes caused great strategic and aesthetic differences in the golf course. Other changes were necessary due to the spectator and the demands of providing optimum on-site viewing of the Masters Tournament held anually at the Augusta National Golf Club Course. The modifications to the course were responses to the evolving game of golf as played in 1934 as compared to 1996. The significance of the golf course with respect to its Master Designer, Alistair Mackenzie, was shown to be sufficient to warrant the augmentation of its National Register status. Treatment of the landscape is suggested based on the criteria set forth in the study. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Sedan Nacka golfklubb införde källsortering år 2003 har golfklubben funderat över hur deras sortering och avfallshantering egentligen fungerar. I samband med den miljöcertifiering golfklubben ansökt om att få via Golf Environment Organization (GEO) skall ett flertal områden på golfklubben ses över, varav avfallshanteringen är ett av dessa områden. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur Nacka golfklubb idag avfallshanterar och ta fram ett underlag för den certifiering golfklubben ansökt om inom det givna området. Underlaget för certifieringen ska baseras på certifieringens krav och rutiner för förbättring ska baseras på kunskap, hantering samt minimering. De metoder som använts är litteraturstudier, intervjuer, studiebesök samt en analys utifrån Sustainable Development Records (SDR). Resultatet av SDR gav en generell bild av golfklubbens effektivitet, sparsamhet och marginal. Genom SDR kan golfklubben i framtiden fortsätta att mäta och jämföra sina resultat för att se om verksamheten går mot en mer hållbar utveckling och avfallshantering men för att göra detta måste en grundligare undersökning i framtiden genomföras i samband med en avfallsrevision. Utifrån det rutiner golfklubben har rekommenderas ett flertal förändringar för att golfklubben ska få en bättre standard inom sin avfallshantering. Hushållsavfallet som verkstaden och golfspelarna genererar bör hämtas av kommunen och genom att kommunen hämtar det brännbara avfallet från golfklubben kan en kostnadsbesparing fås. Om kansliet börjar kompostera sitt organiska hushållsavfall, kan ytterligare en kostnadsbesparing erhållas av golfklubben. Rutiner och miljöavtal med restaurangen bör införas för att golfklubben ska kunna kräva att restaurangägaren följer golfklubbens miljöpolicy samt bör hela verksamheten införa rutiner för städning och inventering av alla avfallsutrymmen. Genom detta uppstår inga olägenheter för människors hälsa och miljö samt får golfklubben en bättre avfallshantering som kontinuerligt ses över. Golfklubben rekommenderas även att se till att det källsorterade avfall hämtas från miljöstationen av certifierad återvinnare för att se till att det avfall som genereras hanteras utifrån avfallshierarkin och GEO certifieringens krav som innebär att mängden avfall till förbränning och deponering bör minimeras. / Nacka golf club started to separate their waste in 2003, and since the golf club introduce waste management they have been wondering how their sorting of waste actually works. In connection with the environmental certification that the golf club has applied for through the Golf Environment Organization (GEO), a number of areas will be reviewed, and waste management is one of those areas. The purpose of the study is to investigate how Nacka golf club is handling their waste today and create a data basis for the certification within the assigned area. The data for the certification will be based on the certification requirements and the routines for improvements will be based on knowledge, management and waste minimization. The methods used in the study are literature studies; interviews, study visits, and an analysis based Sustainable development records (SDR). The results of the SDR analysis gave a general picture of the golf club's efficiency, economy and margin. By using SDR in the future the golf club can continue to measure and compare the results to see if the golf club is moving towards a more sustainable development and a better management of waste, but to do this a closer examination of the waste needs to be carried out in future through a waste audit. Based on how the golf club is handling the waste today a number of recommendations have been presented to get a better standard in their waste management. The household waste from the maintenance area and golfers should be retrieved by the municipality because if the municipality collects the golf clubs combustible waste a cost saving is achievable. If the clubhouse starts to compost their organic household waste an additional cost savings is also possible for the golf club to collect. Routines and environmental agreements should be assigned with the restaurant and by that the golf can require that the owner of the restaurant follows the golf club's environmental policies. The entire golf club should set up routines for cleaning and inventory all waste areas continually. If the golf club implements the recommendation no harm to health and the environment will occur and the golf club will get a better waste management that is continuously reviewed. The golf club is also recommended to ensure that the sorted waste is collected from the environmental station by authorized recycler to ensure that the waste that is generated will be handled in the best possible way according to the waste hierarchy and according to the GEO certification requirements, which means that the amount of waste for incineration and landfills should be minimized.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1964 M88

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / William P. Winslow III / Synthetic turf has been used extensively for football, soccer, and baseball playing surfaces as a substitute for natural turf because of its increased durability, low maintenance costs, and similar characteristics. The popularity, however, has not extended to golf courses, a seemingly appropriate application. Golf courses are prized for their aesthetic beauty, and their maintenance requires regular, detailed upkeep with particular attention to fairways, tees, greens, hazards, and the surrounding landscape. The combination of regular mowing, watering, grooming, and application of chemicals aim to strengthen the overall appearance of the golf course, but have negative effects on the ecologic and economic values of the golf course. Is it possible to use synthetic turf to reduce the ecologic and economic effects of golf course maintenance, while still providing an aesthetically pleasing playing surface and environment? This study develops three methodologies from the primary areas of concern: ecologic, economic, and aesthetic. The ecologic method uses criteria derived from the Sustainable Sites Initiative. Criteria in the economic method assist in understanding the cost efficiency of synthetic turf over time. Finally, the aesthetic method contains criteria that define characteristics that affect the look of the golf course. These methods are then organized into a metric structure with the respective evaluation criteria. Using the two re-designed options of Lakeside Hills Municipal Golf Course in Olathe, Kansas as the site for application, the methodologies are evaluated for three different scenarios, the traditional turf course, a partial replacement with synthetic turf, and a full replacement, and given a score. This score provides a quantitative value to weigh the ecologic, economic, and aesthetic benefits and constraints of synthetic turf in a golf course application, and important initial step in discovering its viability in the golf course design industry.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic) -Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2004. 1 v. (various pagings) / Background: Back pain among the golfing population is considered endemic as it has been recommended to golfers that they should attempt to use a state of maximal spinal rotation in their golf swing in order to achieve maximum ball distance. Evidence suggests that maximum spinal rotation range of motion will be more restricted in the golfers with low back pain, even though this maximum rotated position has been considered ideal for developing optimal Club Head Velocity (CHV). Research has demonstrated an approximate 1:3 relation between CHV and air travel (i.e. distance) of the golf ball. An increase in 1mph in CHV would increase air travel of the golf ball by approximately 3 yards. If one considers that CHV is primarily influenced by the strength and power of the torso (low back and abdominal muscles), muscle balance and flexibility, which are responsible for the static and dynamic postural stability of the golf swing, it stands to reason that low back pain, which has been identified as the most common problem affecting amateur golfers, will affect CHV. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the immediate effect of spinal manipulative therapy on club head velocity in amateur golfers suffering from mechanical low back pain in terms of subjective and objective measures.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Durban University of Technology, 2008. xviii, 83, [29 ], 25 leaves / Golfing literature today recommends to both the amateur and professional golfers to try and achieve maximum performance with each golf club (Seaman, 1998 and Bulbulian, Ball and Seaman, 2001). This encourages golfers to use a state of maximum spinal rotation in their golf swing in order to achieve optimal performance (Seaman, 1998), thus resulting in back pain becoming endemic in the golfing population. Thus if it is considered that performance, in terms of the golf swing, is mainly influenced by; • the strength and power of the torso, i.e. the low back and abdominal muscles (Chek, 2003), • as well as muscle balance and flexibility, i.e. those muscles which are responsible for the static and dynamic postural stability of the golf swing (Chek, 2003). It then stands to reason that any decrease in the range of motion of the lumbar or thoracic spine of the amateur golfer, in terms of biomechanics, could affect their performance (Nordin and Frankel, 2001). In this regard it is hypothesised that altered biomechanics could be that of asymptomatic segmental joint dysfunction . In terms of interventions Kirkaldy-Willis and Burton (1992) explained the effect of SMT in the treatment of low back pain, similarly Bergmann et al. (1993) and Vernon and Mrozek (2005) further proposed the following effects of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT): • SMT may stretch or break intra-articular adhesions that form from immobilised facet joints due to acute synovial reactions. • SMT allows entrapped menisci to exit the facet joint in which it became entrapped. • If the capsule of the facet gets lodged between two adjacent articular surfaces, the process of SMT could allow this to be freed. • SMT re-aligns misaligned spinal segments to conform to the centre of gravity. It was thus assumed that if these mechanical and reflex mechanisms occur in the symptomatic amateur golfer, they should also occur in the asymptomatic amateur golfer. Currently however very little is known about the effects of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on asymptomatic segmental joint dysfunction. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate and short term effect of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on asymptomatic amateur golfers in terms of performance indicators. Methods: Forty three asymptomatic participants were randomized to four equal groups consisting of ten participants each (and three drop outs). Three of the groups received a single intervention, i.e. spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) while the last group acted as a placebo control group and received no intervention. Objective measurements were taken using the EDH Sports-FlightScope Pro Electronic Swing Analyser. All objective data collection took place pre and post SMT. Statistical analysis included various statistical methods and correlation analyses, by means of the latest version of SPSS. Results and conclusions: The main findings were that certain outcomes seem to be better with lumbar manipulation alone (smash, horizontal azimuth) and others better with thoracic manipulation alone (CHV, vertical azimuth, distance), but none are better with both lumbar and thoracic manipulation. Therefore in terms of future studies of this nature the treatment groups should be analysed separately and the research powered for such analyses (e.g. larger sample sizes).