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Children who are physically inactive are more likely to suffer numerous health complications such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The Good Behavior Game (GBG) has been identified as an effective method for decreasing inappropriate behaviors and increasing appropriate behaviors in a variety of settings; however, few studies have used the GBG to increase physical activity. Furthermore, no previous research has evaluated the effects of feedback while playing the GBG to increase physical activity. Some research suggests certain characteristics of feedback tend to produce consistent changes in behaviors such as providing feedback immediately and privately. The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research and evaluate whether the addition of feedback to the Step it UP! Game, a modified version of the GBG has an impact on children’s step counts. A reversal (ABCAB) design was used to examine the number of steps students took during baseline (A), the Step it UP! Game (B), and the Step it UP! Game with feedback (C). Sealed pedometers were distributed to 21 students from a fifth-grade general education classroom. The results of this study suggest that the Step it UP! Game with feedback did not enhance the number of steps taken during recess. Additionally, the Step it UP! Game (with and without feedback) did result in a slight increase in mean steps per min during recess initially but, these steps did not maintain overtime.

No description available.

No description available.

xiv, 145 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / As an increasing number of studies document the link between the development of student academic and social behavior, there is a growing need to create and evaluate interventions that address both types of skill development in school contexts. It is of particular importance to focus on interventions that improve the learning environment to maximize student success. The Good Behavior Game (TGBG) is an example of a research-based intervention that can be easily modified and implemented in conjunction with academic interventions to maximize effectiveness of student supports. The present study focused on the development and implementation of a modified version of TGBG implemented during the delivery of a secondary level early literacy intervention for students at-risk for reading difficulties. Specifically, this study examined whether instructional assistants' implementation of TGBG was functionally related to changes in student and instructor outcomes. The student outcomes assessed were (1) problem behavior, (2) academic engagement, and (3) pre-literacy skill development. The instructor outcomes assessed were provision of opportunities to respond to instruction, specific praise, and corrective statements for student social behavior. Data were also collected on fidelity of implementation, contextual fit, and social validity of TGBG. A concurrent multiple baseline design across five instructional reading groups was used to evaluate effects of TGBG. Results indicated that TGBG was functionally related to reductions in student problem behavior. In addition, a functional relation was established between implementation of TGBG and increases in instructor provision of specific praise statements and decreases in provision of corrective statements. Academic engagement and provision of opportunities to respond remained high and stable throughout the study. Pre-literacy trajectories did not appear to be functionally related to TGBG implementation; however, this may have been due to the short timeframe of the study. Instructional assistants implementing TGBG as well as students participating in TGBG rated it positively. Conceptual, practical, and future research implications are discussed. / Committee in charge: Cynthia Anderson, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Elizabeth Ham, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Robert Horner, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Marjorie Woollacott, Outside Member, Human Physiology

Depuis quelques années le droit financier, s'est enrichi des règles de bonne conduite, dans le but de répondre aux crises financières successives. Pour beaucoup, les règles de bonne conduite ont contribué à l'accroissement du contentieux judiciaire au détriment des prestataires de service d'investissement. Néanmoins, il s'agit davantage d'une volonté du législateur d’équilibrer les relations contractuelles entre le professionnel de la finance et le non professionnel au moyen de différentes obligations, qui poursuivent une finalité de transparence. En effet la transparence permet aux contractants d'avoir une confiance dans les marchés financiers. La confiance est fondamentale en droit des marchés financiers, car à défaut personne ne voudra investir dans les marchés financiers. A cette fin, les règles de bonne conduite pallient la crise de confiance des investisseurs par le biais d'obligations d'information à degré variable. Ainsi l'information exigée par les règles de bonne conduite permet plus de transparence et autorise une confiance des investisseurs par l’équilibre des relations contractuelles. / In recent years financial legislation, was enriched by the rules of good behavior in order to respond to successive financial crises. For many, the rules of conduct contributed to the increase in criminal litigation at the expense of investment service providers. Nevertheless, it was more of a will of the legislature to balance the contractual relationship between the financial professional and unprofessional through various obligations, pursuing a goal of transparency. Indeed transparency allows contractors to have confidence in financial markets. Trust is fundamental on financial legislation, as if no one will invest in financial markets. To this end, the rules of conduct palliate the crisis of confidence of investors through information to variable degree requirements. Thus the information required by the rules of conduct allows more transparency and allows investor confidence through the balance of contractual relations.

The CDC (2016) recommends children engage in 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily to achieve health benefits. Recess in school settings can provide opportunities for children to try and meet these guidelines. However, research suggests that recess alone does not increase physical activity levels. To combat this problem, antecedent manipulations (e.g., manipulating the physical environment or introducing planned activities) are commonly implemented as an intervention to increase physical activity. These interventions, however, do not provide salient consequences for physical activity to ensure the likelihood that these behaviors will occur again in the future. A more promising approach might be to develop interventions that assess the use of group contingencies in an effort to increase physical activity during recess time. The purpose of the current study was to implement the Step it UP! game (a modified version of the good behavior game) in three different classrooms during their recess periods and to evaluate the effect of group contingencies on physical activity levels in elementary school-aged children. The Step it UP! game was compared to traditional recess periods (i.e., without the game) in an alternating treatment design. The overall results of the study indicated that the Step it UP! game engendered higher mean step counts than traditional recess periods. These results suggest that schools should provide contingent reinforcement for children’s increased physical activity during recess.