Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLIAN_DISSERTACAO_decolagem_final_15_05.pdf: 452812 bytes, checksum: 0a6a27eb968740d9082f0cd77e47d0d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cotton seed treatments with Bacillus subtilis and a chemical nematicide (abamectin) on plant development in soils infested with nematodes. For this, the cotton genotypes IAC 25, Deltaopal and Nuopal were cultivated in ceramic pots with 10 kg of soil in a greenhouse. The soils samples were collected from areas under cotton cultivation in western Bahia State infested with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. To evaluate the efficiency of biological control of nematodes with B. subtilis, a previous inoculation of the cotton seeds at the date planting was made comparatively to the reference the application of the nematicide abamectin (AVICTA 500 FS®) in the seeds. After 45 days of cultivation leaf samples were collected for proline and peroxidase analyzes in all treatments. The plants were analyzed 60 days after planting for active nematodes in the root and in the soil. The most susceptible genotype (Deltaopal) showed higher proline content in their leaves. The hypothesis that the B. subtilis could act effectively in the control of the nematodes R. reniformis and P. brachyurus in cotton plants was confirmed in this study. It was also observed that the treatment of cotton seeds with B. subtilis was as efficient as the treatment with the chemical nematicide abamectin. The cotton genotypes responded differently to the chemical and biological control treatments. The effects of the both seed treatments on the reduction of the nematodes and on the plant growth were more pronounced in the soils with higher infestation. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro em solos infestados com nematoides em função do tratamento de sementes com nematicida químico (abamectina) e Bacillus subtilis. Foram utilizados os genótipos de algodoeiro: IAC 25, Deltaopal e Nuopal. O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em área de cultivo de algodoeiro nos Municípios de Luiz Eduardo Magalhães e São Desidério, localizados no Oeste Baiano, com histórico prévio de infestação de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Rotylenchulus reniformis. Para avaliação da eficiência do controle biológico de nematoides com Bacillus subtilis, procedeu-se a inoculação prévia das sementes de algodão no momento da semeadura, utilizando-se também como referência comparativa a aplicação de nematicida de contato Abamectina (AVICTA 500 FS®) nas sementes. Aos 45 dias de cultivo foram coletadas amostras de tecido foliar para realização de análises de prolina e peroxidase nas folhas. O genótipo mais suscetível (Deltaopal) apresentou maior teor de prolina nas folhas. As plantas foram coletadas aos 60 dias após a semeadura para a avaliação de nematoides nas raízes e no solo em cada tratamento. A hipótese de que o B. subtilis possa atuar de forma eficaz no controle dos nematoides (R. reniformis e P. brachyurus) no cultivo do algodoeiro, avaliados neste estudo, foi confirmada. Foi também comprovado que o tratamento com B. subtilis equivaleu-se à eficiência de controle obtido com o uso do nematicida convencional. Os genótipos de algodoeiro responderam de forma diferente aos tratamentos efetuados para controle dos nematoides. O controle de nematoides e o desenvolvimento das plantas em função dos tratamentos efetuados foram mais significativos nos solos com maior infestação de nematoides.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-22T14:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Uiara Cavalcante Silva.pdf: 1481908 bytes, checksum: fd082dc957b87d6e76fa41b38fce3ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T14:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uiara Cavalcante Silva.pdf: 1481908 bytes, checksum: fd082dc957b87d6e76fa41b38fce3ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / n Brazil three cotton species occur: G. barbadense, G. hirsutum and G. mustelinum, being the last wild and native of Brazil, found only in the semi-arid regions of Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. The studied populations distribute themselves preferably near watercourses, like predominant vegetation of ciliary forest. The degradation of the environment by grazing of goats and anthropic activities, caused the reduction of these populations and consequently the variability. However, in spite of the low variability in these populations, this whole gene pool may in the future be useful in breeding programs. Therefore, the detailed knowledge of the structure of the existing variability is essential for a better use of this species as a resource of allelic variability. As commercial varieties have a narrow genetic base, due to the strong selection practiced for breeding and deriving mostly from only one species, G. hirsutum var. Latifolium, the use of new alleles is fundamental to increase allelic combinations, so that germplasm of wild species of the genus Gossypium, such as G. mustelinum, becomes an alternative for such an extension. In order to determine the variability and genetic structure of 16 natural populations of G. mustelinum, DNA extractions, PCR reactions with SSR markers were performed and the amplified alleles were used to estimate the allelic frequencies, the expected and observed heterosomy Genetic diversity analysis and Nei G statistics, as well as clustering analyzes, using the Nei and Neighbor-Joining distance. The distance between the genotypes was calculated based on the proportion of alleles using the MICROSAT program and the genotypes grouped from the UPGMA method in MEGA 4. To determine if the diversity of each of the populations was presented in an organized spatial structure, the matrix Genetic distance was compared to the physical distance matrix using the Mantel test. The results showed that the greatest diversity is found among populations, with a high level of intrapopulation inbreeding, probably due to the effects of genetic drift, evidenced by the high number of exclusive alleles. / No Brasil ocorrem três espécies de algodoeiro: G. barbadense, G. hirsutum e G. mustelinum, sendo a última silvestre e nativa do Brasil, encontrada, apenas no semi-árido dos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Bahia. As populações estudadas distribuem-se preferencialmente próximas de cursos de água, como vegetação predominante de mata ciliar. A degradação do ambiente por pastejo de caprinos e atividades antrópicas, provocou a redução dessas populações e consequentemente da variabilidade. Entretanto, apesar da reduzida variabilidade existente nessas populações, todo esse conjunto gênico poderá, futuramente, ser útil nos programas de melhoramento. Para tanto, o conhecimento detalhado da estruturação da variabilidade existente é essencial para melhor utilização dessa espécie como recurso de variabilidade alélica. Como as variedades comerciais apresentam base genética estreita, devido a forte seleção praticada para o melhoramento e derivarem em sua maioria de apenas uma espécie, a G. hirsutum var. latifolium, a utilização de novos alelos é fundamental para aumentar as combinações alélicas, de maneira que germoplasma de espécies silvestres do gênero Gossypium, como G. mustelinum, se torna uma alternativa para tal ampliação. Com o objetivo de determinar a variabilidade e estrutura genética de 16 populações naturais de G. mustelinum, foram feitas extrações de DNA, reações de PCR com marcadores SSR e os alelos amplificados foram empregados para estimar as frequências alélicas, a heterosigozidade esperada e observada, a análise de diversidade genética e as estatísticas G de Nei, como também, as análises de agrupamento, usando a distância de Nei e Neighbor-Joining. A distância entre os genótipos foi calculada com base na proporção de alelos usando o programa MICROSAT e os genótipos agrupados a partir do método de UPGMA no MEGA 4. Para determinar se a diversidade de cada uma das populações se apresentava numa estrutura espacial organizada, a matriz de distância genética foi comparada com a matriz de distância física usando o teste de Mantel. Os resultados demonstraram que a maior diversidade encontra-se entre as populações, com elevado nível de endogamia intrapopulacional, provavelmente devido aos efeitos de deriva genética, evidenciado pelo elevado número de alelos exclusivos.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-03-09T13:08:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Demetrius José da Silva.pdf: 1875869 bytes, checksum: 1061e2217a110ec6fb9511ee004c9cde (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T21:00:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Demetrius José da Silva.pdf: 1875869 bytes, checksum: 1061e2217a110ec6fb9511ee004c9cde (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-21T21:00:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Demetrius José da Silva.pdf: 1875869 bytes, checksum: 1061e2217a110ec6fb9511ee004c9cde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T21:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Demetrius José da Silva.pdf: 1875869 bytes, checksum: 1061e2217a110ec6fb9511ee004c9cde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The analyzes of the physical properties of cotton fibers are made in HVI, which is characterized by the high cost of acquisition and maintenance, performs invasive analysis and can’t be used to evaluate chemical characteristics of the samples. The classical methods for analysis of cotton fibers are destructive, time consuming, laborious and require large amounts of reagents. The VIS and NIR spectroscopy appears as a good alternative for the analysis of white and naturally colored cotton fiber because this method maintains the integrity of the sample, can perform multiple measurements simultaneously and has a relatively low cost of acquisition if compared to HVI. This work aims to obtain calibration models for the prediction of physical properties of naturally colored cotton fiber using spectroscopy in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra, combined with multivariate analysis. A set of 72 independent fiber samples of six cotton cultivars were used, 24 of them of two with white fiber cultivars (BRS Aroeira and BRS 8H) and four with naturally colored fiber (BRS Topázio, BRS Verde, BRS Safira, and BRS Rubi) were analyzed. The samples were analyzed for fiber yield (FIB), upper half mean length (UHM), uniformity index (UNF), short fiber index (SFI), strength (STR), elongation (ELG), micronaire (MIC), maturity (MAT), count strength product (CSP) and wax content (WAX). A Tukey’s test and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed in the reference results. The reflectance spectra were preprocessed (Savitzky-Golay, MSC and SNV) before a partial least squares regression (PLS) calibration method and then obtained within a spectral range of 400-2500 nm. The Tukey’s test and PCA results were statiscally significative for SFI, ELG and WAX (this last one is more specifically for BRS Verde) parameters to all analyzed cultivars but BRS Topázio. The STR, UHM and CSP measurements stand out for the white fiber cultivars and have a negative relationship as compared to the MIC, MAT and FIB variables. In the set of evaluatedsamples, the SFI, ELG and WAX measurements tend to provide an inverse correlation with theother variables analyzed. The results of these measurements using HVI system, for white andnaturally colored fiber, are dependent of the composition and the wax content of the the fiber.The PLS calibration models with pre-processed spectra used for analysis of the principal properties which express cotton fiber quality were consistent with results obtained in the HVI system. The application of VIS-NIR spectroscopy and PLS calibration are strategies that providesatisfactory results for the analysis of cotton fiber with speed, accuracy and reliability. / As análises das propriedades físicas das fibras de algodão são feitas em sistema HVI, que se caracteriza pelo alto custo de aquisição e manutenção, realiza análises invasivas e não pode ser usado para avaliação de características químicas das amostras. Já os métodos clássicos para análise de fibras de algodão são destrutivos, demorados, laboriosos e exigem grandes quantidades de reagentes. A espectroscopia VIS-NIR surge como uma boa alternativa para a análise de fibras de algodão branco e naturalmente colorido, pois se trata de um método que mantem a integridade da amostra, permite várias determinações simultaneamente e tem um custo de aquisição relativamente baixo se comparado ao HVI. Pelo exposto, objetivou-se obter modelos de calibração para a predição de atributos da fibra de algodão naturalmente colorido utilizando espectroscopia na região do visível (VIS) e infravermelho próximo (NIR), aliadas a técnicas de análise multivariada. Um conjunto de 72 amostras independentes de seis cultivares de algodão foi utilizado, sendo 24 delas de duas cultivares de fibra branca (BRS 8H e BRS Aroeira) e 48 amostras de quatro cultivares de fibra naturalmente colorida (BRS Topázio, BRS Verde, BRS Safira e BRS Rubi). As amostras foram analisadas para as propriedades de rendimento de fibra (FIB), comprimento médio (UHM), uniformidade (UNF), índice de fibras curtas (SFI), resistência (STR), alongamento à ruptura (ELG), micronaire (MIC), maturidade (MAT), índice de fiabilidade (CSP) e teor de cera (WAX). Os resultados de referência foram submetidos ao Teste de Tukey e análise de componentes principais (PCA). Os espectros de reflectância foram obtidos na faixa espectral de 400 a 2500 nm, os quais foram pré-processados (Savitzky-Golay, MSC e SNV) antes da calibração pelo método de regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS). Constatou-se significância entre as variáveis SFI, ELG e WAX, as duas primeiras para as cultivares de fibra naturalmente coloridas, com exceção da BRS Topázio, e a última para a cultivar BRS Verde. As medidas de STR, UHM e CSP destacam-se para as cultivares de fibra branca e possuem relação negativa entre as variáveis MIC, MAT e FIB. No conjunto de amostras avaliadas, as medidas de SFI, ELG e WAX tendem a fornecer correlação inversa com as demais varáveis analisadas. Os resultados dessas medidas em sistema HVI, tanto em fibra branca e naturalmente colorida, são dependentes da composição da fibra para os teores de cera. Os modelos de calibração por PLS, em espectros pré-processados, para as principais propriedades que expressam a qualidade de fibras de algodão foram compatíveis com os resultados obtidos em sistema HVI. A aplicação da espectroscopia VIS-NIR e calibração por PLS são estratégias que fornecem resultados satisfatórios para análise de fibra de algodão com rapidez, precisão e confiabilidade.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-05-04T13:42:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Thiele da Silva Carvalho.pdf: 511949 bytes, checksum: 0f4ebd9e36dd151268ce66e48942d5d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T19:30:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Thiele da Silva Carvalho.pdf: 511949 bytes, checksum: 0f4ebd9e36dd151268ce66e48942d5d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T19:33:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Thiele da Silva Carvalho.pdf: 511949 bytes, checksum: 0f4ebd9e36dd151268ce66e48942d5d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T19:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Thiele da Silva Carvalho.pdf: 511949 bytes, checksum: 0f4ebd9e36dd151268ce66e48942d5d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomusgrandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a very important pest for the Brazilian cotton due to the injuries caused on the squares, flowers and bolls. These injuries reduce the production and are responsible for causing great economic losses to the farmer. Among the alternatives for the management of this pest can highlight the control tactics based on plant resistance to insects. This research aimed to determine the morphophysiological mechanism involved in resistance of some primitive races of cotton against boll weevil. The work were conducted in the field, in an area infested by the bolls weevils, in the greenhouse and in the laboratory of Pathology and Molecular Biology of Insects at EmbrapaCotton, municipality of Campina Grande, state of Paraíba. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment aimed to select the most promising lines for resistance to boll weevil among the lines TB 15, TB 41, TB 75, TB 80, TB 85, TB 87, TB 90, TB 91 originating fromprimitive races of cotton and BRS 187 8H (control).The experimental design was randomized blocks with nine treatments and 4 repetitions. The treatments were represented by lines and cultivar cited cotton. Data were submitted to analysis of variance a nd the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated between the number of punctured squares to feed and oviposition by the boll weevil and the 2 average number of trichomes and gossypol glands per cm leaf, height and diameter of the cotton rods with 120 days old. The second experiment aimed at determining the preference for feeding and oviposition of boll weevil on the squares of the six most promising lines selected in the first experiment in test with and without chance of choice.In the choice test was used completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with six cotton lines (G1=TB 90, G2= TB87, G3= TB 80; G4= TB 75; G5= TB 41 and G6= Grandless) nine hours evaluation (15 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours) and ten replicates. In the test no choice, the experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments, represented by boll weevil adults fed with cotton squares of the same lines of cotton used in the test of choice except to cultivate Grandless and five replications.The average number of trichomes and 2 2 gossypol glands per cm and teeth on bracts and the gossypol glands per cm on the sepals and of the nectaries in squares of cotton lines was determined to establish a correlation with the damage caused by feeding and oviposition of boll weevil on the squares. Data from tests with and without choice were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability and the averages compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.In the field,the less preferred cotton line for ovipositionwasTB80. In the test-choice, the cottonlinewith smaller number of the boll weevil and punctured squares by feedingwasTB41. Under no chance of choice, the cultivarsTB80andTB41 wereless preferredfor food and line TB90showedsmaller number of punctured squares by oviposition.TheMorphophysiologicalmechanismsofresistanceprimitive racetested againstthe boll weevilare related tominor amounts of glands of the gossypol andnectariespresent, respectively, in the leaves and at the base of square. / O bicudo, AnthonomusgrandisBoheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), é uma praga de grande importância para a cotonicultura brasileira em função das injúrias provocadas sobre os botões florais, flores e maçãs do algodoeiro. Entre as alternativas para o manejo dessa praga pode-se destacar a tática de controle baseada na resistência de plantas aos insetos. Objetivou -se determinar o mecanismo morfofisiológico envolvido na resistência de algumas raças primitiva s de algodão ao bicudo. Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro experimento visou selecionar as linhagens mais promissoras quanto à resistência ao bicudo entre as linhagens TB15, TB41, TB75, TB80, TB85, TB87, TB90, TB91 oriundas de raças primitivas de algodoeiros e a cultivar BRS 187 8H (testemunha). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas linhagens e a cultivar de algodoeiros citadas. O segundo experimento visou determinar a preferência para alimentação e oviposição do bicudo sobre os botões florais das seis linhagens mais promissoras selecionadas no primeiro experimento em teste com e sem chance de escolha. No teste com escolha, utilizou - se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial com seis linhagens de algodoeiro (G1= TB90; G2= TB87; G3= TB80; G4= TB75; G5 = TB41 e G6= Grandless), nove horários de avaliação (15 min, 30 min, 1 hora, 2horas, 4 horas, 6 horas, 8 horas, 12 horas e 24 horas) e dez repetições. No teste sem chance de escolha, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, representados por adultos do bicudo alimentados com botões florais das mesmas linhagens de algodoeiros utilizadas no te ste de escolha, exceto a cultivar Grandless e cinco repetições.Os dados de ambos os experimentos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey(P=0,05), utilizando-se o Sistema de Análises Estatíssticas e Genéticas (SAEG) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram estimados no experimento de seleção de linhagens de algodoeiros resistentes ao bicudo, os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o número de botões florais com orifício de alimentação e oviposição pelo bicudo e os números médios de tricomas e de glândulas de 2 gossipol por cm das folhas e altura e diâmetro das hastes das plantas de algodoeiro com 120 dias de idade. No ensaio de preferência de alimentação e oviposição do bicudo foram estimados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o número de botões florais com orifício de alimentação e oviposição pelo bicudo e os números médios de tricomas e de glândulas de 2 2 gossipolpor cm e dos dentes nas brácteas, de glândulas de gossipol por cm nas sépalas e o de nectários nos botões florais das linhagens de algodoeiros.No campo, a linhagem de algodoeiro menos preferida para oviposição foi TB80. No teste de chance de escolha, a linhagem de algodoeiro com menor número de bicudos e de orifícios de alimentação foi TB41. Sob condições de confinamento, as cultivares TB80 e TB41 foram menos preferidas para alimentação enquanto que a linhagem TB90 apresentou menor número de orifícios de oviposição. Os mecanismos morfofisiológicos de resistência de raças primitivas testadas contra o bicudo estão relacionados às menoresquantidades de glândulas de gossipole de nectários presentes, respectivamente, nas folhas e na base dos botões florais.

Cotton is a crop with a large global economic impact as well as a large, complex genome. Most industrial cotton production is from two tetraploid species (Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.) which contain two subgenomes, specifically the AT and DT subgenomes. The DT subgenome is nearly half the size of the AT subgenome in tetraploid cotton and is closely related to an extant D-genome Gossypium species, G. raimondii Ulbr. Characterization of the structural variants present in diploid D-genome should provide greater insight into the evolution of the DT subgenome in the tetraploid cotton. Bionano (BNG) optical mapping uses patterns of fluorescent labels inserted at specific endonuclease sites to create physical maps of the genomes which can then be examined for structural variation. To develop optical maps in G. raimondii, we first developed a de novo PacBio long read sequence assembly of G. raimondii. This sequence assembly consisted of 2,379 contigs, an average contig length of 413 Kb and a contig N50 of 4.9 Mb. Using BNG technology, we developed two optical maps of the diploid D genome of G. raimondii. One was created using the Nt.BssSI endonuclease and one with the Nt.BspQI endonuclease. Using the BNG optical maps, the PacBio assembly was hybrid scaffolded into 100 scaffolds (+ 5 unscaffolded contigs) with an average scaffold length of 7.5 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 13.1 Mb. A comparison between the Nt. BssSI BNG optical map and the two sequence assemblies identified 3,195 structural variants. These were used to validate the accuracy of the reference sequence of G. raimondii and structural variants were used to create a new phylogeny of nine major cotton species.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop maturity is delayed by cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter) (fleahopper) feeding on early-season fruit forms which increases vulnerability to late-season pests such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). The objectives of this research were to evaluate methods of screening for resistance to fleahopper and to screen selected genotypes. Six fleahoppers were caged on plants in the insectary for 72 h. Numbers of live fleahoppers and percent square damage were determined 48 h following the removal of fleahoppers. Fleahopper numbers and percent square set were determined on randomly selected plants of 16 genotypes when grown under field conditions in 2002 and 2003. Across multiple sampling dates, the number of fleahoppers per plant was higher (p=0.05) in G. arboreum and Pilose (G. hirsutum), but no consistent differences were observed among the remaining 15 genotypes which represented several germplasm pools across the United States. Field and no-choice feeding tests suggested that Pilose, Lankart 142, Suregrow 747, and Stoneville 474 were more resistant hairy-leaf genotypes and not different (p=0.05) in resistance than the smooth-leaf genotypes, Deltapine 50 and TAM 96WD-69s. Pin-head, match-head, and one-third grown squares were removed from plants and placed on agar in petri-plates. Four fleahoppers were released per plate and allowed to feed for 48 h. Fleahopper damage, brown areas along the anthers and/or brown and shrunken pollen sacs was most evident in pin-head sized squares.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop maturity is delayed by cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter) (fleahopper) feeding on early-season fruit forms which increases vulnerability to late-season pests such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). The objectives of this research were to evaluate methods of screening for resistance to fleahopper and to screen selected genotypes. Six fleahoppers were caged on plants in the insectary for 72 h. Numbers of live fleahoppers and percent square damage were determined 48 h following the removal of fleahoppers. Fleahopper numbers and percent square set were determined on randomly selected plants of 16 genotypes when grown under field conditions in 2002 and 2003. Across multiple sampling dates, the number of fleahoppers per plant was higher (p=0.05) in G. arboreum and Pilose (G. hirsutum), but no consistent differences were observed among the remaining 15 genotypes which represented several germplasm pools across the United States. Field and no-choice feeding tests suggested that Pilose, Lankart 142, Suregrow 747, and Stoneville 474 were more resistant hairy-leaf genotypes and not different (p=0.05) in resistance than the smooth-leaf genotypes, Deltapine 50 and TAM 96WD-69s. Pin-head, match-head, and one-third grown squares were removed from plants and placed on agar in petri-plates. Four fleahoppers were released per plate and allowed to feed for 48 h. Fleahopper damage, brown areas along the anthers and/or brown and shrunken pollen sacs was most evident in pin-head sized squares.

Gossypium hirsutum, upland cotton, is one of the major crops grown in the United States and the world. Upland cotton is cultivated in areas that are ideal breeding grounds for the difficult to manage, southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. Host plant resistance is the most effective way to control RKN populations. However, resistance used in most breeding programs stems from a few related sources. Novel sources of resistance have been identified but have yet to be introduced into elite breeding lines or genetically studied. The objectives of this study are two-fold. The first is to develop elite germplasm by introgressing RKN resistance from primitive accessions into modern cotton genotypes via backcrossing. The second is to use simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to identify loci associated with RKN resistance in the primitive accessions. The genotypes used will be: 1) inoculated with M. incognita, 2) phenotypically analyzed by measuring the nematode reproduction as eggs per gram of fresh root and host response using a root gall index, 3) genetically evaluated by using SSR markers to detect polymorphisms between the RKN resistant TX accessions and DP90 (susceptible genotype), and 4) analyzed using linkage and mapping software. Elite germplasm that contains: 1) high yield potential and a high level of RKN- resistance or 2) high fiber quality and RKN-resistance was developed by performing two backcrosses based on phenotypic analyses. A third screen is currently underway to ensure the introgression of the RKN resistance genes. Agronomic tests will need to be done before the germplasm is released. Genetic analyses using SSR-based primer sets of the TX accessions did not yield expected results. Of the 508 primers sets tested, only 31 were polymorphic between the TX accessions and DP90. A bulked segregant analysis approach was used to test the 31 primer sets on the resistant and susceptible bulks of the F2 population but no polymorphisms were seen. However, analyses found that the TX accessions were more genetically similar to Mexico Wild Jack Jones than to Clevewilt 6-3-5. More work needs to be done to understand the mechanism of RKN resistance in the TX accessions.

SOUSA, Carlos Henrique Carvalho de. Análise da tolerância à salinidade em plantas de sorgo, feijão-de-corda e algodão. 2007. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-14T20:06:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_chcsousa.pdf: 705339 bytes, checksum: f797f36e702e103594bf2a0452343980 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-14T20:37:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_chcsousa.pdf: 705339 bytes, checksum: f797f36e702e103594bf2a0452343980 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T20:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_chcsousa.pdf: 705339 bytes, checksum: f797f36e702e103594bf2a0452343980 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The objective of this paper was to evaluate ions concentration and some morphophysiological parameters associates to the salt tolerance in sorghum, cowpea, and cotton plants. Plants were cultivated in plastic pots, using 15 kg of sand soil at greenhouse conditions and subjected to three different salt concentrations (0.5; 4.0; and 8.0 dS.m-1) in irrigation water. A completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 3 x 3 (3 species x 3 salt levels), with four replicates was adopted. During the experimental period, plant height and water use was measured. After 42 days of salt application they were measured the salinity of drained water and in the soil, total leaf area and dry masses of leaves, stems and roots. Leaf succulence, specific leaf mass, carbon partitioning and the concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, and proline were also determined. The application of saline water affected the carbon partitioning, reduced plant growth and water use, and caused salt accumulation in drained water and into the soil. However, the percentage of ion extraction from the soil was low in the three species, being higher in cotton and lower in sorghum. The tolerance index, on the basis of the growth data, confirmed the highest sensibility of the cowpea and the highest tolerance of the cotton. The cotton showed some important difference to the other species, presenting greater accumulation and retention of Na and Cl in the roots, greater accumulation of these ions in the leaf blades, lower changes in K concentration and increase in proline contents in response to sat stress application. On the other hand, sorghum showed lower concentrations of potentially toxic ions (Na plus Cl) in the leaf blades. However, it also presented reductions in K and Ca contents, what can contribute to growth inhibition in this species. The high leaf Cl concentration, associated with the absence of the other protection mechanisms, contributed, at least in part, to higher sensibility of the cowpea to salt stress imposed. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os teores e distribuição de íons e alguns parâmetros morfosiológicos associados com a tolerância à salinidade em plantas de sorgo, feijão-de-corda e algodão. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 15 kg de areia lavada, em condições de casa-de-vegetação, e irrigadas com águas com três níveis de salinidade (0,5, 4,0 e 8,0 dS m-1). O experimento foi montado seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (3 espécies x 3 níveis de salinidade), com quatro repetições. Durante a condução do experimento foram mensuradas a altura da planta e o consumo de água. Após 42 dias do início dos tratamentos foram medidas> acúmulo de sais na água drenada e no solo, a área foliar e a produção de matéria seca de folhas, caules e raízes. Foram também determinados: a suculência foliar, a massa específica foliar, a partição de carbono e os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+ e prolina. A aplicação de água salina afetou a partição de carbono, reduziu o crescimento e o consumo de água pelas plantas, e provocou acúmulo de sais na água drenada e no solo. No entanto, as percentagens de extração de sais foram baixas nas três espécies, sendo maior em algodoeiro e menor em sorgo A tolerância à salinidade foi avaliada através dos dados de crescimento, os quais confirmaram a maior sensibilidade do feijão-de-corda e a maior tolerância do algodão. O algodão se diferenciou das duas outras espécies por apresentar maior acúmulo e retenção de Na+ e Cl- nas raízes, maior acúmulo desses íons nos limbos foliares, menores alterações nos teores de K+ e aumento nos teores de prolina em resposta ao aumento da salinidade. O sorgo apresentou menores teores de íons potencialmente tóxicos (Na+ + Cl-) nos limbos foliares, porém, apresentou reduções nos teores de K+ e Ca2+ na parte aérea. O elevado acúmulo de Cl- nas folhas, associado à falta de outros mecanismos eficientes de proteção, contribuiu, pelo menos em parte, para a maior sensibilidade do feijão-de-corda ao estresse salino.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-04T17:34:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 672908 bytes, checksum: 52e2041013a80459525bc8ac9386c087 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T17:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 672908 bytes, checksum: 52e2041013a80459525bc8ac9386c087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-31 / A ramulose é uma das principais doenças do algodoeiro no cerrado brasileiro, maior região produtora. Conduziram-se dois ensaios em campo visando selecionar plantas com resistência à ramulose em linhagens e em acessos sem características comerciais. As mesmas linhagens também foram avaliadas para resistência à mancha de ramulária, mancha angular, mosaico das nervuras e ao complexo Fusarium e nematóide. Foi possível distinguir entre resistência e suscetibilidade à ramulose em ambos os ensaios de campo (P< 0,0001 e P=0,002, ensaio de linhagens e acessos do banco de germoplasma, respectivamente). Para avaliar possível série diferenciadora de raças de Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides (Cgc), seis isolados do patógeno foram inoculados em 30 acessos de algodoeiro. Destes acessos, dois desenvolveram ou não sintomas dependendo do isolado usado. Esses acessos, em conjunto a outros dois resistentes e dois suscetíveis aos isolados empregados, foram selecionados para compor uma série diferenciadora para distinguir raças de Cgc. Com base em 133 isolados estudou-se a estrutura genética de populações de Cgc em três regiões com diferentes idades de cultivo. Foram analisados 23 locos AFLP e detectou-se baixa diversidade genética total (H t =0,139) e baixa diversidade genética dentro de subpopulações (H s =0,133). O número médio de migrantes foi estimado em 11,9 indivíduos a cada geração entre as três subpopulações. Não foi observada formação de estrutura sexuada (peritécio) in vitro após pareamento de 17 isolados em todas as combinações possíveis. Apenas um grupo de compatibilidade vegetativa foi identificado com base em testes de complementação usando 76 mutantes auxotróficos na rota de metabolismo do nitrato. Inferiu-se que a população brasileira de Cgc tem estrutura clonal, com ausência de grupos de compatibilidade vegetativa e sem aparente reprodução sexuada. Ocorre grande fluxo gênico e sementes infectadas desempenham importante papel nessa dispersão, principalmente para áreas novas. Isolados de Cgc foram também caracterizados quanto à sensibilidade aos fungicidas carbendazim, tebuconazole e azoxystrobin. Não houve evidências de resistência de Cgc aos fungicidas avaliados. Os valores de ED 50 para os fungicidas carbendazim, tebuconazole e azoxystrobin variaram, respectivamente, de 0,037 a 1,474, de 0,020 a 0,191 e de 0,019 a 0,068 μg i.a./mL. O controle químico em condições de campo reduziu o progresso da doença, todavia não evitou perdas significativas em produtividade. / “Ramulose” or “Witches’ broom” is caused by Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides (Cgc) and is one of the main cotton diseases in the savannah region of Brazil, the major producing area. Two field assays were conducted with breeding lines and active germplasm bank (AGB) accessions to select cotton resistant genotypes. The breeding lines were also evaluated to ramularia leaf spot, bacterial blight, mosaic vein virus, and nematode - fusarium complex resistance at field conditions. Resistant and susceptible genotypes were differentiated in both assays (P< 0.0001 and P=0.002 for breeding lines and AGB accessions assays, respectively). In order to establish a set of cotton differential series to detect Cgc pathotypes, six Cgc isolates were inoculated in 30 cotton genotypes. Reaction of two cotton accessions varied according to Cgc isolate. These two in addition to two resistant and two susceptible accessions were selected to form a cotton differential set to determine Cgc pathotypes.Pathogen population structure was investigated by analyzing 133 isolates collected from three major cotton producing areas. A total of 23 AFLP loci were analyzed. The total and within subpopulation genetic diversity were low, H t = 0.139 and 0.133, respectively. The estimated average number of migrants among the subpopulations, per generation, was 11.9. No sexual structure (perithecium) was formed in crosses established in vitro for 17 isolates in all possible combinations. A single vegetative compatibility group (VCG) was identified based on complementation tests using 76 auxotrophic mutants in nitrate metabolic pathway. One mutant did not form heterokarion and was self-incompatible. Genotypic diversity varied among subpopulations and one haplotype was found in high frequency in all subpopulations. There was no correlation between genetic and geographic distances. There is strong evidence that the population of Cgc has a clonal structure, with no VCG, and sexual reproduction does not seem to play an important role. Gene flow among subpopulations was high and infected seeds are important to pathogen introduction/dispersal into new areas. Sensitivity of Cgc isolates to carbendazim, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin was assessed. Baseline population sensitivity was established with isolates collected where no fungicide was used. For in vitro assays, the ED 50 values of carbendazim (n=88 isolates) ranged from 0.037 to 1.474 μg a.i./mL, a 40-fold sensitivity factor. No resistance to carbendazim (ED 50 > 10 μg a.i./mL) was detected. Similarly, ED 50 values for tebuconazole (n=91) and azoxystrobin (n=82) were low and ranged from 0.020 to 0.191 and from 0.019 to 0.068 μg a.i./mL, respectively. In a field assay, disease progress was followed on the susceptible cultivar BRS Ipê. Plots artificially inoculated were treated twice with fungicides in several combinations. Fungicides were not effective in controlling ramulose, although differences (P=0.007) regarding area under the disease progress curve among treatments were detected. Lack of disease control was attributed to heavy rain during the season as well as a delay in the first fungicide application. / Tese importada do Alexandria