by Pun Shiu Kau. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 92-98. / LIST OF TABLES --- p.i / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- THE PROBLEM --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Purpose of the Study --- p.3 / Significance of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.4 / Cognition and Metacognition --- p.4 / Metalinguistic Awareness --- p.5 / Linguistic and metalinguistic awareness --- p.5 / Types of metalinguistic awareness --- p.6 / Metalinguistic awareness of cognitive development --- p.7 / Awareness in Speech Segmentation --- p.10 / Segmentation of speech sound --- p.10 / Development of segmental abilities --- p.11 / Perception of Speech Sounds --- p.14 / Acoustic-phonetic relationship --- p.14 / Perception of vowels --- p.15 / Perception of consonants --- p.15 / Categorical perception --- p.19 / Perceptual unit in speech perception --- p.20 / Perception of Written Language --- p.23 / Comparison between listening and speaking --- p.23 / Perceptual unit in reading --- p.24 / Writing Systems --- p.28 / Variety and universality of writing systems --- p.28 / Psychological characterization of orthographies --- p.30 / The psychology of reading Chinese --- p.35 / Phonemic Segmental Awareness and Reading Acquisition --- p.39 / Phenemic segmental awareness in relation to reading acquisition --- p.39 / Effect of phonemic segmental awareness on reading acquisition --- p.43 / Effect of literacy on phonemic segmental awareness --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHOD --- p.47 / Hypothesis --- p.47 / Subjects --- p.48 / Instruments --- p.49 / Research Design --- p.54 / Procedure --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.62 / Academic Results --- p.62 / Intelligence --- p.64 / English Spelling-sound Proficiency --- p.64 / Chinese Task 1 ： Classifying Character Sounds --- p.65 / Chinese Task 2 ： Fanqie - Manipulation of Chinese Phonemes --- p.67 / Relations between Intelligence and Phonemic Segmental Awareness --- p.70 / Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Academic Results --- p.71 / Relations between Chinese Phonemic Awareness and Academic Results --- p.73 / Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Chinese Phonemic Awareness --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- "DISCUSSION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION" --- p.79 / Discussion --- p.79 / "Academic results, sex, intelligence and phonemic awareness" --- p.79 / Proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.80 / Chinese phonemic segmental awareness --- p.81 / Relations between proficiency in English spelling-sound rules and academic results --- p.83 / Relations between Chinese phonemic segmental awareness and proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.84 / Summary --- p.88 / Conclusion --- p.90 / REFERENCES --- p.92 / APPENDICES --- p.99

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES / Bibliography: leaves 506-514. / by Denis Bouchard. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 246-251. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 253-256. / by Maria Luisa Zubizarreta. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 194-202. / Ph.D.

Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 333-339. / by Bruce Philip Hayes. / Ph.D.

In light of the observation made by Bowers (1991: 19) that Mandarin classifiers are phonetic realization of a functional head Nm, whose semantic function is to turn properties into propositional functions, it is postulated that classifiers in Nuosu Yi can also be identified as this type of predication operator (Pr). / The classifier in Nuosu Yi can appear in possessives. Its function is to link the possessor noun and possessed noun and form a possession relation between them. However, Pr in Nuosu Yi possessives may not always be realized as a CL. When a Nuosu Yi speaker does not want to specify the number of the possessed item, he will not use classifiers to link the possessor and the possessed noun. In this case, Pr has no phonetic realization. Based on this observation, we propose that classifiers in East Asian classifier languages are likely to be grammaticalized into Pr, but this grammaticalization path is not unitary. Besides classifiers, Pr may take on other forms such as possessive marker ge in Cantonese, possessive marker de in Mandarin, possessive marker a in Jingpo, and an empty possessive marker in Nuosu Yi. / The conclusion of this thesis is that possessive markers and relative markers are indeed of the same syntactic category Pr and they come into narrow syntax computation (from Numeration to LF) in the same manner. / The nature of predication within complex nominals is studied through examination of the syntax and semantics of possessive and relative constructions in Nuosu Yi. The proposed theory is also shown to be applicable to Mandarin, Cantonese, and Jingpo. / The whole picture of the complex nominal structure in Yi is further complicated by the cooccurrence of su and a classifier with a RC. In this case, su is analyzed as a D-element. The real predication operator is still the classifier. / When classifiers serve as RC markers in Nuosu Yi, we are able to tell the exact number of the relativized item. When a Nuosu Yi speaker does not want to specify the exact number of the relativized item, he will use the morpheme su. Semantically, it does not specify the number of the relativized noun, but it renders the relativized noun definite. We propose that this morpheme su is a definite article D, which plays a deciding role in encoding the definiteness of the whole complex nominal which contains a RC. The relative clause marker, in this case, is a phonetically null element. / Liu, Hongyong. / "November 2006." / Adviser: Yang Gu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: A, page: 3369. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-245). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 366-373. / by Alec Paul Marantz. / Ph.D.