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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Filter criterion for granular soils based on the constriction size distribution

Seblany, Feda 17 December 2018 (has links)
Les discontinuités granulaires dans les ouvrages hydrauliques ou dans leur fondation constituent une source majeure d’instabilités à l’origine des phénomènes d’érosion. L’érosion interne est ainsi définie comme une migration de particules engendrée par un écoulement interne parasite, dans un sol ou dans un ouvrage en terre. A long terme, les conséquences de cette migration peut affecter la stabilité des ouvrages et peut même conduire à leur rupture. La sécurité des ouvrages en terre dépend principalement de la performance de leurs filtres, c’est-à-dire de la capacité du filtre, mis en interne en phase de conception ou en externe en phase de réparation, à retenir les particules fines. L’espace poral d’un filtre granulaire est divisé en volumes élémentaires, appelés pores, reliés entre eux par des étranglements plus étroits appelés constrictions. Des recherches récentes ont montré que la distribution des tailles de constriction (CSD) joue un rôle fondamental dans la compréhension des propriétés de filtration des sols granulaires. Ce travail vise à étudier la CSD et son impact sur les mécanismes de filtration dans les matériaux granulaires. Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux approches ont été suivies dans ce travail: l’une numérique et l’autre analytique. Dans le cas des matériaux de forme sphérique, la méthode des éléments discrets (DEM) permet de calculer la CSD en s’appuyant sur une partition de Delaunay en tétraèdres. Cependant, une CSD plus réaliste peut être obtenue par association des tétraèdres voisins selon un critère basé sur le chevauchement de leurs sphères de vide inscrites. A partir de cette considération et en se basant sur les modèles analytiques existants, un modèle révisé est proposé pour obtenir rapidement la CSD. Les échantillons DEM générés sont ensuite utilisés pour examiner le potentiel de transport des particules fines à travers un filtre d’épaisseur donnée. Les résultats des essais de filtration numériques menés ont montré une corrélation entre la CSD et la possibilité de migration des particules fines. En conséquence, une formule analytique a été proposée pour calculer le diamètre d’ouverture de contrôle des filtres granulaires. Cette taille caractéristique qui prend en compte la granulométrie et la densité du matériau granulaire, a été introduite dans un critère de filtre construit sur la base de la CSD, en vue de le représenter de manière plus physique. Le critère proposé reproduit correctement des résultats expérimentaux rapportés dans la littérature. / The granular discontinuities in hydraulic structures or in their foundation constitute a major source of instabilities causing erosion phenomena, process by which finer soil particles are transported through the voids between coarser particles, under seepage flow. In the long term, the microstructure of the soil will change and the excessive migration become prejudicial to the stability of the structures and may also induce their failure. The safety of earth structures is mainly dependent on the reliability of their filter performance, i.e. the ability of the filter placed inside the structure during construction or outside during repair, to retain fine particles. Indeed, the void space of a granular filter is divided into larger volumes, called pores, connected together by throats or constrictions. Recent researches showed that the distribution of throats (Constriction Size Distribution or CSD) between pores plays a key role to understand the filtration properties of a granular soil. This research is devoted to investigate the constriction sizes and their impact on the mechanisms of filtration in granular spherical materials. To achieve this objective, two approaches were followed in this work: numerical and analytical approaches. In the case of spherical materials, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) can help to compute the CSD using the Delaunay tessellation method. However, a more realistic CSD can be obtained by merging adjacent Delaunay cells based on the concept of the overlap of their maximal inscribed void spheres. Following this consideration and by extending the previously developed analytical models of CSD, a revised model is proposed to quickly obtain the CSD. The DEM data generated are then used to explore the potential of transport of fine particles through a filter of a given thickness by means of numerical filtration tests. A correlation has been found between the CSD and the possibility of migration of fine grains. Accordingly, an analytical formula has been proposed to calculate the controlling constriction size of a filter material. This characteristic size, which takes into account the particle size distribution (PSD) and the density of the material, has been used to reformulate a constriction-based criterion in a more physical manner. The proposed filter design criterion is verified based on experimental data from past studies and a good agreement has been found.
12

Density‑Dependent Pore Water Pressure Evolution in a Simplified Cyclic Shear Test

Baćić, Božana, Herle, Ivo 22 August 2024 (has links)
When specimens of different sands are produced using the same preparation method and sheared under the same conditions (consolidation stress, loading, etc.), while simultaneously keeping the drainage closed, the resulting tendencies of these sands regarding the PWP build-up will be different. This research paper presents a simplified cyclic shear test, which is used to evaluate the accumulation of PWP in sands under defined specimen preparation procedure and testing conditions. In the proposed experiment, a comparison of different sands with this respect is easily achieved. The principle of this experimental method is based on the evolution of the PWP during cyclic shearing of a water-saturated sand sample. Undrained conditions during the experiment allow for the evolution of the PWP, which is quantified by the rate of the PWP build-up. The duration of a single cyclic shear test, including specimen preparation, is approximately 30 min. The evaluation of the rate of the PWP build-up for different densities resulted in an exponential dependence of the PWP build-up on the variation of the relative density. The results confirmed a higher generation of PWP in a fine sand compared to a coarse sand. A comparison with the results of undrained cyclic triaxial tests in the case of eight different sands demonstrated a good agreement between both experimental methods. The basis for the comparison was the density-dependent evolution of PWP in these methods. The presented method delivers a value (index) that quantifies the PWP build-up in sands under the defined testing conditions.

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