Current trends in ERP system were studied by conducting research and analyzes to see to what degree are current ERP trends reflected in existing ERP solutions that are being developed by both Czech and multinational vendors. For the purposes of the research a set of hypotheses was formulated and used to analyze the selected solutions. The research found two trends that are represented in the majority of selected ERP solutions. The application of cloud computing technology and the suitability to use particular solutions as two-tiered ERP. It was also found that all researched vendors to a certain degree implement the principles of Green ICT, although no vendor specifically labeled their software as Green ERP. It was also found that the term Social ERP doesn't appear to be an acceptable term for ERP vendors, although Social ERP functionality of some degree was found to be present in ERP solutions from multinational vendors.

Energy issues gathered strong attention over the past decade, reaching IT data processing infrastructures. Now, they need to cope with such responsibility, adjusting existing platforms to reach acceptable performance while promoting energy consumption reduction. As the de facto platform for Big Data, Apache Hadoop has evolved significantly over the last years, with more than 60 releases bringing new features. By implementing the MapReduce programming paradigm and leveraging HDFS, its distributed file system, Hadoop has become a reliable and fault tolerant middleware for parallel and distributed computing over large datasets. Nevertheless, Hadoop may struggle under certain workloads, resulting in poor performance and high energy consumption. Users increasingly demand that high performance computing solutions address sustainability and limit energy consumption. In this thesis, we introduce HDFSH, a hybrid storage mechanism for HDFS, which uses a combination of Hard Disks and Solid-State Disks to achieve higher performance while saving power in Hadoop computations. HDFSH brings, to the middleware, the best from HDs (affordable cost per GB and high storage capacity) and SSDs (high throughput and low energy consumption) in a configurable fashion, using dedicated storage zones for each storage device type. We implemented our mechanism as a block placement policy for HDFS, and assessed it over six recent releases of Hadoop with different architectural properties. Results indicate that our approach increases overall job performance while decreasing the energy consumption under most hybrid configurations evaluated. Our results also showed that, in many cases, storing only part of the data in SSDs results in significant energy savings and execution speedups / Ao longo da última década, questões energéticas atraíram forte atenção da sociedade, chegando às infraestruturas de TI para processamento de dados. Agora, essas infraestruturas devem se ajustar a essa responsabilidade, adequando plataformas existentes para alcançar desempenho aceitável enquanto promovem a redução no consumo de energia. Considerado um padrão para o processamento de Big Data, o Apache Hadoop tem evoluído significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos, com mais de 60 versões lançadas. Implementando o paradigma de programação MapReduce juntamente com o HDFS, seu sistema de arquivos distribuídos, o Hadoop tornou-se um middleware tolerante a falhas e confiável para a computação paralela e distribuída para grandes conjuntos de dados. No entanto, o Hadoop pode perder desempenho com determinadas cargas de trabalho, resultando em elevado consumo de energia. Cada vez mais, usuários exigem que a sustentabilidade e o consumo de energia controlado sejam parte intrínseca de soluções de computação de alto desempenho. Nesta tese, apresentamos o HDFSH, um sistema de armazenamento híbrido para o HDFS, que usa uma combinação de discos rígidos e discos de estado sólido para alcançar maior desempenho, promovendo economia de energia em aplicações usando Hadoop. O HDFSH traz ao middleware o melhor dos HDs (custo acessível por GB e grande capacidade de armazenamento) e SSDs (alto desempenho e baixo consumo de energia) de forma configurável, usando zonas de armazenamento dedicadas para cada dispositivo de armazenamento. Implementamos nosso mecanismo como uma política de alocação de blocos para o HDFS e o avaliamos em seis versões recentes do Hadoop com diferentes arquiteturas de software. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem aumenta o desempenho geral das aplicações, enquanto diminui o consumo de energia na maioria das configurações híbridas avaliadas. Os resultados também mostram que, em muitos casos, armazenar apenas uma parte dos dados em SSDs resulta em economia significativa de energia e aumento na velocidade de execução

Abstract Energy efficiency is a powerful measure for promoting sustainability in technological evolution and ensuring feasible battery life of end-user devices in mobile computing. Peer-to-peer technology provides decentralized and self-organizing architecture for distributing content between devices in networks that scale up almost infinitely. However, peer-to-peer networking may require lots of resources from peer nodes, which in turn may lead to increased energy consumption on mobile devices. For this reason, peer-to-peer networking has so far been considered unfeasible for mobile environment. This thesis makes several contributions towards enabling energy-aware peer-to-peer networking in mobile environments. First, an empirical study is conducted to understand the energy consumption characteristics of radio interfaces and typical composition of traffic in structured peer-to-peer networks. This is done in order to identify the most essential obstacles for utilizing peer-to-peer technology in mobile environments. Second, the e-Aware model for estimating the energy consumption of a mobile device is developed and empirically verified to achieve 3-21% error in comparison to real-life measurements. Third, the e-Mon model for the energy-aware load monitoring of peer nodes is developed and demonstrated to improve the battery life of mobile peer nodes up to 470%. Fourth, the ADHT concept of mobile agent based virtual peers is proposed for sharing the peer responsibilities between peer nodes in a subnet so that they can participate in a peer-to-peer overlay without compromising their battery life. The results give valuable insight into implementing energy-efficient peer-to-peer systems in mobile environments. The e-Aware energy consumption model accelerates the development of energy-efficient networking solutions by reducing the need for time-consuming iterations between system development and evaluations with real-life networks and devices. The e-Mon load monitoring model facilitates the participation of battery-powered devices in peer-to-peer and other distributed networks by enabling energy-aware load balancing where energy-critical mobile nodes carry less load than other nodes. The ADHT facilitates the participation of constrained-capacity wireless devices, such as machine-to-machine nodes, in a peer-to-peer network by allowing them to sleep for most of their time. / Tiivistelmä Energiatehokkuus on kustannustehokas tapa vähentää päätelaitteiden käytön aiheuttamia kasvihuonepäästöjä sekä parantaa niiden akunkestoa. Vertaisverkkoteknologia tarjoaa hajautetun, itseorganisoituvan, sekä lähes rajattomasti skaalautuvan verkkoarkkitehtuurin päätelaitteiden väliseen tallennustilan, mediasisältöjen ja tietoliikennekapasiteetin suorajakamiseen. Vertaisverkkojen suurin heikkous mobiilikäytön näkökulmasta on niiden päätelaitteille aiheuttama ylimääräinen kuormitus, mikä näkyy lisääntyneenä energiankulutuksena. Tässä väitöskirjassa on tutkittu mekanismeja vertaisverkon päätelaitteiden energiatehokkuuden parantamiseksi, tavoitteena riittävä akunkesto mobiilikäytössä. Aluksi työssä tutkittiin empiirisesti langattomien verkkojen mobiilipäätelaitteille aiheuttamaa energiankulutusta sekä rakenteellisten vertaisverkkojen vertaispäätelaitteille aiheuttamaa liikennekuormitusta. Tavoitteena oli muodostaa käsitys suurimmista haasteista mobiililaitteiden käytölle vertaisverkoissa. Seuraavaksi mobiiliverkkojen energiankulutusta koskevasta havaintoaineistosta muodostettiin energiankulutusmalli, e-Aware, jolla voitiin arvioida mobiilipäätelaitteen energiankulutusta erilaisilla verkon liikenneprofiileilla. Mallilla saavutettiin parhaimmillaan kolmen prosentin keskimääräinen virhe. Kolmannessa vaiheessa kehitettiin energiatietoinen kuormanseurantamalli, e-Mon, jota käyttäen saavutettiin jopa 470 % lisäys mobiilin vertaispäätelaitteen akunkestoon. Viimeisessä vaiheessa kehitettiin ADHT-konsepti, joka on uudentyyppinen tapa jakaa vertaispäätelaitteiden kuormaa usean saman verkkoklusterin päätelaitteen kesken käyttäen laitteesta toiseen kiertävää mobiiliagenttia. Väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat että mobiililaitteiden energiatehokkuutta vertaisverkoissa pystytään olennaisesti parantamaan energiatietoisia kuormanjakomekanismeja käyttäen. Työssä kehitetty e-Aware nopeuttaa energiatehokkaiden hajautettujen järjestelmien kehitystyötä tarjoamalla tehokkaan työkalun järjestelmän energiankulutuksen arvioimiseen jo kehitysvaiheessa. e-Mon mahdollistaa energiatietoisen kuormanjaon vertaisverkoissa tarjoamalla tarvittavan kuormanseurantamallin. ADHT puolestaan tarjoaa uudenlaisen tavan vähentää vertaisverkkojen aiheuttamaa päätelaitekuormitusta hyödyntäen maksimaalisesti rajoitetun kapasiteetin laitteiden unitilojen käyttöön perustuvaa energiankulutusoptimointia.

Energy issues gathered strong attention over the past decade, reaching IT data processing infrastructures. Now, they need to cope with such responsibility, adjusting existing platforms to reach acceptable performance while promoting energy consumption reduction. As the de facto platform for Big Data, Apache Hadoop has evolved significantly over the last years, with more than 60 releases bringing new features. By implementing the MapReduce programming paradigm and leveraging HDFS, its distributed file system, Hadoop has become a reliable and fault tolerant middleware for parallel and distributed computing over large datasets. Nevertheless, Hadoop may struggle under certain workloads, resulting in poor performance and high energy consumption. Users increasingly demand that high performance computing solutions address sustainability and limit energy consumption. In this thesis, we introduce HDFSH, a hybrid storage mechanism for HDFS, which uses a combination of Hard Disks and Solid-State Disks to achieve higher performance while saving power in Hadoop computations. HDFSH brings, to the middleware, the best from HDs (affordable cost per GB and high storage capacity) and SSDs (high throughput and low energy consumption) in a configurable fashion, using dedicated storage zones for each storage device type. We implemented our mechanism as a block placement policy for HDFS, and assessed it over six recent releases of Hadoop with different architectural properties. Results indicate that our approach increases overall job performance while decreasing the energy consumption under most hybrid configurations evaluated. Our results also showed that, in many cases, storing only part of the data in SSDs results in significant energy savings and execution speedups / Ao longo da última década, questões energéticas atraíram forte atenção da sociedade, chegando às infraestruturas de TI para processamento de dados. Agora, essas infraestruturas devem se ajustar a essa responsabilidade, adequando plataformas existentes para alcançar desempenho aceitável enquanto promovem a redução no consumo de energia. Considerado um padrão para o processamento de Big Data, o Apache Hadoop tem evoluído significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos, com mais de 60 versões lançadas. Implementando o paradigma de programação MapReduce juntamente com o HDFS, seu sistema de arquivos distribuídos, o Hadoop tornou-se um middleware tolerante a falhas e confiável para a computação paralela e distribuída para grandes conjuntos de dados. No entanto, o Hadoop pode perder desempenho com determinadas cargas de trabalho, resultando em elevado consumo de energia. Cada vez mais, usuários exigem que a sustentabilidade e o consumo de energia controlado sejam parte intrínseca de soluções de computação de alto desempenho. Nesta tese, apresentamos o HDFSH, um sistema de armazenamento híbrido para o HDFS, que usa uma combinação de discos rígidos e discos de estado sólido para alcançar maior desempenho, promovendo economia de energia em aplicações usando Hadoop. O HDFSH traz ao middleware o melhor dos HDs (custo acessível por GB e grande capacidade de armazenamento) e SSDs (alto desempenho e baixo consumo de energia) de forma configurável, usando zonas de armazenamento dedicadas para cada dispositivo de armazenamento. Implementamos nosso mecanismo como uma política de alocação de blocos para o HDFS e o avaliamos em seis versões recentes do Hadoop com diferentes arquiteturas de software. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem aumenta o desempenho geral das aplicações, enquanto diminui o consumo de energia na maioria das configurações híbridas avaliadas. Os resultados também mostram que, em muitos casos, armazenar apenas uma parte dos dados em SSDs resulta em economia significativa de energia e aumento na velocidade de execução

[ES] En la actualidad, cada vez existen más y más tareas que necesitamos exportar y automatizar en dispositivos portables de bajo consumo que se alimentan de baterías, en los cuales es imprescindible realizar un uso "optimo" de la energía disponible con la finalidad de no drenarlas rápidamente.En la sección primera de esta tesis, "Filtros de señales de audio digital", "optimizamos" las implementaciones de diferentes filtros, tanto generales como específicos, para aplicaciones de sonido digital diseñados e implantados en plataformas basadas en las arquitecturas ARM®. Como filtros generales, trabajamos con los filtros FIR, IIR y Parallel IIR, siendo este tipo de filtros implementados a bajo nivel con instrucciones vectoriales NEON®. Finalmente, se implementa un filtro de separación de señales conocido como "Beamforming", el cual plantea después de su estudio, la problemática de realizar una factorización QR de una matriz relativamente grande en tiempo real, lo cual nos lleva a desarrollar diferentes técnicas de "aceleración" de los cálculos de la misma. En la segunda parte, "Rellenado de mapa de profundidad de una escena", describimos el proceso de rellenado de un mapa de profundidad de una escena capturada a partir del uso de la imagen RGB y de un mapa de profundidad disperso donde únicamente tenemos valores de profundidad en los bordes de los objetos que componen la escena. Estos algoritmos de "rellenado" del mapa de profundidad, también han sido diseñados e implantados en dispositivos basados en la arquitectura ARM®. / [CA] Actualment, cada vegada existixen més i més tasques que tenen la necessitat d'exportar i automatitzar a dispositius portables de baix consum que s'alimenten amb bateríes, als quals es imprescindible realitzar un ús "óptim" de l'energia disponible amb la finalitat de no drenar-les ràpidament. Part I: Filtres de senyals d'àudio digital En aquesta secció "optimitzarem" les implementacions de diferents filtres, tant generals com específics, empreats a aplicacions de so digital disenyats e implantats a plataformes basades a les arquitectures ARM®. Com a filtres generals, treballem amb els filtres FIR, IIR y Parallel IIR, sent aquests tipus de filtres implementats a baix nivell amb instruccions vectorials NEON®. Finalment, s'implementa un filtro de separació de senyals conegut com "Beamforming", el qual planteja després del seu estudi, la problem`atica de realitzar una factorizació QR d'una matriu relativament gran en temps real, i açó ens porta a desenvolupar diferents tècniques "d'acceleració" dels càlculs de la mateixa. Part II: Emplenat del mapa de profunditat d'una escena A la secció d'image per computador, descrivim el procés d'emplenat d'un mapa de profunditat d'una escena capturada fent servir l'image RGB i un mapa de profunditat dispers on únicament tenim valors de profunditat als bordes dels objetes que composen l'escena. Aquests algoritmes "d'emplenat" del mapa de profunditat, també han sigut disenyats e implantats a dispositius basats en l'arquitectura ARM®. / [EN] Currently, there are more and more tasks that we need to export and automate in low-consumption mobile devices that are powered by batteries, in which it is essential to make an "optimum" use of the available energy in order to do not drain them quickly. Part I: Filters of digital audio signals In this section we "optimize" the implementations of different filters, both general and specific, for digital sound applications designed and implemented on platforms based on the ARM®. As general filters, we work with the FIR, IIR and Parallel IIR filters, these types of filters being implemented at a low level with NEON®vector instructions. Finally, a signal separation filter known as "Beamforming" is implemented, which set out after its study, the problem of performing a QR factorization of a relatively large matrix in real time, which leads us to develop different techniques of "acceleration" of the calculations of it. Part II: Filling the depth map of a scene In the computer image section, we describe the process of filling in a depth map of a captured scene using RGB image and a sparse depth map where we only have depth values at the edges of the objects that make up the scene. These depth map "filling" algorithms have also been designed and implemented in devices based on the ARM® architecture. / Alventosa Rueda, FJ. (2022). Algoritmos de imagen y sonido digital con restricciones de tiempo real [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181573 / TESIS

The Internet is rapidly growing in complexity, with increasing negative environmental and social impact. While heating and lighting are tangible examples of energy consumption, internet usage is not perceived as such. Therefore, it opens up opportunities for new, energy-efficient, slower, resource-saving and mindful protocols for the Internet to emerge. I propose Glow OS, an operating system that enables individuals and communities to align their online activities with intermittent solar energy. This system aims to accelerate the transition to a fossil-free internet by promoting solar literacy in the spirit of joy.

No description available.

Most research in green IT tend to focus on the practices of large IT vendors and companies. There is therefore a need to examine the beliefs and actual behaviour of IT users about green IT, as it significantly impact of energy consumption and computer design on the broader society. The main question to be answered was ―Are IT users generally concerned with regards to green IT issues?‖. Therefore the main purpose of this study was thus to evaluate the beliefs and actual behaviour of IT users regarding green IT in South Africa through a survey that was completed by university students and lecturers. The paucity of available research on this subject pertaining to South Africa justifies the importance of conducting this study. A hypothesised research model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to evaluate the main factors contributing to green IT awareness in an empirical study. A mixed research method was used as the paradigm which combines aspects from both interpretive and positivist research approaches. A questionnaire was used to collect data from university students and lecturers. The data was captured and analysed for convergent validity. The reliability of measurement items was tested using Cronbach‘s alpha. Structural Equation Modelling was used to model latent variables under conditions of non-normality. Subjective norm was the main factor contributing to intended belief and actual behaviour / School of Computing / M.A. (Computer Science)

Most research in green IT tend to focus on the practices of large IT vendors and companies. There is therefore a need to examine the beliefs and actual behaviour of IT users about green IT, as it significantly impact of energy consumption and computer design on the broader society. The main question to be answered was ―Are IT users generally concerned with regards to green IT issues?‖. Therefore the main purpose of this study was thus to evaluate the beliefs and actual behaviour of IT users regarding green IT in South Africa through a survey that was completed by university students and lecturers. The paucity of available research on this subject pertaining to South Africa justifies the importance of conducting this study. A hypothesised research model based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to evaluate the main factors contributing to green IT awareness in an empirical study. A mixed research method was used as the paradigm which combines aspects from both interpretive and positivist research approaches. A questionnaire was used to collect data from university students and lecturers. The data was captured and analysed for convergent validity. The reliability of measurement items was tested using Cronbach‘s alpha. Structural Equation Modelling was used to model latent variables under conditions of non-normality. Subjective norm was the main factor contributing to intended belief and actual behaviour / School of Computing / M.A. (Computer Science)

Summary in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / The natural environment is important for human existence and the ubiquity of Information Technology (IT) has negatively impacted on the natural environment. Green IT offers to address these negative effects. However, since Green IT practices are often not common knowledge, it is vital that they are taught to others. Teachers typically have the skills and opportunities to teach many people. The research problem was the lack of research focusing on the teaching of Green IT in the context of the urgent need for it and teachers’ limited knowledge and competencies relating to Green IT. The study employed a survey research strategy, involving exploratory factor analysis, ANOVA and structural equation modeling (SEM). The main findings indicate that allocating time and resources to improve student teachers’ level of awareness, perceived behavioural control and person-related beliefs would positively influence their intention to teach Green IT, and, in turn, their Green IT teaching. / Die natuurlike omgewing, wat so noodsaaklik is vir menslike voortbestaan, word negatief beïnvloed deur die alomteenwoordigheid van inligtingstegnologie. Groen IT-praktyke kan gebruik word om sodanige negatiewe effekte in te perk, maar aangesien die nodige kennis nie alombekend is nie, moet dit aan ander oorgedra word. Onderwysers het beide die vaardighede en die geleenthede om inligting aan groot groepe mense oor te dra. In dié geval was die navorsingsprobleem ‘n gebrek aan studies wat fokus op die dringende noodsaaklikheid van Groen IT-onderrig, asook onderwysers se beperkte verwante kennis en vaardighede. ‘n Opname is gebruik as navorsingstrategie, met eksploratiewe faktorontleding, variansie-ontleding (ANOVA) en strukturele vergelykingsmodellering (SVM). Ingevolge die hoofbevindinge sal die beskikbaarmaak van tyd en hulpbronne leerlingonderwysers se bewuswordingsvlakke verbeter, sowel as hul waarneembare gedragswetenskaplike beheer en hul persoonsverwante beskouinge, en ‘n positiewe uitwerking hê op hul voorneme om Groen IT te onderrig, wat weer op sy beurt hul Groen IT-onderrig sal bevoordeel. / Imvelo yemvelo ibalulekile ekubeni khona komuntu nokutholakala kobuchwepheshe bezokwazisa kuye kwaba nomthelela omubi emvelweni yemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza bunikeza izindlela zokubhekana nemiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba imikhuba yobuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza ayivamile ukuba ulwazi iv oluvamile, kubalulekile ukuthi ifundiswe kwabanye. Othisha sidalo sabo banawo amakhono namathuba ukufundisa abantu abaningi. Inkinga yocwaningo ukuntuleka kocwaningo okugxila ekufundiseni kobuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza esimweni sesidingo esiphuthumayo sabo, nolwazi olulinganiselwe lothisha kanye namakhono afanelekayo kubuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza. Isu lokucwaninga ucwaningo lwasetshenziswa, okubandakanya ukuhlaziywa kwesici sokuhlola, ANOVA kanye nokuhlelwa kwesifaniselo esiyisilinganiso (SEM). Ukutholwa okusemqoka kubonisa ukuthi ukwabela isikhathi kanye nezinsiza zokuthuthukisa abafundi othisha izinga lokuqwashisa, ukulawula kokuziphatha okubonwayo kanye nezinkolelo ezihlobene nomuntu zizoshukumisa kahle izinhloso zabo ukufundisa ubuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza futhi nemfundiso yabo yobuchwepheshe bezokwazisa obuluhlaza. / University of South Africa / School of Computing / M. Sc. (Computing)