Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project / Climate is an important factor for regional planners whenever they make decisions that concern the future shape and functions of a city. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of green infrastructure as a strategy to alleviate urban heat island effect in coastal cities. Taking Singapore as an example, the tropical climate of this country makes it hot and humid throughout the year. Therefore, the main climate issue of Singapore is the urban heat island effect, which raises temperatures in urban areas as opposed to surrounding rural ones. Regional planning authorities in Singapore have taken this climate factor into consideration making this city a great example for my topic.

Orientador: Camila Pires Cremasco Gabriel / Resumo: Para uma satisfatória produtividade, a cultura do rabanete (Raphanus sativus L.) exige principalmente boa qualidade do solo e grande disponibilidade de água. A irrigação é uma técnica artificial utilizada para disponibilizar água as plantas. Seu uso deve ser criterioso e para que se obtenha menores custos de produção, deve-se evitar o uso desnecessário de água, e consequentemente, energia elétrica. Formas de utilização da água são cada vez mais estudadas, entre elas, a água de irrigação tratada magneticamente, que tem mostrado aprimoramentos produtivos em diversas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de sistemas computacionais baseados em regras fuzzy para previsão de componentes de produção de culturas irrigadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de um experimento conduzido com água de irrigação convencional ou tratada magneticamente, sendo avaliado variáveis biométricas, tais como: peso verde do bulbo, número de folhas, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do bulbo, comprimento do bulbo, peso verde da raiz, peso verde da folha, peso seco da raiz, peso seco da folha e peso seco do bulbo. Como resultado, foi apresentado um conjunto de softwares com uma interface de simples uso e fácil compreensão, que poderá auxiliar os produtores na estimativa dos resultados das variáveis biométricas do rabaneteiro e de outras culturas irrigadas. / Abstract: For satisfactory productivity, the cultivation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) mainly requires good soil quality and great availability of water. Irrigation is an artificial technique used to make water available to plants. Its use must be judicious and to obtain lower production costs, unnecessary use of water and, consequently, electric energy should be avoided. Ways of using water are increasingly studied, among them, magnetically treated irrigation water, which has shown productive improvements in several cultures. The objective of this work was the development of a set of computational systems based on fuzzy rules for forecasting production components of irrigated crops. For that, data from an experiment conducted with conventional irrigation water or magnetically treated water were used, and biometric variables were evaluated, such as green bulb weight, number of leaves, root length, bulb diameter, bulb length, green weight root weight, green leaf weight, dry root weight, dry leaf weight, and dry bulb weight. As a result, a set of software was presented with a simple to use and easy to understand interface, which can assist producers in estimating the results of the biometric variables of the radish feet and other irrigated crops. / Doutor

The main idea of this project was a playful school. The shape of the building follows the river. The group of these objects escalates from small hills to the big corten building on the corner. This corten object is connected with the Black Meadow. The project works with shape of the roofs.

This thesis deals with the public greenery, its division, forms, function, protection and revitalization. Public green is displayed, in this thesis, as an integral part of our everyday life, which is necessary to protect and avoid its destruction due to any development and which is necessary to preserve, maintaine and rebuilt as much as possible. The aim of this thesis is to design a revitalisation study of public greenery in Blatná. For this purpose, were used findings from all various literature sources and also knowledge about the town and the location which is solved in this thesis. Thanks to this work it was possible to gather information about the history and present state of the territory and suggest revitalization based on this knowledge. The designed revitalization of the selected locality is designed so that the area integrates and fulfils the requirements of the local community, both in terms of necessary parking and preservation of greenery. The revitalized area reflects the modern concept of the natural creation of public greenery with its functional use in the form of edible trees and herbs.

Planners in Norrköping municipality today facing a challenge to meet Norrköping'sneeds in the housing market, while at the same time achieving demand for public places and areas such as parks, squares and nature areas. When existing areas within the city's borders are built, so-called densification takes place in the city, whichcan have both positive and negative consequences. The aim of this study is to investigatehow the densification has affected Norrköping's inner city from a social and ecologicalperspective with a focus on free space, and present proposals for measures forbetter management of the densification in central Norrköping. This study has mainly been carried out using a qualitative research method.A qualitative study is based on soft data such as interviews, document analysis and literature studies. The interviews have been conducted with respondents from Norrköpings municipality and the document analysis consists of steering documents obtained from Norrköpings municipality and Pontarius AB. Some data is obtained from documents and studies where results are presented in the form of tables, diagrams, figures and GIS analysis, which means that quantitative methods are also applied. To perform a safer densification, it is important that the municipality establishes safe guidelines and steering documents to relate to. These control documents should be used as a framework for efficient exploitation and ensure that the city's freeareas are developed from a sustainable perspective and that a good quality is includedin the development. It is advantageous that the development of the densification takes placeaccording to guidelines and documentation prepared by the municipality. To ensure maximum efficiency in exploitation, these guidelines should be followed at an early stage. It is also important that there is a balance of free space size and their quality. Too small a surface leads to a higher load and larger surfaces can be perceived as superfluousand a feeling of unsecure. It is recommended to study how the densification developsin connection with the infrastructure and how it will affect free and green areas in the long run. This study is limited to only the inner city of Norrköping. The study also delimits economic and political factors that can influence the planning of the densification and the development of the city’s infrastructure and public transport.

Green space is an essential part of the city urbanism. Research dedicated to development of the greenery and emergence of the first public parks contributes substantially to the understanding of urban issues and urban history. Green space has an aesthetic function, but is also a socially stratified space. Every city has its own unique greenery. It is not different in the case of Prague, whose dominant - Prague Castle creates unique linking of urban and green with Petřín and Malá Strana. The thesis "Green spaces in the city, their development and transformation on the example of Prague in the 19th and 20th century" aims to bring the historical development of Prague's greenery, especially the creation of public green space and point out the fact that people commonly accepted phenomenon of public parks was not always a matter of course. Development of green space, the struggle for its development and rescue, employed clubs, societies and individuals and has become one of the priorities for urban policy. Mainly the contemporary guides were used as a source for this work and for describing the emergence of the first public parks in the 19th century and the transformation of types of urban green areas. Other sources featured professional literature, contemporary book- published titles, memoirs, maps,...

The diploma thesis is focused on the topic of green infrastructure and its importance in a city. The work presents ten selected problems and precautions that cities encounter in the process of planning and designing the greenery. The practical part evaluates the current state of the administration and maintenance of urban greenery in Björnson Park near the Faculty of Civil Engineering in Brno. The analysis of the current situati-on and the problem research showed that the analyzed area has certain deficiencies in the management and care of public greenery. We not only observe a lack of awareness of trees and their needs but also face insufficient knowledge of climate change, which causes cities to overheat. It is necessary to respond to these changes and use all pos-sible precautions that are available.

The submitted diploma thesis aims to evaluate which transformations of the public green occurred at the turn of the 19th and 20th century with the emphasis on areas primarily used for the cultural and social purposes. One of the most significant subjects creating the specific landscape in the industrial cities in this period are the beautification associations; the objective of the thesis is to point out to their importance. In the introductory chapters the issue is integrated into the historical and social context, the basic terms related to the industrial society are defined. The fundamental of running of the beautification associations together with their activities are introduced. The necessary part of this work is also a treatise concerning the importance of public green, its development and typology. The second part includes the regional probe devoted to the transformation of green space within the city Kolín during its transformation into the modern industrial city. On the basis of acquired archival data, is in the frame of this issue, evaluated the activity of the local beautification association, which enabled the creation of contribution regarding the still insufficiently analysed relationship between the society and public green.

Miestai ypatingi žmogaus kūriniai, kuriose želdynai užima labai svarbią vietą. Nuo 2008 m. sausio 1 d. įsigaliojo Želdynų įstatymas (2008.01.14, Nr.D1-31), kurio programoje “Dėl želdynų ir želdinių būklės stebėsenos” numatyti uždaviniai ir jų sprendimo priemonės, siekiant surinkti duomenis ir kitą informaciją apie savivaldybei priskirtoje teritorijoje augančius želdynus ir želdinius, kad būtų galima tinkamai vertinti jų būklę, valdyti ir prognozuoti. To pasekoje, 2009 m. Alytaus miesto savivaldybės Aplinkos apsaugos skyrius paskelbtė konkursą ”Alytaus miesto želdynų ir želdinių būklės stebėsenos 2009–2013 metais parengimas ir vykdymas”. Šio darbo tikslas - įvertinti Alytaus miesto dirvožemio bei jame augančių želdinių būklę. Nustatyti dirvožemio pH, azotingumą, fosforingumą ir kalingumą bei techninės KCl druskos poveikį želdiniams. Želdinių būklės rodikliai – defoliacija, dechromacija, lapų nekrozės ir medžių kamienų pažeidimai vertinti penkių balų skalėmis nuo 1 iki 5, rugpjūčio – rugsėjo mėnesiais. Cheminių analizių duomenys rodo, kad Alytaus parkuose ir skveruose augantiems lapuočiams medžiams bei krūmams dirvožemio pH yra optimalus, t.y. pH 6,0–7,0, spygliuočiams dirvožemis galėtų būti rūgštesnis (optimalus pH 4,5–5,0). Judriųjų fosforo ir kalio kiekiai augalams yra nepakankami (<150 mg kg), išskyrus Angelų-Sargų Bažnyčios skverą, kuriame šių cheminių elementų kiekiai viršija pakankamą normą. Miesto gatvių želdinių dirvožemiai yra šarmiški (pH nuo 7,1 iki 7,8), o Pulko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Cities are extraordinary creations of man, where greenery plays an important role. Since 2008 the Law on landscaping (01/14/2008, Nr.D1-31) came into effect. The program of landscaping and monitoring the plantation condition focuses on the collection of data, assessing, managing, predicting conditions and increasing the green areas and spaces in the territory of the municipality. As a result, in 2009 the Environmental Protection Department of the Alytus Municipality opened the contest for the preparation and monitoring of green spaces in Alytus city in 2009-2013. The aim of our research is to assess the quality of soil and green spaces in the city of Alytus, to determine the soil pH, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as to assess the contamination of soil by sodium and chlorine. The defoliation, discolouration, necrosis of leaves and violation of tree trunks in the green spaces were evaluated on a of the five point scale from 1 to 5 in the period from August to September. Chemical analysis shows that the pH of soil is optimal for the deciduous trees and shrubs in parks and squares of Alytus city (pH 6.0-7.0), but it could be more acid as optimal pH is from 4.5 to 5.0. The amount of phosphorus and potassium in plants is not sufficient (<150mg kg), with the exception of Angels Church Square, where the amount of chemical elements exceeds the norm. The soil of urban street greenery is slightly alkaline (pH from 7.1 to 7.8), and in the Pulkas street the... [to full text]

The main purpose of the diploma thesis is to estimate the impact of urban vegetation on real estate prices in terms of hedonic pricing method and furthermore to suggest a way how the estimated results should be implemented into decision-making within green areas of Prague. In the legal setting of Czech republic, the greenery is almost entirely provided to citizens through public budgets. As many effects of green areas do not come through markets, the decision-making about optimal quantity of greenery supplied comes to be heavily problematic. Concerning this, contibution of urban vegetation to the well-being of residents estimated in this thesis may become fundamental guide-post for public bodies. The theorethical part of the thesis is devoted to the problematics of green areas as an economic good and to the specification of urban greenery in Prague.Then the method used is shortly characterised. The practical part deals with choice of the appropriate variables representing urban greenery on the basis of relevant literature search. The main scope of the practical part is to describe and analyze property data set from Prague and finally to examine the impact of chosen environmental variables on the property prices.