Various aspects of performance (e.g., sprint speed, grip strength) are thought to be important determinants of the success of animals in natural activities such as foraging, mating, and escaping from predators. However, it is generally known that morphological properties enhancing one type of performance (e.g., speed) can lead to a reduction in another (e.g., strength). Such performance trade-offs have been quantified at the inter-specific level, but evidence at the inter-individual level remains equivocal. To test for the presence of a performance trade-off, I initiated a study on wild white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). In summer 2016, I captured a total of 186 individuals, 87 of which were repeatedly phenotyped for grip strength and sprint speed. A significant positive relationship was found between body mass and grip strength (but not for sprint speed). Individual differences in performance were repeatable through time for both grip strength and sprint speed. Using a bivariate mixed model, I detected a significant negative correlation between grip strength and sprint speed at the among-individual level. By contrast, the within-individual correlation between grip strength and sprint speed tended to be positive, suggesting that some unquantified aspects of the mouse phenotype (e.g., body condition, age) may have a positive effect on both performance traits. Given the relatively low repeatability of grip strength and sprint speed, a failure to properly partition the correlation at the among- and within-individual level generates a counter-intuitive, positive correlation. This study is one the first to detect a performance trade-off at the among-individual level in a wild animal population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Fagundes Goethel.pdf: 1590838 bytes, checksum: 1839448bf478fedce4eed161ec9e8a38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of grip in Judo. The study included 08 athletes with a degree of black belt in Judo, male, over 18 years, competing at the international level and who seek to place the 2012 London Olympics. To characterize the types of grip that make up the judo technique to grab the opponent, there were shots of fighting athletes in training, was used a spreadsheet where identifies the type of grip on the judogi specific locations and also in relation to specific by hand. As for the quantification of the kind of grip on fighting, videos of international competitions were analyzed, was used a spreadsheet that quantifies the number of grips on each site judogi the opponent, so that later was made an indirect relationship with the spreadsheet data characterization and thus to obtain a quantification of the types of grip in international fights. For the measurement of handgrip dynamometers were used developed by Instrumentation Laboratory (LABIN/CEFID/UDESC). The handgrip strength was measured for 30 seconds, three times in the dominant hand and three times in the non dominant hand with measures interspersed in his hands, sitting, adapted from the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT). Was analyzed the following parameters of the Force vs. Time curve of the grip types identified, maximum force (FMAX), reaction time (TREACT), time to maximum force (TFMAX), growth rate of force (TXCRESC) and the Index fall of force (IQ). Among the results cited that were identified in all three ways to grip used by judokas: Full Palmar, digit-palmar and a third consisting of an association between Digit-palmar and lateral pinch. To check the difference in the use of forms of grip, between the dominant and non dominant hand was used Wilcoxon test where differences were found in the use of all forms of grip, in his hands. To see if there was a difference between the parameters of force-time curve of the ways to grip seen between the dominant and non dominant hand was used T test for paired data in the parametric data and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric, difference lying only in the Index fall of force of the Full palmar. To correlate the use of a way to grip with the behavior of their parameters from force-time curve was used Pearson's correlation test for parametric data and Spearman correlation test for non-parametric, and correlation was found in four cases. Two correlations were positive: use of Digit-palmar grip and the maximum force Full Palmar in the dominant hand and Full Palmar grip use and time to the maximum force in the non dominant hand. The other two correlations are presented as negative: Full Palmar grip use and maximum force Palmar grip in the dominant hand and the use of the association of Digit-palmar and lateral pinch and reaction time of lateral pinch grip on non dominant hand. The data obtained from the study demonstrate the difference function and use of the hands of judo, and how the usage is correlated with the parameters of force-time curve, explaining a specific conditioning. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características da preensão manual no Judô. Participaram do estudo 08 praticantes de judô com graduação de faixa preta, do sexo masculino, maiores de 18 anos, que competem em nível internacional e que buscam vaga para a Olimpíada de Londres 2012. Para a caracterização dos tipos de preensão que compõem a pegada do Judô, foram realizadas filmagens dos atletas desempenhando pegadas no treinamento, utilizou-se uma planilha onde se identifica o tipo de preensão em locais específicos do judogui e com especificidade também em relação à mão. Já para a quantificação do tipo de preensão em lutas, vídeos de competições internacionais foram analisados, utilizou-se uma planilha que quantifica o número de pegas em cada local do judogui do adversário, para que posteriormente fosse realizada uma relação indireta com os dados da planilha de caracterização e assim obtivesse-se uma quantificação dos tipos de preensão em lutas internacionais. Para a mensuração da preensão manual foram utilizados dinamômetros desenvolvidos pelo Laboratório de Instrumentação (LABIN/CEFID/UDESC). A Força de preensão manual foi avaliada durante 30 segundos, três vezes na mão dominante e três vezes na mão não dominante com mediadas intercaladas entre as mãos, na posição sentada, adaptada da Sociedade Americana de Terapeutas da Mão (ASHT). Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros da curva de Força x Tempo dos tipos de pega identificados, Força máxima (FMAX), Tempo de reação (TREACT), o Tempo até a força máxima (TFMAX), Taxa de crescimento da força (TXCRESC) e o Índice de queda da força (IQ). Entre os resultados cita-se que foram identificadas no total três formas de pega utilizadas pelos judocas: Palmar Plena, Dígito-palmar e uma terceira que consiste em uma associação entre Dígito-palmar e Pinça Lateral. Para verificar a diferença no uso das formas de pega, entre a mão dominante e não dominante foi utilizado o Teste de Wilcoxon onde foi encontrada diferença no uso de todas as formas de pega, entre as mãos. Para verificar se existia diferença entre os parâmetros da curva força x tempo das formas de pega identificadas entre a mão dominante e não dominante foi utilizado Teste T para dados pareados nos dados paramétricos e Teste de Wilcoxon para os não paramétricos, encontrando diferença somente no Índice de queda da força de preensão Palmar Plena. Para correlacionar o uso de uma forma de pega e o comportamento de seus respectivos parâmetros da curva força x tempo foi utilizado o Teste de Correlação de Pearson para os dados paramétricos e o Teste de Correlação de Spearman para os não paramétricos, sendo que foi encontrada correlação em quatro casos. Duas correlações obtiveram resultado positivo: uso de preensão Dígito-palmar e a força máxima Palmar Plena na mão dominante e o uso da preensão Palmar Plena e o tempo até a força máxima na mão não dominante. As outras duas correlações se apresentaram como negativas: uso da preensão Palmar Plena e a força máxima de preensão Palmar na mão dominante e uso da associação Dígito-palmar e Pinça Lateral e o tempo de reação da preensão de Pinça Lateral na mão não dominante. Os dados obtidos com a pesquisa demonstram a diferença de função e de utilização das mãos dos judocas, bem como de que forma a utilização se correlaciona com parâmetros da curva de força x tempo, explicando um condicionamento específico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo.pdf: 656486 bytes, checksum: f5d59d173920ae86c82f60ae88deaef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the parameters of the isometric handgrip strength curves in highly trained judo athletes from different categories. 44 judo athletes who were participating of the VII Troféu Brasil, which took place in Porto Alegre, RS and 25 Physical Education students participated of this study. The handgrip strength was evaluated using a dynamometer built at LABIN, located on CEFID/UDESC. The evaluation of the judo athletes was performed during the championship weighing, in Porto Alegre, and the evaluation of the students was performed at LABIN. The handgrip strength was evaluated for 10 seconds, with one attempt on the dominant hand and one attempt on the non dominant hand, on the seated position adapted from the ASHT. The parameters evaluated were Maximum force (FMAX), Time to maximum force (T100), impulse to maximum force (imp100), rate of decrease (IQ) and impulse (imparea1). For the analysis regarding the athletes, the individuals were divided into three groups, according to their body mass (MC), into two groups according to their results and into two groups according to T100. To eliminate the influence of MC over the strength values recorded on both tests and allow the comparison between individuals of different categories and consequently of different body sizes, the allometric scaling was performed on the FMAX. After the statistical analysis was conducted, differences between the lighter and heavier categories in the handgrip strength curve parameters were found. In this case, the correction of the strength values by the corrected MC eliminated the influence of the MC for the categories. Concerning the result of the competition, relative values highlighted the differences between the groups. It is suggested that further studies are conducted, investigating the handgrip strength in judo athletes, for a better understanding of the differences between he categories and a closer investigation to the sport. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros das curvas de força de preensão manual isométrica em judocas de alto nível competitivo e de diferentes categorias. Participaram do estudo 44 judocas participantes do VII Troféu Brasil, realizado em Porto Alegre, RS. Para a mensuração da preensão manual foi utilizado um dinamômetro de preensão manual desenvolvido no Laboratório de Instrumentação (LABIN), do Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do esporte (CEFID) da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). A avaliação dos judocas foi realizada durante a pesagem da competição, em Porto Alegre, e a dos estudantes foi realizada no LABIN. A preensão manual foi avaliada durante 10 segundos, uma vez na mão dominante e uma vez na mão não-dominante, na posição sentada, adaptada da Sociedade Americana de Terapeutas da Mão (ASHT). Foram analisadas a Força máxima (FMAX), o Tempo até a força máxima (T100), impulso até a força máxima (imp100); Índice de queda (IQ) e o impulso total (imparea1). Para as análises, os judocas foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a massa corporal (MC), em dois grupos de acordo com o resultado na competição e para a análise em função do T100 em dois grupos. No intuito de eliminar a influência da MC sobre os valores de força registrados em ambos os testes e possibilitar a comparação entre indivíduos de diferentes categorias e conseqüentemente de diferentes tamanhos corporais, foi realizado o ajuste alométrico na FMAX pela MC1, MC0,67 e MC0,393. Depois de realizada a análise estatística, foram encontradas diferenças entre as categorias mais leves e as mais pesadas de judocas em parâmetros da curva de preensão tanto sem quanto com ajuste alométrico. O ajuste alométrico da força pela MC0,393 pareceu eliminar a influência da MC na força para judocas de diferentes categorias. Considerando o resultado da competição o MC0,393 evidenciou a diferença de força entre os grupos em valores ajustados, sendo os melhores colocados mais fortes tanto absoluta quanto relativamente. Sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados investigando a força de preensão manual em judocas, buscando um maior entendimento das diferenças apontadas entre as diferentes categorias e uma maior aproximação da prática do esporte.

Introduction: A complex interaction between muscles, tendons, bones, joints and nerves are required for optimal function of the human hand. It is known that an individual’s grip strength is vital for performance of physical demanding tasks such as strength training with free weights. Strength training including a thicker grip around the bar may enhance the strength of the grip in the athlete without other special routines for grip strength development. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the difference in performance in multiple repetitions in two strength training exercises using two different sizes on the bar, to look for correlations between grip strength of the subjects hand and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar and finally the correlation of hand size and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar. Method: 15 strength training men (23,9 ± 4,1 years), underwent measurements of hand size, maximum grip strength, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), a 80 % of 1RM weight strength test with two different  bar sizes. Results: The results from the present investigation indicates a 21,1 % reduction of 80 % of 1 RM weight performance in repetitions executed in the bench press with the thicker diameter of the bar and a 66,2 % reduction in repetitions executed with a 80 % of 1 RM weight in the lying bench row with the thicker diameter of the bar. The size of the hand or the maximum grip strength does not influences the performance in the 80 % of 1 RM strength test. Conclusion: With support of the results from this present investigation the size of the bar diameter significant influences the performance in maximum repetitions executed in a set in strength training with free weights, in a rowing exercise the repetitions executed reduced with 66,2 % and in the bench press the reduction of executed repetitions were 21,1 % with the thicker diameter of the bar. The size of the hand do not influences the performance of maximal executed repetitions with the thicker bar diameter. Maximal grip strength has no influence of the performance according to the findings of this investigation.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Zuzana Drobná Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title: Dynamometry as a prognostic and prediction marker Dynamometry is a method for measuring muscle strength. It is one of the methods of biomechanical motion analysis. There are two types of dynamometry. Isokinetic dynamometry is based on isokinetic muscle contraction. In this contraction, the muscles change their length. Isometric dynamometry is based on isometric muscle contraction. The length of the muscle does not change during the contraction. In my master thesis, 22 studies were included. Of this, 18 were engaged in a dynamometer, which measured muscle strength. Studies have been focused on prediction of short and long-term mortality, prognosis of hospitalized and severely ill patients, prediction of disease symptoms (cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease). I searched for studies according to the PubMed database. In 16 studies, it was confirmed that dynamometry can be used in the present time as a reliable diagnostic, predictive and prognostic method. Dynamometry is characterized as a simple, objective, non-invasive, easily transposable and reproducible method. Keywords: dynamometer, muscle...

This study analyzed the relationships present between grip strength, wrist flexion, arm length, partial and total, and throwing velocity. Thirty-one subjects were tested to obtain the data on these variables. A multiple linear regression equation produced a significant F ratio for the relationship between grip strength and throwing velocity. Neither wrist flexion nor arm length obtained a significant F ratio to throwing velocity. A stepwise multiple regression equation again displayed a significant F ratio for grip strength and throwing velocity. Wrist flexion and arm length did not produce a significant F ratio for their relationships to throwing velocity. This study concludes that of the variables tested, only grip strength displayed a significant relationship to throwing velocity. This study indicates that throwing velocity can be predicted at a moderate level from the measurement of grip strength.

Bakgrund: Sportfysioterapeuter hjälper atleter att förbättra sport-specifika förmågor. Inom ishockey är slagskottet den skotteknik som producerar den snabbaste puckhastigheten. Handgreppsstyrka har visat sig vara viktig för en hockeyspelares sport-specifika förmågor och klubbrörelser. Skridskohastighet är en viktig variabel sett till hockeyspelares övergripande prestationsnivå. Syfte: Att undersöka den genomsnittliga maximala skotthastigheten, den genomsnittliga maximala handgreppsstyrkan och den genomsnittliga maximala skridskohastigheten hos en grupp manliga svenska elithockeyspelare och undersöka sambandet mellan den maximala skotthastigheten och den maximala handgreppsstyrkan samt skridskohastigheten. Metod: Ett lag på tjugotre manliga elithockeyspelare tillfrågades varav tjugo deltog i studien. Endast utespelare tillfrågades. Tvärsnittstudie med kvantitativ ansats bestående av enstaka mätningar på en grupp. Skotthastighet, handgreppsstyrka och skridskohastighet mättes en gång per testperson vid tre separata tillfällen. Resultat: Sjutton hockeyspelare slutförde studien. Den genomsnittliga maximala skotthastigheten var 128,167 km/h. Den genomsnittliga maximala handgreppsstyrkan var 60,2 kg. Den genomsnittliga skridskohastigheten var 1,405s mätt på en sträcka av 15 meter. Sambandet mellan skotthastighet och handgreppsstyrka var svagt negativt och ej statistiskt signifikant (r=-0,042; p=0,876). Sambandet mellan skotthastighet och skridskohastighet var svagt negativt och ej statistiskt signifikant (r=-0177; p=0,508).     Konklusion: De genomsnittliga maximala värdena på skotthastighet, handgreppsstyrka och skridskohastighet är jämförbara med andra studiers värden. Sambandet mellan skotthastighet och handgreppstyrka samt skridskohastighet var svagt vilket pekar på att dessa faktorer inte är en indikator på skotthastigheten vid ett slagskott. Fler studier behövs för att stödja studiens resultat. / Background: Sportsfysiotherapists help athletes improve their sport-specific abilities. In ice-hockey, the slap shot is the shot-technique that produces the greatest puck velocity. Hand grip strength have shown to be important to hockey players sport-specific abilities and stick movements. Skating speed is an important variable for the hockey players overall performance.    Aim: To investigate the mean hand grip strength, skating speed and shooting speed on a group swedish male elite ice-hockey players and investigate the correlation between these factors.     Methods: A team of twentythree male elite hockey players were asked to participate in the study. Twenty players participated. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach consisting of single measures on one group. Puck velocity, handgrip strength and skating speed were measured one time per player on three separate sessions.    Results: Seventeen hockey players completed the studie. The mean puck velocity was 128,167 km/h. The mean hand grip strength were 60,2 kg. The mean shooting speed were 1,405s measured on a distance of 15 meters. The correlation between puck velocity and hand grip strength were not statistically significant weak negative (r=-0,042; p=0,876). The correlation between mean puck velocity and shooting speed were not statistically significant weak negative(r=-0,177; p=0,508).    Conclusion: The mean maximal values of puck velocity, hand grip strength and shooting speed are comparable with similar values from other studies. The correlation between puck velocity and hand grip strength and shooting speed were weak which indicate that these factors do not affect the puck velocity from a slap shot. Further studies are needed to strengthen this study's result.

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Humans use their hands on a daily basis, and they are a fundamental part of our lives both in terms of our work and our everyday activities. One of the key things that our hands allow us to do is grab onto objects. Unfortunately however, sometimes this ability to grab onto things becomes weakened, for example due to old age or diseases such as arthritis. This project was aimed to see if mechatronic engineering could be implemented to remedy this problem, while maintaining good accessibility and design. The resulting solution was a glove with pressure sensors and an integrated pulley system, which would provide a pulling force on the fingers and allow the user to get a reinforced grip on objects. A key factor in this design was to provide adequate function, without compromising form, i.e making the glove easy to wear and not clunky. The resulting glove provided substantial support to the test subjects grip strength, and presented a valid way to counteract their weekend state. However, the form was still considered too clunky and not efficient enough to warrant daily use. For future work, alternative pulley systems might be a valid option to slim down the glove and make it more accessible. Collaborating with people from the mechatronics industry, specifically those geared towards human augmentation, may also be beneficial to those with lacking experience or connections in the subject area. Conducting research specifically about what is considered “easy to use” may also be necessary to further solidify any changes in design. / Människor använder sina händer vardagligen, och de är en fundamental del av våra liv vad gäller både vardagssysslor och arbete. En av de viktigaste funktionerna våra händer utgör är att de tillåter oss att greppa tag i saker. Tyvärr händer det dock att denna förmåga försvagas exempelvis på grund av ålder eller sjukdomar såsom artros. Detta projekt var ämnat att se om en mekatronisk lösning kunde användas för att åtgärda detta problem, utan att göra uppoffringar vad gäller enkel design och tydlig form. Resultatet var en handske med trycksensorer och en integrerad motor som erbjöd en dragande kraft i fingrarna och ett förstärkt grepp. Den resulterande handsken erbjöd tillfredsställande support till testpersonerna greppstyrka och visade sig vara en rimlig lösning på de problem som individens artros ställt till med. Dessvärre ansågs formen fortfarande lite för otymplig och svårhanterad för att tillfredsställa önskemålen i den aspekten. För fortsatt arbete kan en annorlunda integration av motorn vara ett rimligt alternativ för att slimma ner handsken. Samarbete med företag inom robotik och mänskliga proteser kan också vara gynnsamt, speciellt för de med liten erfarenhet eller med fåtal kontakter inom testområdet. Tydligare efterforskning på vad som är “enkelt att använda” kan också leda designen i en bättre riktning.

Introduction Lateral elbow pain is a common disorder and affects 1-3 % of the population each year. Beside the typical characterization with pain in restricted dorsal and radial deviation of the wrist and local tenderness of the lateral epicondyle, a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve can co-exist with the tendon dysfunction.  Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of individualized neurodynamic treatment in combination with neurodynamic self-treatment in patient with persistent lateral elbow pain with a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve on grip strength, pain, disability, and function.  Method A single subject experimental design with A-B-A design was conducted. Seven participants with lateral elbow pain and a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve were recruited for the study. Five participants completed the study which consisted of individualized neurodynamic treatment directed to the neurodynamic dysfunction in combination with home exercises which included self-mobilization with sliders and/or tensioners in combination of the strengthening- and stretching exercises. The treatment was evaluated by pain-free and maximal grip strength, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaires and range of motion of the upper limb neurodynamic test (ULNT) biased n. radialis.   Results The result of this SSED shows that neurodynamic treatment with manual mobilization and self-mobilization improves the ROM of the ULNT n. radialis in all five participants. Neurodynamic treatment also improved outcomes of DASH and PRTEE in 3 of the 5 participants.  Conclusion Neurodynamic treatment including manual mobilization and self-mobilization in combination with individual strength exercises tends to improve self-rated pain and disability, function and mechanosenstivity of the radial nerve in patients with persistent lateral elbow pain.