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Produto potencial e política monetária no BrasilMartello, Raphael Cravo Silva 19 August 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-19 / This work aims to analyze an alternative method for estimating the potential GDP in Brazil using a model with two sectors. This paper replicates a work by Basu & Fernald (2009) for the U.S. economy. Despite some strong assumptions, the results show gains in forecasting potential output in the long run by using a model with two sectors, investment and consumption. For the short term neither model replicate the data of the Brazilian economy. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um método alternativo de estimação do PIB potencial brasileiro através do uso de um modelo com dois setores em trabalho feito por Basu & Fernald (2009) para a economia americana. Apesar de alguns pressupostos fortes, os resultados apontam para ganhos de previsão do produto potencial no longo prazo ao se utilizar um modelo com 2 setores, um de investimento e outro de consumo. Para o curto prazo nem o modelo com 2 setores nem com 1 setor parece replicar os dados da economia brasileira.
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Estimativas das trocas líquidas de carbono em duas áreas de cultivo de arroz irrigado na região central do RS / Estimates of net carbon exchange in two areas of irrigated rice in the central region of the RSCarneiro, Janaína Viário 26 July 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) were investigated in two sites of
irrigated rice in southern Brazil, using the eddy covariance technique over 385 days
of analysis at the site of Paraiso do Sul and 683 days in site Cachoeira do Sul also
used the model of filling the gaps in order to estimate the net ecosystem exchange
CO2 -C (NEE). Throughout the growing season, rice fields, both for the site of
Paraiso do Sul to the site of Cachoeira do Sul, acted as carbon sinks (C). During
fallow periods, these fields were the source of C. The NEE accumulated at the site of
Cachoeira do Sul was similar in both cycles and practically equal to the estimated
site of Paraiso do Sul. The GPP accumulated during the crop cycle 2010-2011, the
rice field of Cachoeira do Sul, was less than 12% of the 2011-2012 cycle and higher
than 15% of the site of Paraiso do Sul. The Re accumulated was similar at the site of
Paraíso do Sul in the 2010-2011 cycle Cachoeira do Sul, but less than the 2011-
2012 cycle. The values of NEE, GPP and R e for the site of Paraíso do Sul were -
270.53 gCm2 , -821.19gCm2 and 527.59gCm2 , respectively. To the site of
Cachoeira do Sul, were -282,53 gCm2 , -933,40gCm2 and 597,05gCm2 for NEE,
GPP and Re , respectively, in the 2010-2011 cycle. For the 2011-2012 cycle in the
rice field of Cachoeira do Sul, the values of NEE, GPP and Re were -279,69gCm2 , -
1062,64gCm2 and 716,58gCm2 , respectively. The total C accumulated over the
period analyzed for the site of Paraíso do Sul was -45,90gCm2 , considering this
area of rice cultivation, as a sink for C. While the growing area of Cachoeira do Sul was considered a source of C (19,94 gCm2 ). Showing by this that long periods of
fallow contribute significantly to the accumulated fluxes due to constant presence of
vegetation. The contribution of this work will assist in the investigation of CO2 in
these ecosystems. / Os fluxos turbulentos de dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) foram investigados em dois sítios
de cultura de arroz irrigado no Sul do Brasil, utilizando a técnica de covariância de
vórtices ao longo de 385 dias de análise no sítio de Paraíso do Sul e de 683 dias, no
sítio de Cachoeira do Sul. Além disso, utilizou-se o modelo de preenchimento das
lacunas com o objetivo de estimar a troca líquida de C-CO2 no ecossistema (NEE).
Ao longo do período de cultivo, os campos de arroz, tanto para o sítio de Paraíso do
Sul quanto para o sítio de Cachoeira do Sul, atuaram como sumidouros de carbono
(C). Durante os períodos de pousio, esses campos foram fontes de C. O NEE
acumulado, no sítio de Cachoeira do Sul foi semelhante em ambos os ciclos e
praticamente igual ao estimado no sítio de Paraíso do Sul. A GPP acumulada
durante o ciclo de cultivo de 2010-2011, no campo de arroz de Cachoeira do Sul, foi
inferior a 12% do ciclo de 2011-2012 e superior em 15% a do sítio de Paraíso do
Sul. A Re acumulada foi semelhante no sítio de Paraíso do Sul e no ciclo de 2010-
2011 de Cachoeira do Sul, mas inferior a do ciclo de 2011-2012. Os valores de NEE,
GPP e Re para o sítio de Paraíso do Sul foram de -270,53 gCm2 , -821,19gCm2 e
527,59gCm2 , respectivamente. Para o sítio de Cachoeira do Sul, foram de -
282,53gCm2 , -933,40gCm2 e 597,05gCm2 para NEE, GPP e Re ,
respectivamente, no ciclo de 2010-2011. Para o ciclo de 2011-2012, no campo de
arroz de Cachoeira do Sul, os valores de NEE, GPP e Re foram de -279,69gCm2 , -
1062,640gCm2 e 716,58gCm2 , respectivamente. O total de C acumulado ao longo
do período analisado para o sítio de Paraíso do Sul foi de -45,90gCm2 ,
considerando esta área de cultivo de arroz, como um sumidouro de C. Enquanto que
a área de cultivo de Cachoeira do Sul foi considerada fonte de C (19,94 gCm2 ).
Mostrando com isso, que períodos longos de pousio contribuem consideravelmente
para os fluxos acumulados devido a permanência constante de vegetação. A
contribuição deste trabalho auxiliará na investigação das emissões de CO2 nesses
ecossistemas.
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Light-Use Efficiency of Coral-Reef Communities: A Sensitivity Analysis Using an Optically Based Model of Reef Productivity and CalcificationPerez, Denise 01 August 2013 (has links)
Biogeochemical processes of reefs have been studied for over fifty years, however, information is still lacking on several fundamental reef processes. This lack of information has been limited essentially by techniques that cannot repeatedly sample large spatial areas. These limitations can be reduced with the use of an optical model to estimate biogeochemical processes. This project applied Monteith's light-use efficiency model to coral reef communities for determining photosynthetic and calcification efficiency of light. Gross primary production and net calcification were pooled from the peer-reviewed literature to calculate efficiency. Process efficiency was then compared across functional types of reef communities (i.e., coral, algae/seagrasses, mixed, and sand), and by year, location, season, and depth. Photosynthetic efficiency was calculated from 19 studies, showing an average of 0.039 mol O2 mol-1 photons. Photosynthetic efficiency differed significantly for mixed communities between studies, and for algae/seagrass communities among depths. Calcification efficiency averaged at 0.007 mol CaCO3 mol-1 photons. Significant differences were found in calcification efficiency of algae/seagrasses and mixed reef communities among studies and localities. Additionally, calcification efficiency of algae/seagrasses varied significantly in accordance with depth. Future use of the light-use efficiency model will require determining the efficiency of each functional type to estimate gross production and calcification. Additionally, further investigation of the light-use efficiency model will require long-term measurements of APAR, which is the fraction of incident light absorbed, and the incorporation of environmental parameters that reduce efficiency.
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An analysis of alternative objective measures of economic performance and social development.Hlanti, Msawenkosi Madoda January 2014 (has links)
The measurement of economic performance and social development has become increasingly important as societies have evolved and become more complex. At present nations do not only seek to improve economic performance but are also compelled to improve social development through improvements in socially and environmentally sustainable initiatives. Traditional measures such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is derived from United Nations’ System of National Accounts (SNA) have been criticised given the inability to adequately account for these social and environmental aspects of social development. Given these perceived deficiencies in the conventional measures, several alternative objective measures have been proposed in an attempt to address these shortcomings. Therefore the primary aim of this study is to analyse, via a literature survey, these alternative objective measures of economic performance and social development. The alternative measures that constitute the survey are the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), the Genuine Savings (GS), and the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI). Upon the completion of the literature survey, sustainable development theory is used to evaluate the extent to which the National Accounts and the alternative objective measures are consistent with Hicksian and Fisherian definitions of income and capital, which embody the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. The evaluation reveals that the National Accounts neither conform to the Hicksian nor the Fisherian definitions of income, thus could not be viewed as a measure of sustainable income. It is found that the ISEW is consistent with the Fisherian definition of income and is also a partial indicator of sustainable development. The evaluation of the GS measure reveals that it is consistent with the Hicksian definition but not the Fisherian definition. In terms of overall sustainability, it is argued that GS is a partial measure of weak sustainability. The HDI is similar to the National Accounts, in that it is neither consistent with the Hicksian nor the Fisherian definitions of income and is also not a measure of sustainability. In summary, the study demonstrates that despite GDP's shortcomings as a measure of economic performance and social development, currently, there is no alternative approach which simultaneously addresses every flaw in GDP. However, all the alternatives yield a much better approximation of social development than GDP.
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An analysis of alternative objective measures of economic performance and social development.Hlanti, Msawenkosi Madoda January 2014 (has links)
The measurement of economic performance and social development has become increasingly important as societies have evolved and become more complex. At present nations do not only seek to improve economic performance but are also compelled to improve social development through improvements in socially and environmentally sustainable initiatives. Traditional measures such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is derived from United Nations’ System of National Accounts (SNA) have been criticised given the inability to adequately account for these social and environmental aspects of social development. Given these perceived deficiencies in the conventional measures, several alternative objective measures have been proposed in an attempt to address these shortcomings. Therefore the primary aim of this study is to analyse, via a literature survey, these alternative objective measures of economic performance and social development. The alternative measures that constitute the survey are the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW), the Genuine Savings (GS), and the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI). Upon the completion of the literature survey, sustainable development theory is used to evaluate the extent to which the National Accounts and the alternative objective measures are consistent with Hicksian and Fisherian definitions of income and capital, which embody the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. The evaluation reveals that the National Accounts neither conform to the Hicksian nor the Fisherian definitions of income, thus could not be viewed as a measure of sustainable income. It is found that the ISEW is consistent with the Fisherian definition of income and is also a partial indicator of sustainable development. The evaluation of the GS measure reveals that it is consistent with the Hicksian definition but not the Fisherian definition. In terms of overall sustainability, it is argued that GS is a partial measure of weak sustainability. The HDI is similar to the National Accounts, in that it is neither consistent with the Hicksian nor the Fisherian definitions of income and is also not a measure of sustainability. In summary, the study demonstrates that despite GDP's shortcomings as a measure of economic performance and social development, currently, there is no alternative approach which simultaneously addresses every flaw in GDP. However, all the alternatives yield a much better approximation of social development than GDP.
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Leasing z pohledu IFRS a české legislativy / Leases under IFRS and czech legislationKrejčí, Miloš January 2007 (has links)
Thesis deals with leasing transactions in view of czech accounting and tax legislation and in view of International financial reporting standards. Emphasis is placed on classification of leases as a finance lease and operating lease and especially on different impact of finance lease transactions on the financial statements of lessor and lessee prepared in accordance with czech legislation and IAS/IFRS.
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Změny v daních a vývoj daňových příjmů v době ekonomické krize / Changes in taxes and development of tax revenues during the economic crisisNurmatova, Madina January 2011 (has links)
The work deals with changes in tax area and development of tax state budget revenues during the economic crisis, in the period from 2008 to the present. Theoretical part describes the economic crisis in terms of its origin, development and consequences on the macroeconomic indicators within EU and Czech Republic. The basic concepts of economic theories in order to resolve the economic crisis are stated. Practical part analyzes the specific measures in the tax system and its impact on the economic development. It shows that these measures has failed to fulfill the expected stabilization of the state budget, that the intended reduction of direct taxes and increase indirect taxes has been fulfilled, and also it verifies that effects of discretionary government measures are most evident in 2010-2011, subsequently followed by a decline.
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Convergência de renda: uma análise para os estados nordestinos no perído de 1995-2009Gomes, Rafaela Rodrigues 10 May 2013 (has links)
This paper examines the hypothesis of GDP per capita convergence in the northeastern states, the period 1995-2009, with a focus on human capital. The reason to analyze the Northeast only and not all regions of Brazil is to retain the condition of homogeneity, necessary to analyze convergence issues. Using theories and models of economic growth, we tested the hypothesis of convergence ß- (absolute and conditional) convergence, and -o- during the period analyzed. Using Stata software version 12.1, the coefficients were estimated using panel data with fixed effects, whose main advantage is in capturing behavior changes of the indicators analyzed, obtaining more data, informative and efficient, which would not be possible with only data cross section or time series. The results pointed to the existence of convergence-o-, ß- and ß--absolute-conditional, obtaining, in the case of absolute convergence, growth rates well above those found in the empirical literature. Under the use of proxies of human capital, the conditional convergence proved apparently differentiated between samples considered, revealing the persistence of differences interstate. / O presente trabalho analisa a hipotese da convergencia do PIB per capita nos estados nordestinos, no periodo de 1995-2009, com foco no capital humano. A necessidade de analisar apenas a Regiao Nordeste e nao todas as Regioes do Brasil prendeu-se a satisfazer a condicao de homogeneidade, necessaria para tratar a questao da convergencia. Tendo como aparato as teorias e modelos de crescimento economico, foram testadas as hipoteses de convergencia ß (absoluta e condicional) e convergencia-o- durante o periodo analisado. Utilizando o Software Stata versao 12.1, os coeficientes foram estimados atraves de dados em painel com efeitos fixos, que tem como principal vantagem captar as mudancas no comportamento dos indicadores analisados, obtendo dados mais, informativos e eficientes, o que nao seria possivel apenas com dados cross section ou com series temporais. Os resultados apontaram para a existencia de convergencia-o-, ß-absoluta e ß-condicional, obtendo, no caso da convergencia absoluta, taxas de crescimento bem superiores as encontradas na literatura empirica. Sob a utilizacao de proxies do capital humano, a convergencia condicional mostrou-se aparentemente diferenciada entre as amostras consideradas, revelando a persistencia das diferencas interestaduais.
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Economic impacts of large-scale land investments along the emerging Chisumbanje Sugarcane Bio-ethanol Value Chain in ZimbabweKambanje, Cuthbert January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2016. / Refer to document
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Porovnání vybrané části hospodářské politiky v Maďarsku a České republice / Economic Policy in the European Union Member CountriesŠíchová, Tereza January 2018 (has links)
This masters thesis is focused on a comparation between agricultures of Czech republic and Hungary. The comparison is done for the periods before and after entering the European union. The goal of the thesis is to observe the influence of the Common agricultural policy on the agriculture of both countries. An analysis of development of selected macroeconomic indicators and products was performed.
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