The research aims to determine the obstacles that BEE mining entrepreneurs face at the growth stage of their business. The objective of the study is to gain insights into both internal and external factors, identify common obstacles which have not been identified elsewhere. The study was a qualitative study where twenty BEE mining entrepreneurs were interviewed. This entailed face to face interviews where themes were recorded and analysed. The interview entailed semi structured questions, where interviewees were asked about obstacles both in the external and internal environment, experienced during the growth stage. In terms of the results many obstacles were identified. The obstacles that BEE mining entrepreneurs faced at the growth stage, ranged from access to finance, regulatory obstacles, lack of skills, infrastructure, unrealistic expectations, economic factors and political factors.Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the postemergence control of Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] with mesotrione alone and in mixtures with fomesafen and/or glyphosate and to evaluate the impact of lactofen and planting date on growth, development, and yield of indeterminate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Studies included a greenhouse evaluation of different rates of mesotrione on the control of 5- and 10-cm Palmer amaranth and field studies evaluating the control of 5- to 10-cm Palmer amaranth with three rates of mesotrione applied alone and in mixtures with fomesafen and/or glyphosate. Lactofen studies include a planting date study evaluating one rate of lactofen applied at V2 soybean stage with planting dates of April 15, May 1, May 15, and June 1 and a lactofen timing study where one rate of lactofen was applied at soybean growth stages ranging from V1 to R5.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da aplicaÃÃo de Ãgua (CEa = 0,5 dS m-1) e ou soluÃÃo salina (CEa = 5,0 dS m-1), alternadamente, em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do feijÃo de corda cv. Epace 10. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em condiÃÃes de ambiente protegido (telado), na Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. Em ambos, as sementes foram colocadas em vasos dispostos em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes. No primeiro experimento as plantas irrigadas com Ãgua ou soluÃÃo salina foram coletadas em diferentes Ãpocas do desenvolvimento da planta: 12, 42 e 55 dias apÃs a semeadura. Foram avaliados a CEes, teores de Cl-, Na+ e K+ do solo, parÃmetros de crescimento da planta (peso da matÃria seca das diferentes partes da planta, Ãrea foliar, altura e nÃmero de folhas), potenciais hÃdrico e osmÃtico e solutos inorgÃnicos. No segundo experimento, a Ãgua e a soluÃÃo salina foram aplicadas durante as seguintes fases de desenvolvimento da planta: FASE I â da germinaÃÃo atà o aparecimento da primeira folha trifoliolada; FASE II â do aparecimento da primeira folha trifoliolada atà o inÃcio da floraÃÃo; FASE III â da floraÃÃo atà a formaÃÃo completa das primeiras vagens, produzindo os seguintes tratamentos: 1. irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua atà o final da fase III; 2. irrigaÃÃo com soluÃÃo salina atà o final da fase III, 3. Ãgua atà o final da fase I e soluÃÃo salina atà o final da fase III, 4. soluÃÃo salina atà o final da fase I e Ãgua atà o final da fase III, 5.irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua atà o final da fase II e soluÃÃo salina atà o final da fase III, 6.irrigaÃÃo com soluÃÃo salina atà o final da fase II e Ãgua atà o final da fase III. Foram avaliados alÃm dos parÃmetros anteriores as trocas gasosas e os solutos inorgÃnicos. Os estÃdios de desenvolvimento mais afetados pela salinidade foram os de floraÃÃo e frutificaÃÃo. A parte aÃrea das plantas, em especial as folhas, sà foi afetada pela salinidade quando a mesma foi aplicada em mais de uma fase de crescimento, independente do estÃdio em que se iniciou o estresse. A taxa fotossintÃtica das plantas nÃo foi alterada pela salinidade em nenhum dos experimentos. Nas folhas, os carboidratos solÃveis nÃo sofreram influÃncia do estresse salino, enquanto os aminoÃcidos aumentaram quando o sal foi aplicado durante todo o perÃodo experimental. Nas raÃzes, ÃrgÃos que estavam em contato direto com o sal houve reduÃÃo tanto dos teores de proteÃnas quanto dos aminoÃcidos. O transporte de Na+ para a folha foi restringido, com o mesmo acumulando-se no caule, enquanto para o Cl- as plantas tiveram uma resposta tÃpica das glicÃfitas, com o maior teor deste Ãon nas folhas. A irrigaÃÃo de feijÃo de corda com soluÃÃo salina à possÃvel, desde que a mesma seja aplicada somente em parte do ciclo de crescimento da cultura, alternando com a aplicaÃÃo de Ãgua de qualidade superior. / The objective of this study the effects of water (CEw = 0.5 dS m-1) and saline solution (CEw = 5.0 dS m-1) applications, alternately, at different stages of development of cowpea cv. Epace 10. Two experiments were conducted under conditions of greenhouse in Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. In both, seeds were placed into pots arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. In the first experiment the plants irrigated with water or saline solution were collected at different times of development: 12, 42 and 55 days after sowing. CEes, as Cl-, Na + and K + in the soil, parameters of plant growth (dry weight of plant parts, leaf area, height and number of leaves), water potential and osmotic and inorganic solutes were evalueted. In the second experiment, water and saline solution were applied during the following stages of plant development: PHASE I - from germination to the appearance of the first trifoliolate leaf .PHASE II - the appearance of the first trifoliolate leaf until the beginning of flowering; PHASE III - flowering until the complete formation of the first pods, producing the following treatments: 1. irrigation with water until the end of phase III, 2. irrigation with saline solution until the end of Phase III, 3. water until the end of phase I and saline solution until the end of Phase III, 4. Saline solution until the end of phase I and water until the end of Phase III, 5.irrigation with water until the end of phase II and saline solution until the end of Phase III, 6.irrigation with saline solution until the end of phase II and water until the end of phase III. The parameters gas exchange and inorganic solutes were evaluated too. Flowering and fruiting stages were the most affected by salinity. The photosynthetic rate was not affected by salinity in plants shoots, especially leaves, when applied in more than one phase of growth, regardless of the stage where the stress began in both experiments. In leaves, the soluble carbohydrates were not affected by salt stress, while the amino acids increased when salt was applied throughout the experimental period. In roots, organs that were in direct contact with the salt decreased the levels of both proteins and amino acids. The transport of Na+ was restricted to the leaf with the same accumulated on the stem, while for the Cl- plants had a typical response of glycophyte with the highest level of this ion in the leaves. The cowpea irrigation with saline solution is possible, provided it is applied to only part of the cycle of crop growth, alternating with the application of water of superior quality.

3 pp. / Growing degree days to reach various growth stages in small grains is presented in this publication, as well as the optimum timing of cultural practices relative to crop growth stage.

Field studies were conducted in Ontario in 2009 and 2010 to determine the tolerance of winter wheat to herbicide-fungicide tank-mixtures, and the tolerance of winter wheat underseeded red clover to commonly used herbicides applied at three timings. Tank-mixtures including the fungicide tebuconazole caused injury at early and late timings, while mixtures including the herbicide bromoxynil/MCPA were most injurious when applied late in the season. Injury was transient with no yield reductions observed. MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba caused significant yield reductions when applied at normal and late timings, but did not reduce yield when applied early. The herbicides prosulfuron+bromoxynil and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil were most injurious to underseeded red clover and reduced clover biomass regardless of application timing. Herbicides and herbicide-fungicide tank-mixtures applied early, during cold temperatures do not increase winter wheat or red clover sensitivity; the likelihood of injury is greatest when applications of these products occur late. / Grain Farmers of Ontario; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs; Agriculture Adaptation Council of Canada

Seed companies have developed novel weed control technologies to combat herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds based on the use of new genetically-modified (GM) crop cultivars and auxin herbicide formulations. These herbicides can variably affect the growth and yield of susceptible cotton even at low concentrations depending on growth stage at exposure. As such, research was conducted in each of two locations in Mississippi in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to determine the cotton growth stage most susceptible to injury and yield effects from simulated misapplications of sub-lethal 2,4-D or dicamba concentrations. Results indicate that generally a decrease in yield partitioned on lower nodes and inner positions was accompanied by a compensatory increase in yield partitioned on vegetative branches and aborted terminals. However, the magnitude of these yield effects differed based on growth stage at exposure and based on which herbicide was used.

No description available.

本研究主要探討企業處於不同的生命週期階段時，資本市場對於各期的無形資產投入會有不同的評價。本文用Anthony and Ramesh(1992)的方法，選定股利、銷貨成長、資本支出、公司成立年數、研發支出作為生命週期的判斷因子。以薛健宏(2005)修改吳安妮(2004)、Kaplan and Norton(2004)的架構，將平衡計分卡三個非財務構面對應各項無形資產，以人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本各項投入作為無形資產投入研究項目，並以Ohlson(1995)的會計評價模式，觀察無形資產投入、人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本對於公司評價是否具備攸關性。 實證結果發現，企業於生命週期初期對於各項無形資產的投入，對於資本市場而言都是具備價之攸關性的資訊。無形資產投入在成長與成熟期相比較時，並沒有顯著的差異，而企業於成長與成熟期投入無形資產相較於衰退期，資本市場皆有較高的評價。以創新資本而言，企業於成長期投入創新資本，資本市場的評價大於成熟期與衰退期，而成熟期評價也大於衰退期。以人力資本而言，企業於成長與成熟期投入人力資本，資本市場對於此項資訊的評價並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以流程資本而言，企業於成長期與成熟期間投入流程資本，資本市場並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以顧客資本而言，企業於成長期投入顧客資本與成熟期投入相比較，資本市場的評價並沒有顯著差異。而成長與成熟期投入顧客資本相較於衰退期，資本市場的評價皆較高。整體而言，企業於生命週期初期投入無形資產，資本市場皆給予較高的評價，而於企業生命週期晚期，無形資產投入的增加，資本市場並未給予較高的評價 / The purpose of this study is to explore whether the market values intangible asset investment of firm differently at different stage of life cycle. The stage of life cycle in which a firm belongs in determined by using Anthony and Ramesh(1992) model and is classified into growth, maturity and declining stage. This study uses Annie Wu(2004), Kaplan and Norton (2004) framework as amended by 薛健宏(2005) to partition the intangible asset into human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital. Ohlson’s(1995) model is used to examine the relationship between the market valuation and each of the investment of total intangible asset, human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital . The empirical results are as follow: 1. The information of total intangible asset investment at the growth stage is value relevant for capital market. 2. There is no difference between the market valuation of total intangible asset investment of growth stage and maturity stage. However, the market valuation is significant by different between the growth and maturity stage on the one side, and the declining stage on the other side. 3. The market valuation for the innovation capital investment at the growth stage is significant by higher than at the maturity and declining stage. The market valuation for the same investment at maturity stage is also higher than of the declining stage. 4. The market valuation for the human capital investment at the growth stage is the same as at the maturity stage. However, the market valuation for the human capital investment both at the growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage.. 5. There is no difference between the market valuation of process capital investment at the growth stage and maturity stage. However, both the valuation at growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage. 6. The market valuation to the customer capital investment at various stage is the same as for the process capital investment. An overall conclusion can be reached that market valuation for the investment in intangible asset at growth stage of business life cycle is higher than for the same investment at declining stage.

L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer un modèle mathématique pour l'étude et la compréhension de la dynamique des populations d'un insecte ravageur, l'Eudémis de la vigne (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.), dans son écosystème. Le modèle proposé est un système d'équations aux dérivées partielles de type hyperbolique qui décrit les variations numériques au cours du temps de la population en fonction des stades de développement, du sexe des individus et des conditions environnementales. La ressource alimentaire, la température, l'humidité et la prédation sont les principaux facteurs environnementaux du modèle expliquant les fluctuations du nombre d'individus au cours du temps. Les différences de développement qui existent dans une cohorte d'Eudémis sont aussi modélisées pour affiner les prédictions du modèle. A partir de données expérimentales obtenues par les entomologistes de l'INRA, situé à Bordeaux, les paramètres du modèle sont estimés. Ce modèle ainsi ajusté nous permet alors d’étudier quelques aspects biologiques et écologiques de l’insecte comme par exemple l'impact de scénarios climatiques sur la ponte des femelles ou sur la dynamique d’attaque de la vigne par les jeunes larves. Les analyses mathématique et numérique du modèle mathématique et des problèmes d'estimation des paramètres sont développées dans cette thèse. / The objective of the thesis is to develop a mathematical model for studying the population dynamics of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff.) in its ecosystem. The model proposed is a system of hyperbolic equations that describe the numerical variations in time of the population with respect to developmental stage, the gender and the environmental conditions. The food, the temperature, the humidity and the predation are the main environmental factors of the model that explain the fluctuations of the population in time. The differences in growth inside a cohort are modeled in order to precise the model simulations. We use experimental data obtained by entomologists of the National Research Institut of Agronomy to estimate the parameters of the model. This ajusted model allows us to study some biological and ecological aspects of this pest like for example the impact of climate change on the female laying or on the young larvae dynamic, main actors in the depredation of the Vine. The mathematical analysis and the numerical analysis of the mathematical model and of the parameters estimation problems are presented in this thesis.

The aim of this thesis is to assess the current state of the company, analysis of its major competitors and the competitive advantage the company. Based on the findings will be proposed measures aimed at maintaining and improving current status of the company in the market.