published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Monthly water balance models are important tools for hydrological impact assessment of climate change. Traditionally monthly models adopt a conceptual, lumped-parameter approach. Based on an extensive survey and review of existing monthly water balance models, six models with different conceptualization and structure, i.e., Thomthwaite-Mather, Belgium, Xinanjiang, Guo, WatBal and Schaake, were compared through calibration and validation using observed data of hydrology and climate of 1960-1988 in the Dongjiang basin. The model comparison offered insights for the development of a monthly distributed model which integrates the spatial variations of basin terrain and rainfall into runoff simulation. An innovative feature of the new model is that the spatial distribution of soil moisture capacity which is described as a parabolic curve in Xinanjiang model is represented by a cumulative frequency curve of index of relative difficulty of runoff generation based on the concept of topographic index in TOPMODEL. The calibration and validation results show that the developed model with only three parameters is suitable for monthly runoff simulation in the Dongjiang basin. / The developed model was applied to evaluate the changes in water availability in the Dongjiang basin under hypothetical climate change scenarios and those derived from projections of three General Circulation Models (GCM), i.e., CGCM1, CSIRO and ECHAM4. Sensitivity analyses based on hypothetical scenarios suggest that climatic change has greater effects on runoff than on soil moisture and greater effects on water availability in dry months than in wet months. The effects of precipitation changes on the amount of runoff and soil moisture can be characterized by a magnification factor whereas temperature increases alone produce negligible effects. Hydrological simulation with inputs of three GCM-generated scenarios indicates that annual and rain-season runoff will increase by 0.3°io to 13.9% and 7.6% to 12.0%, respectively, by the 2050s. Dry-season runoff will change between -23.2% and +26.4%. Average annual and dry-season soil moisture will decrease by 1.3% to 6.9% and 1.0% to 8.1%, respectively. Soil moisture will demonstrate little change in rain-season. Increase in annual runoff and reduction in annual soil moisture will be apparent over the whole basin, but there is relatively little consistency among the three GCM-generated scenarios as to the magnitudes of spatial change in runoff and soil moisture. Although these results are not definitive statements as to what will happen to runoff and soil moisture in the Dongjiang basin, they rather have significant implications for the study of response strategies of water supply and flood control to climate change. / Jiang Tao. / "July 2005." / Advisers: Chen Yongqin; Lam Kin-che. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0149. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 174-190). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / School code: 1307.

The rapid pace of urbanization heightens our interest to understand the role of urban areas in mediating climate changes at local, regional and global levels. The increasing amount of carbon (C) released by growing cities may influence the surrounding climates and lead to a rise in global ambient temperature. Fortunately, urban greenery may mitigate the risk of rising C by storing it in vegetation and soils. On the other hand, urban greenery may become a net CO₂ or other greenhouse gas emitter due to heavy maintenances. Thus, the exact impact of urban greenery on carbon balance in major metropolitan areas remains controversial. / We first investigated C footprints of urban turf operation and maintenance by conducting a research questionnaire on different Hong Kong turfs, and showed that turf maintenance contributed 0.17 to 0.63 kg Ce m⁻² y⁻¹ to C emissions. We then determined C sequestration capacity by urban turfgrasses and soils through both field study and laboratory-based investigation. Our data from field study showed that the C stored in turfgrass systems at 0.05 to 0.21 kg C m⁻² for aboveground grass biomass and 1.3 to 4.9 kg C m⁻² for soils (to 15 cm depth). We estimated that the C sink capacity of turfs could be offset by C emissions in 5-24 years under current management patterns, shifting from C sink to C source. / We further showed that dissolved organic C (DOC) export also contributed to C release from urban soils, under the influence of the maintenance practices of turfgrasses. Both irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs could enhance DOC export. We also observed that soil enzyme activity was sensitive to turfgrass maintenances practices, and played a key role in soil organic C (SOC) decomposition. In particular, cellulase was found to be a major player in regulating DOC and dissolved organic N (DON) export. On the other hand, urease activity was shown to be dependent on grass species, fertilizer inputs and substrates. / Finally, we then determined the CO₂ fluxes of turfgrass systems by chamber-based measurement. Our data demonstrated that grass species and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) played a dominant role in CO₂ fluxes in greenhouse study. Maintenance practices also contributed to CO₂ fluxes of turfgrass systems. Both fertilizer and irrigation showed species-specific effect on CO₂ fluxes. We then showed in field studies that CO₂ fluxes and respiration rates of urban turfs varied with grass species, and were higher in wet season than dry season. / Together, our studies suggested that maintenance practices for urban greenery played a key role in SOC decomposition through regulating DOC export and C cycle associated enzymes, therefore may determine the C balance of urban greenery. Our studies further suggest that we can improve maintenance practices to reduce C footprint and enhance the environmental benefits of urban turfgrass systems. We propose that the environmental impact of turfgrass systems should be optimized by the rational design of maintenance schedules based on C sink and emission principles. / 城市化的快速發展提高了我們研究城市的興趣，具體在其對城區和地域性氣候及其對全球气候变化的調節。城區大量碳排放可能影響周圍氣候進而導致全球環境溫度的上升。城市綠化可以緩解這個危機因為植被和土壤能夠通過存儲碳。但是城市綠化系統的大量維護可能是導致二氧化碳或其他溫室氣體的排放。因此城市綠化對碳平衡的影響仍存在爭議。 / 我們以問卷方式調查了香港不同的草坪，計算了維護過程中的碳足跡。研究表明草坪每年的維護造成了相當於每平米0.17至0.63千克碳排放。我們還結合野外和實驗室分析測定了草坪地上生物量和15厘米深土壤的碳儲存量，每平米分別是0.05至0.21，1.3至4.9千克碳。據此我們估計，按照目前的管理模式，草坪的碳儲存量在5至24年可與維護的碳排放相抵，由碳匯轉變為碳源。 / 我們還發現溶解有機碳的流失也加劇了城市土壤碳釋放同時受草坪維護的影响。灌溉和施加氮肥會促進溶解有機碳的釋放。土壤酶對是草坪維護很敏感，而且對土壤有機有機碳分解起關鍵作用。特別是纖維素酶參與并有效調節了溶解有機碳和溶解有機氮的釋放。另外脲酶的活性受草種，施肥和土壤基質的影響。我們用二氧化碳分析儀测定了草坪的碳通量。溫室研究表明，草種和光合有效輻射對碳通量起主導作用。草坪的維護同樣影響草坪的碳通量，其中施肥和灌溉對不同草種的碳通量有不同程度的影響。野外實驗則發現城市草皮的碳通量和呼吸速率隨草種变化，且雨季高於旱季。 / 以上研究表明城市綠化系統的維護可以有效調節溶解有機碳和碳循環相關土壤酶，進而影響土壤有機碳的分解，最終決定城市綠化系統的碳收支。因此我們建議，由以經驗設計轉變為以碳匯和碳排放原則優化維護模式，以減少碳足跡從而提升城市綠化的環境效益。 / Kong, Ling. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-212). / Abstracts and appendixes also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

梁家麟. / 手稿本(copies 2 & 3 複印本). / 論文(歷史學部碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院. / 參考文獻 (leaves 739-792) / Liang Jialin. / Chapter 第一章： --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章： --- 廣東傳教教育的發展（上） --- p.13 / Chapter （一） --- 預備期：一八○七－一八四二年　 --- p.18 / Chapter （二） --- 移植期：一八四二－一八六○年 --- p.51 / 註釋 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三章： --- 廣東傳教教育的發展（下） --- p.127 / Chapter （三） --- 擴展期：一八六○－一九○○年 / Chapter （四） --- 成熟期：一九○○－一九一一年　 --- p.210 / 註釋 --- p.287 / Chapter 第四章： --- 傳教教育與教育事業 --- p.359 / Chapter （一） --- 傳教士的傳教方法與教育工作　　 --- p.360 / Chapter （二） --- 傳教士在華的辦學策略 --- p.392 / Chapter （三） --- 教育對傳教事業的影響 --- p.446 / 註釋 --- p.521 / Chapter 第五章： --- 傳教教育與廣東 --- p.570 / Chapter （一） --- 傳教教育與廣東新教育的建立 --- p.570 / Chapter （二） --- 傳教教育與人才的栽培 --- p.623 / Chapter （三） --- 傳教教育與中國民族主義問題 --- p.653 / 註釋 --- p.685 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論 --- p.716 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 訪問汪長仁教士 --- p.728 / 參考書目 --- p.739

譚迎波. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院經濟學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 140-148. / Tan Yingbo. / 鳴謝 / 全文摘要 / Chapter 第一章： --- 簡介 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節： --- 文獻回顧 / Chapter 第二節： --- 背景 / Chapter 第三節： --- 外資的分類 / Chapter 第二章： --- 廣東省外資利用和出口的官方統計數據問題 --- p.19 / Chapter 第一節： --- 加工裝配中的不作價設備價値--官方統計中嚴重低估廣 東的外資總額 / Chapter 第二節： --- "出口的數據問題：加工裝配出口總額、""各作各價""對口 合同總額和低報出口的問題" / Chapter 第三章： --- 廣東的外資利用 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節： --- 廣東在全國外資利用中的重要地位及其特點 / Chapter 第二節： --- 外資利用在廣東地區間的差異 / Chapter 第三節： --- 廣東的外商直接投資狀況 / Chapter 第四章： --- 外商投資對廣東出口的促進作用 --- p.79 / Chapter 第一節： --- 廣東的出口 / Chapter 第二節： --- 狹義貿易出口和三資企業出口的比較 / Chapter 第五章： --- 外資對廣東經濟增長作用的經濟計量分析 --- p.103 / Chapter 第一節： --- 文獻回顧 / Chapter 第二節： --- 模型 / Chapter 第三節： --- 所用數據 / Chapter 第四節： --- 測算結果分析 / Chapter 第六章： --- 結論 --- p.126 / 附錄 --- p.130 / 附錄一：中國出口商品分組及和HS碼，SITC.Rev.2碼的對應 / 附錄二.1廣東狹義貿易出口產品單價指數（1988-1992) / 附錄二.2廣東三資企業主要出口產品單價指數（1988-1992) / 附錄二.3廣東三資企業出口產品單價對狹義貿易出口單價的比率 (1988-1992) / 附錄三：經濟計量模型推導過程 / 參考書目 --- p.140

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Department of sociology--Victoria, B.C.--University of British Columbia, 1975. / Bibliogr. p. 153-158.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 95-102).