劇烈的城市化過程已經在世界上多個地區發生並產生了許多的城市群，珠江三角洲正是這樣的一個城市群。目前，珠江三角洲上的城市土地利用和土地覆蓋已經發生了巨大的變化。而其中最重要的一個結果就是大量城市不透水層的出現，並已經極大地影響著當地的城市環境，如城市洪水、城市氣候、水污染和大氣污染等。因此，城市不透水層及其分佈的估算對於監測和管理城市化進程及其對環境的影響有著重要的意義。然而，由於城市土地覆蓋類型的多樣性，精確的城市不透水層的估算（ISE）仍然是一個極具挑戰性的課題。本論文旨在通過融合光學遙感和合成孔徑雷達（SAR）遙感技術來提高亞熱帶濕潤區城市不透水層估算的精度。此外，論文還將探索亞熱帶濕潤區土地覆蓋類型分類的季節性變化及其對城市不透水層提取的影響。本論文的研究結果主要包括以下幾個部分。 / 首先，本研究發現亞熱帶濕潤區不透水層提取的季節性效應與中緯度地區截然不同。在亞熱帶濕潤地區，冬季是最適合用遙感影像進行不透水層提取的。原因是由於冬季是旱季，雲量少，許多可變來源區域（VSA）沒有水體覆蓋，而在遙感影像中，水體容易和暗不透水層混淆。另一方面，秋季最不適合不透水層提取，因為存在大量的雲層，並且，大量的降水導致VSA區域充滿水，從而增加了與暗不透水層混淆的區域面積。此外，大量的雲層在影像中也是呈現高反射特徵的，因此極容易和亮不透水層混淆，這是秋季不適合用於提取不透水層的另一重要原因。 / 其次，提出了一種新的基於形狀自我調整鄰域（SAN）的特徵提取演算法。該特徵提取演算法類比人類視覺對圖像感知的強大能力，進行遙感影像低層特徵的提取。實驗結果表明，SAN特徵提取方法對非監督分類有顯著的提高，其中總體分類精度從0.58提高到0.86，而Kappa係數從0.45提高到0.80。SAN特徵對於監督分類的精度也有一定的提高，這些都表明，與傳統的特徵提取方法相比，SAN特徵對遙感影像分類具有重要的作用。 / 再次，通過對比分析光學遙感影像和SAR影像發現，單獨採用光學遙感影像進行不透水層提取比單獨採用SAR影像取得更好的結果。同時，單獨採用光學遙感（Landsat ETM+）時，支援向量機（SVM）比人工神經網路（ANN）取得更好的結果，這是因為ANN對於亮不透水層與幹裸土之間，以及暗不透水層與陰影之間的光譜混淆更加敏感。然而，當單獨採用SAR遙感（ENVISAT ASAR）時，ANN則取得更好的結果，這是由於SVM分析SAR影像時更容易產生雜訊，並具有明顯的邊緣效應。因此，融合光學遙感和SAR遙感具有重要的意義。通過比較不同圖像融合層次發現，像元級融合（Pixel Level Fusion）會降低單獨採用光學遙感提取不透水層的精度，因而不適合光學和SAR影像的融合。而特徵級融合（Feature Level）決策級融合（Decision Level）可以更好的把不透水層從陰影區域和裸土中區分出來，因為更加適合光學與SAR的融合。 / 最後，三組不同的光學遙感和SAR遙感影像被用於評估本論文提出的光學和SAR融合方法，包括Landsat ETM+與ASAR影像，SPOT-5與ASAR影像，以及SPOT-5與TerraSAR-X影像。此外，還比較了不同的融合方法（人工神經網路、支援向量機和隨機森林）對融合結果的影響。結果表明，用光學和SAR遙感影像融合提取不透水層有利於減少在光學遙感影像中容易出現的光譜混淆現象，從而提高不透水層提取的精度。另外，隨機森林在融合光學和SAR影像中效果較其它兩種方法，因為隨機森林對兩種不同的資料來源區別對待，而這正是符合光學遙感與SAR遙感截然不同的工作方式的特點，從而能更好的融合光學遙感和SAR遙感。 / 本論文的研究成果有助於探索亞熱帶濕潤區中物候特點和氣候特點對城市不透水層提取所產生的季節性效應；同時也為融合光學遙感和SAR遙感影像提取城市不透水層提供了一個技術框架。由於珠江三角洲是一個亞熱帶濕潤區一個典型的快速城市化的城市群區域，本文所提出的方法框架和所得到研究結論可為世界上其它亞熱帶濕潤區的城市遙感研究提供一定的參考價值。 / Dramatic urbanization processes have happened in many regions and thus created a number of metropolises in the world. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of such typical areas, where the urban land use/land cover has been significantly changing in the recent past. As one of the most important implications, a large increment of impervious surface (IS) turned out to be one of the features of fast urbanization process and has been influencing the urban environment significantly, including urban flooding, urban climate, water pollutions, and air pollutions. Therefore, the estimation of IS would be very helpful to monitor and manage the urbanization process and its impacts on the environment. However, accurate estimation of urban IS remains challenging due to the diversity of land covers. This dissertation attempts to fuse optical and SAR remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of urban impervious surface estimation (ISE) in humid subtropical regions (HSR). The seasonal characteristics of land covers and its impacts on ISE in HSR are all investigated. Some interesting findings are summarized as follows. / Firstly, the study demonstrates quite a special pattern of the seasonal effects of ISE in humid subtropical areas that is different from that in mid-latitude areas. According to the results, in subtropical monsoon regions, winter is the best season to estimate IS from satellite images. There are little clouds, and most of the Variable Source Areas (VSA) is not filled with water. On the other hand, autumn images obtained the lowest accuracy of IS due to the clouds coverage and the water in VSA. Autumn is a rainy season in a subtropical monsoon region, for which clouds occur very often and VSA areas are always filled with water. Consequently, clouds are confused with bright IS due to their similarly high reflectance, and more water in VSA is confused with dark IS due to their similarly low reflectance. / Secondly, a novel feature extraction technique, based on the shape-adaptive neighborhood (SAN), is proposed to incorporate the advantages of human vision into the process of remote sensing images. Quantitative results showed that improvement of SAN features is particularly significant improvement for the unsupervised classifier, for which the overall accuracy increased from 0.58 to 0.86, and the Kappa coefficient increased from 0.45 to 0.80, indicating promising applications of SAN features in the unsupervised processing of remote sensing images. / Thirdly, a comparison study of ISE between optical and SAR image demonstrates that single optical image provides better results than using single SAR image. In addition, results indicate that support vector machine (SVM) is a better choice for ISE using Landsat ETM+ (optical) images, while artificial neural network (ANN) turns out to be more sensitive to the confusion between dry soils and bright IS, and between shades and dark IS. However, ANN gets a better result using ASAR (SAR) image with higher accuracy, while the SVM classifier produces more noises and has some edge effects. Considering both the merits and demerits of optical and SAR images, synergistically fusing the two data sources should be a promising solution. Comparison of three different levels of fusion shows that pixel level fusion seems not appropriate for optical-SAR fusion, as it reduces the accuracy compared to the single use of optical data. Meanwhile, feature level fusion and decision level fusion obtained better accuracy, since they improves the identification of IS from shaded areas and bare soils. / Fourthly, a methodological framework of fusing the optical and SAR images is proposed. Three different data sets are used to assess the effectiveness of this methodological framework, including the Landsat TM and ASAR images, the SPOT-5 and ASAR images, and the SPOT-5 and TerraSAR-X images. In addition, different methods (e.g. ANN, SVM and Random Forest) are employed and compared to fusion the two data sources at a mixed level fusion of pixel and feature levels. Experimental results showed that the combined use of optical and SAR image is able to effectively improve the accuracy of ISE by reducing the spectral confusions that happen easily in optical images. Moreover, Random Forest (RF) demonstrated a promising performance for fusing optical and SAR images as it treats the two data sources differently through a random selection procedure of variables from different data sources. / The major outcome of this research provides evidence of the seasonal effects on IS assessment due to phenological and climatic characteristics, as well as provides an applicable framework of methodology for the synergistic use of optical and SAR images to improve the ISE. Since the PRD region is highly typical of many fast growing areas, the methodology and conclusions of this research would serve as a useful reference for other subtropical, humid regions of the world. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Zhang, Hongsheng. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-185). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / 論文摘要 --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Figures --- p.xviii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research questions and hypotheses --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives and significance --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Significance of Impervious Surface --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Environmental significance --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Socio-economic significance --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Climatology and Phenology in HSR --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Characteristics of the climate and phenology --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Seasonal effects from Climatology and Phenology --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Land-cover complexity in rapid urbanized region --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5 --- Approaches of ISE --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Sub-pixel approaches --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Per-pixel approaches --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Synergistic use of optical and SAR data for ISE --- p.27 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDY AREA AND DATA SETS --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study area --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Site A: Guangzhou --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Site B: Shenzhen --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Site C: Hong Kong --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2 --- Satellite data --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Landsat ETM+ --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- SPOT-5 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- ENVISAT ASAR --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- TerraSAR-X --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Digital Orthophoto data --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- In-situ data --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.40 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Framework --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Per-pixel modeling of ISE --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3 --- Investigation of the seasonal effects --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4 --- Feature extraction --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Conventional approach --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Novel approach based on shape-adaptive neighborhood --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- The concept of shape-adaptive neighborhood --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- The determination of a shape-adaptive neighborhood --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Extracting spatial features --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5 --- Fusing the optical and SAR data --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Multi-source image co-registration --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Compare the single use of optical and SAR image --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Compare different levels of fusion --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Fusion with supervised classifiers --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5.4.1 --- Artificial neural network --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5.4.2 --- Support vector machine --- p.68 / Chapter 4.5.4.3 --- Random Forest --- p.71 / Chapter 4.6 --- Results validation and accuracy assessment --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Training and testing data sampling --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Accuracy assessment --- p.76 / Chapter 4.7 --- Summary --- p.77 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (I) - ASSESSMENT OF SAN FEATURES --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1. --- Analysis of threshold to determine the SAN --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2. --- Feature extraction from SAN --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3. --- Assessment of the SAN features with classification --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Training samples and classification --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Testing samples and accuracy --- p.84 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Assess the effectiveness of the SAN based features --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.87 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (II) - SEASONAL EFFECTS OF ISE --- p.89 / Chapter 6.1 --- Seasonal effects of ISE --- p.89 / Chapter 6.2 --- Analyzing the seasonal changes of typical targets --- p.92 / Chapter 6.3 --- Comparing the seasonal sensitivity of methods --- p.96 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.97 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (III) - URBAN LAND COVER DIVERSITY --- p.101 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.101 / Chapter 7.2 --- Urban LC classification Using RF --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Optimization of RF --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Land covers classification with optimized RF --- p.104 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Compare RF with other decision tree-based methods --- p.107 / Chapter 7.3 --- Summary --- p.108 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (IV) - FUSING OPTICAL&SAR DATA --- p.111 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.111 / Chapter 8.2 --- Comparison of ISE with single optical and SAR data --- p.111 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- ISE with ETM+ data --- p.112 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- Mapping the IS --- p.112 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Effects of the parameter configurations of the methods --- p.114 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- ISE with ASAR data --- p.115 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Mapping the IS --- p.115 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Effects of the parameter configurations of the methods --- p.117 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- Comparisons over the data and methods --- p.119 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- Discussion and implications --- p.121 / Chapter 8.3 --- Comparison of different levels of fusion method --- p.122 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Fusion strategies at different levels --- p.122 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Results of feature extractions --- p.124 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- Fusion results on different levels --- p.126 / Chapter 8.3.4 --- Comparisons --- p.128 / Chapter 8.3.5 --- Discussion and implications --- p.129 / Chapter 8.4 --- Synergizing optical and SAR data with RF --- p.130 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- Feature extraction from ASAR data --- p.130 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Determine the optimal number of features in each decision tree --- p.132 / Chapter 8.4.3 --- Determine the optimal numbers of decision trees in the RF --- p.134 / Chapter 8.4.4 --- ISE with optimized RF --- p.135 / Chapter 8.4.5 --- Discussion and implications --- p.140 / Chapter 8.5 --- A comprehensive study: ISE using SPOT-5 and TerraSAR-X data --- p.142 / Chapter 8.5.1 --- Data set and experiment design --- p.142 / Chapter 8.5.2 --- Feature extraction of SPOT-5 data --- p.145 / Chapter 8.5.3 --- Feature extraction of TerraSAR-X data --- p.148 / Chapter 8.5.4 --- LULC classification with optimized models --- p.149 / Chapter 8.5.5 --- ISE with optimized models --- p.152 / Chapter 8.5.6 --- Discussion and implications --- p.155 / Chapter 8.6 --- Summary --- p.156 / Chapter CHAPTER 9 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.159 / Chapter 9.1 --- Findings and conclusions --- p.159 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Seasonal effects of ISE in HSR --- p.159 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Feature extraction methods --- p.160 / Chapter 9.1.3 --- Comparison between optical and SAR data --- p.161 / Chapter 9.1.4 --- Fusion level and fusion methods --- p.162 / Chapter 9.2 --- Recommendations for future research --- p.163 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Feature extraction --- p.163 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Study areas selection and design --- p.163 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Validation with in-situ data --- p.164 / Chapter 9.2.4 --- Fusion level and strategy --- p.164 / Chapter 9.2.5 --- Fusion methods --- p.165 / References --- p.169 / Chapter Appendix I --- Codes for Determining Shape-adaptive Neighborhood --- p.186 / Chapter Appendix II --- Publication list related to this thesis research --- p.188

梁家麟. / 手稿本. / Thesis (Ph.D)--香港中文大學硏究院中國文化硏究學部. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, leaves 999-1077). / Liang Jialin. / Thesis (Ph.D)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo wen hua yan jiu xue bu. / 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 初叩一口通商之門(一八○七至一八三九) --- p.16 / Chapter 第二章 --- 突破通商口岸(一八四二至一八六○) --- p.65 / Chapter 第三章 --- 傳教教育的奠立 --- p.94 / Chapter 第四章 --- 傳教解除與全省開放(一八六○至一八九九) --- p.129 / Chapter 第五章 --- 高等化與系統化 --- p.211 / Chapter 第六章 --- 飛躍的時代(一九○○至一九二○) --- p.249 / Chapter 第七章 --- 傳教教育與中國社會變遷 --- p.342 / Chapter 第八章 --- 民族怒潮的撼擊（一九二○至一九二七） --- p.420 / Chapter 第九章 --- 從傳教教育到基督教教育(一九二七至一九三六) --- p.519 / Chapter 第十章 --- 在政治劇變中結束(一九三七至一九五三) --- p.631 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 結論 ─ 建立一個基督教教育的全面解說 --- p.712 / 注釋 --- p.732 / 參考書目 --- p.999

Finally, the newly integrated model was firstly applied to analyze the relationship of land use and hydrologic regimes based on the land use maps in 1980 and 2000. Then the newly integrated model was applied to simulate the potential impacts of land use change on hydrologic regimes in the East River Basin under a series of hypothetical scenarios. The results show that ET has a positive relationship with Leaf Area Index (LAI) while runoff has a negative relationship with LAI in the same climatic zone, which can be elaborated by surface energy balance and water balance equation. Specifically, on an annual basis, ET of forest scenarios is larger than that of grassland or cropland scenarios. On the contrary, runoff of forest scenarios is less than that of grassland or cropland scenarios. On a monthly basis, for most of the scenarios, particularly the grassland and cropland scenarios, the most significant changes occurred in the rainy season. The results indicate that deforestation would cause increase of runoff and decrease of ET on an annual basis in the East River Basin. On a monthly basis, deforestation would cause significant decrease of ET and increase of runoff in the rainy season in the East River Basin. / In order to effectively simulate hydrologic impact of LUCC, an integrated model of ESEBS and distributed monthly water balance model has been developed in this study. The model is capable of considering basin terrain and the spatial distribution of precipitation and soil moisture. Particularly, the model is unique in accounting for spatial and temporal variations of vegetation cover and ET, which provides a powerful tool for studying the hydrologic impacts of LUCC. The model was applied to simulate the monthly runoff for the period of 1980-1994 for model calibration and for the period of 1995-2000 for validation. The calibration and validation results show that the newly integrated model is suitable for simulating monthly runoff and studying hydrologic impacts ofLUCC in the East River Basin. / Land use/cover change (LUCC) has significantly altered the hydrologic system in the East River (Dongjiang) Basin. Quantitative modeling of hydrologic impacts of LUCC is of great importance for water supply, drought monitoring and integrated water resources management. An integrated eco-hydrologic modeling system of Distributed Monthly Water Balance Model (DMWBM), Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) was developed with aid of GIS/RS to quantify LUCC, to conduct physically-based ET (evapotranspiration) mapping and to predict hydrologic impacts of LUCC. / The physically-remote-sensing-based Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) was employed to estimate areal actual ET for a large area rather than traditional point measurements . The SEBS was enhanced for application in complex vegetated area. Then the inter-comparison with complimentary ET model and distributed monthly water balance model was made to validate the enhanced SEBS (ESEBS). The application and test of ESEBS show that it has a good accuracy both monthly and annually and can be effectively applied in the East River Basin. The results of ET mapping based on ESEBS demonstrate that actual ET in the East River Basin decreases significantly in the last two decades, which is probably caused by decrease of sunshine duration. / These results are not definitive statements as to what will happen to runoff, ET and soil moisture regimes in the East River Basin, but rather offer an insight into the plausible changes in basin hydrology due to land use change. The integrated model developed in this study and these results have significant implications for integrated water resources management and sustainable development in the East River Basin. / To begin with, in order to evaluate LUCC, understand implications of LUCC and provide boundary condition for the integrated eco-hydrologic modeling, firstly the long-term vegetation dynamics was investigated based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, and then LUCC was analyzed with post-classification methods and finally LUCC prediction was conducted based on Markov chain model. The results demonstrate that the vegetation activities decreased significantly in summer over the years. Moreover, there were significant changes in land use/cover over the past two decades. Particularly there was a sharp increase of urban and built-up area and a significant decrease of grassland and cropland. All these indicate that human activities are intensive in the East River Basin and provide valuable information for constructing scenarios for studying hydrologic impacts of LUCC. / Wang, Kai. / "December 2010." / Adviser: Yongqin Chen. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-227). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Japanese Studies / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Chow Wing Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [1-22] (2nd gp.)). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / PREFACE --- p.1-6 / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7-42 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.43-65 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS FOR STATE-SOCIETY RELATIONS --- p.66-79 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- POLITICS OF PEASANTS' MOBILIZATION --- p.80-113 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.114-125 / SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY / Chapter - --- ENGLISH TITLES / Chapter - --- CHINESE TITLES

by Choy Chi Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ABSTRACT / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Historical Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Taking Shape Of The Basic Policy In The Reform Era --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Accomplishments From The Technology Transfer --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Critical Problems --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Problem One: Excessive Duplication Of Technological Imports --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6 --- Problem Two: Assimilation --- p.11 / Notes --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- RESEARCH DESIGN / Chapter 2.1 --- Research Problems --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Units Of Analysis --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Conceptualization --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4 --- Research Sample --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Research Method --- p.26 / Chapter 2.6 --- Interpretation Of The Research Result --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7 --- A Final Remark --- p.27 / Notes --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL / Chapter 3.1 --- The Ideal Operation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Traditional Operation Environment Of A Soviet State Enterprise --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Operation Environment Of A Chinese Public-Owned Enterprise In The Reform Era --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- Two Important Behaviour Orientations --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Business Environment --- p.40 / Chapter 3.6 --- The Hunger Of Foreign Technology Acquisition --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7 --- The Apathy Towards The Assimilation Of The Imported Technology --- p.45 / Chapter 3.8 --- A Summary --- p.46 / Notes --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL / Chapter 4.1 --- The Ideal Operation --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Incentive Structure --- p.51 / Chapter 4. 3 --- Some Implied Behaviour Orientations --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- A Web Of Interests --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Issues Of Excessive Duplication Of Technology Imports And Poor Assimilation --- p.62 / Chapter 4.6 --- A Summary --- p.65 / Notes --- p.68 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- THE SUPERVISION MECHANISM LEVEL / Chapter 5.1 --- The Ideal Operation --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2 --- Dual Ruling As The Basic Principle Of Admin i st rat ion --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3 --- The First Type Of Dependence On Local Government: Nomenklatura --- p.77 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Second Type Of Dependence On Local Government: Material Allocation --- p.78 / Chapter 5.5 --- Erosion Of Vertical Ruling By Horizontal Ruling --- p.80 / Chapter 5. 6 --- Erosion Of Supervision Mechanisms --- p.80 / Chapter 5.7 --- Cheating Of The Enterprises --- p.84 / Chapter 5.8 --- A Summary --- p.85 / Notes --- p.87 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- CONCLUSION AND THEORETICAL REFLECTION / Chapter 6.1 --- Limitations --- p.90 / Chapter 6.2 --- Theoretical Reflection --- p.95 / Notes --- p.99 / MAJOR BILBIOGRAPHY

submitted by Li Jiehui. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-126). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Abstract --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.viii / Tables and figures --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The research question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The research method --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The legal and political scales --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The adaptation of Page's method in China --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The utilities of the two scales --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- The research plan --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Central-local relations in China: an overview --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Major reforms in central-local relations --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Provinces under the economic cycle --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- The case of Guangdong --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Legal assessment I: China --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- The general legal framework --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Omni-competence --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Dual subordination --- p.18 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The role of the Party --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- Legal documents and opportunities --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- National laws --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Administrative regulations --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Government/Party documents --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Local legislation --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Assessing legal localism --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Legal assessment II: Guangdong --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Build up a legal framework: 1979-1988 --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2 --- Recession: 1989-1990 --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3 --- Legislation of interests: 1991 -now --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The case of the regulation for property registration --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Development of other provinces: a comparison --- p.40 / Chapter 4.5 --- Major findings --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Political assessment I: China --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1 --- Page's methodology --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2 --- The conventional approach --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The National People's Congress --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The CCP Politburo --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3 --- The mechanism of maintaining local representation --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Patron-clientelism in Italy --- p.50 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Reciprocal accountability and particularism in China --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4 --- Assessing political localism --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Political assessment II: Guangdong --- p.55 / Chapter 6.1 --- 1979-1984: harmonious central-Guangdong relations --- p.55 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Preparation of the special policies --- p.56 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Contents of the special policies --- p.57 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Ren Zhongyi' s period --- p.58 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Central criticism and Guangdong' response --- p.59 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- The first five years of reform --- p.61 / Chapter 6.2 --- 1985-1988: the climax of Guangdong's autonomy --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- State Council Document (1985) No46 --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- State Council Correspondence (1988) No25 --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3 --- 1989-1997: defending local autonomy --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Economic retrenchment and Guangdong's response --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Introduction of tax-sharing system --- p.68 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Resisting “northerners´ح --- p.70 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- The coming of outsiders --- p.71 / Chapter 6.4 --- Major findings --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- The trend of change --- p.74 / Chapter 7.1 --- The connection between legal and political localism --- p.75 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Scenario I --- p.75 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Scenario II --- p.78 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Scenario III --- p.80 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Some observation --- p.84 / Chapter 7.2 --- Implications on institutionalization --- p.85 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Definition of institutionalization --- p.85 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- The lack of institutionalization in China --- p.86 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Institutionalization and Guangdong --- p.88 / Chapter 7.3 --- Legal localism: a desirable outcome --- p.91 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Major features of political localism and legal legalism --- p.91 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Implications on institutionalization --- p.96 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Desirability of legal localism --- p.98 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- The course towards legal localism --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.102 / Chapter 8.1 --- Legal centralism and political localism --- p.102 / Chapter 8.2 --- The lack of institutionalization --- p.103 / Chapter 8.3 --- The prospects: legal localism or dual localism --- p.104 / Chapter 8.4 --- Directions for further studies --- p.106 / Appendices / Chapter I --- A complete list of local legislation of Guangdong --- p.108 / Chapter II --- "Leaders of Guangdong Province, 1949-1998" --- p.118 / References --- p.119