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specialcollections@tulane.edu / Wheelchair Life: Disability and Black Survival in the Afterlife of Gun Violence is about how gunshot survivors in New Orleans manage their lives and shape their identities after being shot and paralyzed. Following a group of wheelchair users with gunshot induced spinal cord injuries who self-organized into a social network around their devotion to New Orleans parading traditions, this ethnography explores how disability identities are mobilized within the existing stakes of Black survival in the United States. In the racially segregated city of New Orleans, urban gun violence and the wider traumas that are experienced in its aftermath are an immeasurable disruption to Black lives and Black futures. A focus on gun homicides has ignored the life worlds of the injured, particularly those of young Black men, whose experiences are obscured by the legacies and continued violence of anti-Black racism and criminalization of the urban poor, which renders gunshot survivors as guilty or deserving of the violence that happened to them. What does it mean to survive when your survival is a problem both in the sense that you were not expected to survive and your status (as a survivor and a victim) is unacknowledged? “Wheelchair Life” details the varied ways spinal cord injured gunshot survivors contend and contest these realities of social neglect and invisibility, by claiming new forms of mobility and disabled embodiments in public space and forging new modes of caretaking and relationships that enable the “wheelchair life” to be about more than just surviving. / 1 / Daniella Santoro

Surveillance cameras are a great support in crime investigation and proximity alarms and play a vital role in public safety. However current surveillance systems require continuous human supervision for monitoring. The primary goal of the thesis is to prevent firearm-related violence and injuries. Automatic firearm detection enhances security and safety among people. Therefore, introducing a Deep Learning Object Detection model to detect Firearms and alert the corresponding police department is the main motivation. Visual Object Detection is a fundamental recognition problem in computer vision that aims to find objects of certain target classes with precise localization of input image and assign it to the corresponding label. However, there are some challenges arising to the wide variations in shape, size, appearance, and occlusions by the weapon carrier. There are other objections to the selection of best object detection model. So, three deep learning models are selected, explained and shown the differences in detecting the firearms. The dataset in this thesis is the customized selection of different categories of firearm collection like the pistol, revolver, handgun, bullet, rifle along with human detection. The entire dataset is annotated manually in pascalvoc format. Date augmentation technique has been used to enlarge our dataset and facilitate in detecting firearms that re deformed and having occlusion properties.. To detect firearms this thesis developed and practiced unified networks like SSD and two-stage object detectors like faster RCNN. SSD is easy to understand and detect objects however it fails to detect smaller objects. Faster RCNN are efficient and able to detect smaller firearms in the scene. Each class has attained more than 90% of confidence score.

Gun violence is a public health crisis in the United States. Research shows that violence functions similarly to a communicable disease. An exposure such as someone witnessing violence or being a victim of violence is a major risk factor to the exposed person becoming a perpetrator of violence themselves. Victims of gun violence are seen in emergency rooms at alarming rates and despite gun related deaths increasing over the past few decades, there is not a significant quantity of research on violence intervention. As physicians are key players in individual and community health, they have an ethical imperative to intervene. Both doctors and patients believe that physicians can play a role in addressing gun safety and risk of firearm injury. Gun violence interventions by physicians can be either preventative, working to avoid an initial firearm related injury, or interventional, working to avert additional firearm related injuries. Outpatient clinical attempts to prevent firearm injury can be modeled after pre-established methods like bicycle helmet safety screening. Inpatient or post injury methods include more comprehensive approaches that focus on breaking the cycle of violence and preventing reinjury. Gun violence is a public health crisis that requires physician action. / Urban Bioethics

The panelists will be sharing information about gun violence in the U.S, proposed firearm legislation in Tennessee, research examining gun violence patterns in other states, and education to help parents and others prevent unintentional shootings by children.

This thesis is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a split grade five and six classroom in Toronto during the 1985/86 academic year. Data were collected through participatory observation, as well as through individual and focus group interviews. A group of eight activist African-Canadian high school students, as well as 26 Euro- Canadian “drop-backs” were also interviewed. The time during which I conducted the study was a period of intensive education activism of parents and the community in Toronto. I was interested in determining whether or not, and this activism was reflected at the school level, and if it was reflected, how. I also wanted to examine whether or not the historically supportive auxiliary role that parents played during this period was elevated to more substantive and meaningful active involvement in the education of their children during the last half of the 1980s. This study shows that activities in the classroom were driven by pre-packaged curriculum materials and were implemented with very few modifications. Coupled with teacher-centred practice, this closed the door for any diversifying opportunities that could have found their way into the classroom, not only from the homes of the children and the school community, but also from critics of the use of prepackaged material and, most importantly, from the students themselves. Furthermore, teacher-centred classroom discourse pushed students to develop a cynical attitude towards schooling. Having no say in what or how they were taught provided the children with few choices but to develop a coping mechanism of passive resistance. Their short-term survival strategies included appearing as though they were striding along, but not embracing their school experiences fully. By the same token, they were not challenged to think critically, to evaluate or to problem-solve. A link was also established between the students’ passive resistance at the elementary level with ‘fading out’ or ‘dropping out’ and successful resistance at the high school level.

This thesis is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a split grade five and six classroom in Toronto during the 1985/86 academic year. Data were collected through participatory observation, as well as through individual and focus group interviews. A group of eight activist African-Canadian high school students, as well as 26 Euro- Canadian “drop-backs” were also interviewed. The time during which I conducted the study was a period of intensive education activism of parents and the community in Toronto. I was interested in determining whether or not, and this activism was reflected at the school level, and if it was reflected, how. I also wanted to examine whether or not the historically supportive auxiliary role that parents played during this period was elevated to more substantive and meaningful active involvement in the education of their children during the last half of the 1980s. This study shows that activities in the classroom were driven by pre-packaged curriculum materials and were implemented with very few modifications. Coupled with teacher-centred practice, this closed the door for any diversifying opportunities that could have found their way into the classroom, not only from the homes of the children and the school community, but also from critics of the use of prepackaged material and, most importantly, from the students themselves. Furthermore, teacher-centred classroom discourse pushed students to develop a cynical attitude towards schooling. Having no say in what or how they were taught provided the children with few choices but to develop a coping mechanism of passive resistance. Their short-term survival strategies included appearing as though they were striding along, but not embracing their school experiences fully. By the same token, they were not challenged to think critically, to evaluate or to problem-solve. A link was also established between the students’ passive resistance at the elementary level with ‘fading out’ or ‘dropping out’ and successful resistance at the high school level.

This thesis analyzes the policy effects of several state gun control restrictions in the United States. The study employs the data of gun related crimes and gun control restrictions from Statistical Abstract of Criminal Justice Handbook through five years (from 1995 to 2000). Although many scholars have studied previously gun control policy effects on crimes, they always focus on the total violence level and ignore to compare the policy effects of different gun control laws. The present study examines intensively gun related crimes and compares several gun control policies. Pooled data is employed to access the effects of gun control restrictions, and it is another advancement based on previous studies, which always use cross-sectional or time series designs. These findings partially reject the previous conclusions that gun control laws have no effects on violence and for gun related homicides and robberies; several gun control restrictions like registration, license, and waiting period show some significant policy effects. Contrary to the past study, the permit to purchase, which has been regarded as the most efficient law, produces no significant policy effects. Sale report to police and certain firearm prohibited also have no significant effects. Among control variables, race and urban population exert the obvious influences on the gun violence, and specifically, the density of population affects the gun related homicides and high school graduates affects the gun related robberies. Implications of these findings and potential for future research are discussed.

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This paper examines the impact of confirmed shootings on the attractiveness of a neighborhood, measured through local housing prices, in Sweden’s major metropolitan areas during 2016-2019. A novel difference-in-differences approach is proposed where control groups are selected from areas that will be exposed to shootings in the near future but have not yet been so, thus mitigating the problem from previous studies that shootings might be a result of underlying unobserved factors for the neighborhood. The results are inconclusive overall apart from Uppsala, where the estimate is negative and significant, indicating a 4.8 percent drop in nearby housing prices after a shooting. Multiple alternative specifications are used to test the robustness of the results. Overall, the negative estimate for Uppsala seems quite stable, whereas the estimated impact in other regions remains insignificant. One potential explanation could be that gun-violence is a rather new phenomena in Uppsala relative to the other regions, which could make the effect of a shooting in Uppsala more pronounced. A consideration for policy makers may then be that programs aiming to reduce gun-violence will have a larger economic impact in areas where shootings are a relatively new and arising problem.