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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Crítica da razão acadêmica: campo das ciências sociais livres e a psicologia social francesa no fim do século XIX / Critic of the academical reason: the field of free social sciences and the french social psychology at the end of the nineteenth century.

Marcia Cristina Consolim 29 October 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho analisa o surgimento da \"psicologia social\" francesa na última década do século XIX, através de seus representantes mais conhecidos, Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) e Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), mas também de autores que, pertencentes ao mesmo meio, mantiveram com eles afinidades intelectuais, sociais e teóricas. Parto do princípio de que o estudo de um determinado tema, mesmo que não institucionalizado, como é o caso da \"psicologia social\", deve ser compreendido a partir da estrutura do campo intelectual no período, no caso, em processo de autonomização e profissionalização a partir dos anos 80. Isso significa que, no campo disciplinar, a grande referência é o corte entre o pólo universitário e o pólo \"livre\", o que predispôs a disputas diversas por cadeiras e cursos por parte dos representantes das várias matérias ainda não institucionalizadas. A \"psicologia social\" é uma dessas matérias que têm vigência e legitimidade restritas a um determinado grupo e período da história do campo, ou seja, é uma matéria típica de posições intelectualmente dominadas, não universitárias, e cujo fim era o combate pela ascensão à universidade contra o seu principal concorrente, a sociologia durkheimiana. Dado o caráter fluido das definições disciplinares, defino o campo das \"ciências sociais\" pelo combate entre as disciplinas novas - a economia, a psicologia e a sociologia - e delas com as antigas disciplinas - a história e a filosofia - e identifico duas grandes correntes e práticas nas ciências sociais \"livres\": a que pertence ao poder social e a que pertence ao poder intelectual. Em segundo lugar, mostro como essas posições extra-universitárias correspondem a estratégias no campo editorial, tendo em vista que as editoras, revistas e coleções congregaram os grupos interessados nesse combate. Concluo que a \"psicologia social\", por não ter conseguido se instituir como disciplina universitária nesse período, teve sua sobrevivência condicionada à constituição de um público não universitário, através de coleções, de revistas ou de instituições \"livres\" de ensino. Dada a falta de credenciais acadêmicas, a sobrevivência desses grupos no campo intelectual exigiu um investimento brutal em relações sociais. Como corolário desse processo, as representações tenderam a valorizar seja a função técnica seja a missão cultural das ciências sociais em detrimento de sua autonomização no campo científico. É por essa razão que a \"psicologia social\" hipostasiou o papel das elites e da liberdade individual contra as multidões e as determinações coletivas, elaborando uma representação invertida da posição que esses autores ocuparam no campo intelectual. / This thesis analyses the emergency of the French \"social psychology\" in the last decade of the XIXth century, particularly through the work of its most renewed authors, Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) and Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), but also through the work of authors who, belonging to the same network, had with them intellectual, social and theoretical identities. I suppose that the study of a theme, even if it is not institucionalized, as it is the case in \"social psychology\", has to be based on the structure of the French intellectual field, which means, from the process of autonomization and profissionalization starting in the 80ies. This implies that, in the disciplinary field, there is a main polarization between the university positions and the \"free\" positions, the last ones fighting for chairs and carreers at the university. The \"social psychology\" is one of those subjects that had legitimity limited to a determined group and period of the history of the field, that means, is a typical subject of intellectual dominated positions, non universitarian, and whose purpose was to win positions against durkheimian sociology. Considering the undefined character of these disciplines, I call \"social sciences\" the battles between the new disciplines - economy, psychology and sociology - and between them and the old and institucionalized ones - history and philosophy - and I identify two main groups and practices in the \"free\" social sciences: the one who belongs to the social power and the one who belongs to the intellectual one. Besides, I show that these extra-universitarian positions correspond to strategies in the editorial field, because the editeurs, reviews and collections have aggregated the same two groups and fights. I concluded that \"social psychology\", for the reason it could not be institucionalized, had to survive in the intellectual field by constructing a public non universitarian through collections, reviews and \"free\" schools. Considering the lack of academic credencials, the surviving of these groups in the intellectual field demanded a brutal investment in social relationships. As a consequence, their representations tended to emphasize the technical function or the cultural mission in social sciences against their autonomization in the scientific field. The result is that \"social psychology\" gave too much value to the role of the elites and of the individual freedom against the crowds and the collective determinations, producing a reversed representation of the position these authors occupied in the intellectual field.
2

Crítica da razão acadêmica: campo das ciências sociais livres e a psicologia social francesa no fim do século XIX / Critic of the academical reason: the field of free social sciences and the french social psychology at the end of the nineteenth century.

Consolim, Marcia Cristina 29 October 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho analisa o surgimento da \"psicologia social\" francesa na última década do século XIX, através de seus representantes mais conhecidos, Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) e Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), mas também de autores que, pertencentes ao mesmo meio, mantiveram com eles afinidades intelectuais, sociais e teóricas. Parto do princípio de que o estudo de um determinado tema, mesmo que não institucionalizado, como é o caso da \"psicologia social\", deve ser compreendido a partir da estrutura do campo intelectual no período, no caso, em processo de autonomização e profissionalização a partir dos anos 80. Isso significa que, no campo disciplinar, a grande referência é o corte entre o pólo universitário e o pólo \"livre\", o que predispôs a disputas diversas por cadeiras e cursos por parte dos representantes das várias matérias ainda não institucionalizadas. A \"psicologia social\" é uma dessas matérias que têm vigência e legitimidade restritas a um determinado grupo e período da história do campo, ou seja, é uma matéria típica de posições intelectualmente dominadas, não universitárias, e cujo fim era o combate pela ascensão à universidade contra o seu principal concorrente, a sociologia durkheimiana. Dado o caráter fluido das definições disciplinares, defino o campo das \"ciências sociais\" pelo combate entre as disciplinas novas - a economia, a psicologia e a sociologia - e delas com as antigas disciplinas - a história e a filosofia - e identifico duas grandes correntes e práticas nas ciências sociais \"livres\": a que pertence ao poder social e a que pertence ao poder intelectual. Em segundo lugar, mostro como essas posições extra-universitárias correspondem a estratégias no campo editorial, tendo em vista que as editoras, revistas e coleções congregaram os grupos interessados nesse combate. Concluo que a \"psicologia social\", por não ter conseguido se instituir como disciplina universitária nesse período, teve sua sobrevivência condicionada à constituição de um público não universitário, através de coleções, de revistas ou de instituições \"livres\" de ensino. Dada a falta de credenciais acadêmicas, a sobrevivência desses grupos no campo intelectual exigiu um investimento brutal em relações sociais. Como corolário desse processo, as representações tenderam a valorizar seja a função técnica seja a missão cultural das ciências sociais em detrimento de sua autonomização no campo científico. É por essa razão que a \"psicologia social\" hipostasiou o papel das elites e da liberdade individual contra as multidões e as determinações coletivas, elaborando uma representação invertida da posição que esses autores ocuparam no campo intelectual. / This thesis analyses the emergency of the French \"social psychology\" in the last decade of the XIXth century, particularly through the work of its most renewed authors, Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) and Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), but also through the work of authors who, belonging to the same network, had with them intellectual, social and theoretical identities. I suppose that the study of a theme, even if it is not institucionalized, as it is the case in \"social psychology\", has to be based on the structure of the French intellectual field, which means, from the process of autonomization and profissionalization starting in the 80ies. This implies that, in the disciplinary field, there is a main polarization between the university positions and the \"free\" positions, the last ones fighting for chairs and carreers at the university. The \"social psychology\" is one of those subjects that had legitimity limited to a determined group and period of the history of the field, that means, is a typical subject of intellectual dominated positions, non universitarian, and whose purpose was to win positions against durkheimian sociology. Considering the undefined character of these disciplines, I call \"social sciences\" the battles between the new disciplines - economy, psychology and sociology - and between them and the old and institucionalized ones - history and philosophy - and I identify two main groups and practices in the \"free\" social sciences: the one who belongs to the social power and the one who belongs to the intellectual one. Besides, I show that these extra-universitarian positions correspond to strategies in the editorial field, because the editeurs, reviews and collections have aggregated the same two groups and fights. I concluded that \"social psychology\", for the reason it could not be institucionalized, had to survive in the intellectual field by constructing a public non universitarian through collections, reviews and \"free\" schools. Considering the lack of academic credencials, the surviving of these groups in the intellectual field demanded a brutal investment in social relationships. As a consequence, their representations tended to emphasize the technical function or the cultural mission in social sciences against their autonomization in the scientific field. The result is that \"social psychology\" gave too much value to the role of the elites and of the individual freedom against the crowds and the collective determinations, producing a reversed representation of the position these authors occupied in the intellectual field.
3

Reconciling Order and Progress: Auguste Comte, Gustave Le Bon, Emile Durkheim, and the Development of Positivism in France, 1820-1914

Navarro, Khali 01 January 2014 (has links)
This thesis discusses the philosophy of positivism in nineteenth century France. Based on an empirical vision of society, positivism advocated values of rationality, progress, and secularization. In that way, it stood as one of the defining systems of thought of the modern era. I discuss, however, an undercurrent of anxiety about those same values. Positivism's founder, Auguste Comte, argued that all sciences would become unified and organized under universal principles and empirical standards. He viewed the human mind as becoming more rationalized throughout history. In his later career, however, he argued that rationalism was a destructive force and that a new form of secular religion as necessary to establish morality and order. I argue that this transition from science to religion represents an underlying anxiety of the nineteenth century. Intellectuals from different sides of the political spectrum viewed progress as positive, but also limited. They argued that something beyond science, in the realm of the religious, the metaphysical, or the subjective, was necessary for society. They expressed these concerns through the language of gender. Comte argued that women would be at the center of his religion. They would socialize and moralize men, making them part of a new unified, pacifist and orderly social whole. I also discuss two later intellectuals, social psychologist Gustave Le Bon and pioneering sociologist Emile Durkheim. Le Bon represented the fin-de-siecle rejection of positivism. He began with positivist principles, but later argued that humanity was irrational and violent. He viewed the modern masses as a powerful force which threatened to destroy civilization. The other figure, Durkheim, rejected Le Bon's form of nationalist right-wing thought and formed theories of social harmony, altruism, and a solidarity. He sought to reconcile egalitarian republican principles with positivist science. Despite their diverging theories, however, Le Bon and Durkheim employed similar assumptions about modernity and gender. Le Bon argued that European men were superior, and that all other groups shared an undeveloped mentality. Durkheim argued that men were social while women were simpler and mentally limited. Their views, far from establishing an unproblematic hierarchy of gender and race, in fact expressed anxieties about the state of modernity. They identified women, the lower classes, and other societies with values of simplicity, unity, and tradition. They identified the modern, Western male individual with the problems of modern society: excessive rationalization, instability, and secularization. This sense of ambivalence about modernity reveals the central importance of positivism to understanding nineteenth century thought. Positivism sought to reconcile seemingly antithetical principles of order with progress, individualism with social unity, and morality with rationalization. In doing so, it established anxieties about the forces of change. Positivists advocated the most modern of principles, and sought to further the progress of civilization, but also identified those rationalized forces as problems in need of control. Positivism thus established its own undoing, which would come at the beginning of the twentieth century. In that era, intellectuals rejected purely scientific visions of the world in favor of subjective thought. I locate the origins of that rejection at the very foundations of positivist theory.
4

Noções de irracionalidade na psicologia das massas

Sobral, Alekssey Marcos Di Piero 18 May 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alekssey Marcos Di Piero Sobral.pdf: 407855 bytes, checksum: 52f26e73224261f55429c5fe0e0dbb95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The object of this investigation was to study the possibly notions of irrationality in the theories of some pioneers authors of Social Psychology, named Psychology of The Masses. Is believed that the presence of irrationality s notions in this theories could be an indication of a larger historic movement, described as a lurch to irrationality, whereby all the philosophical-scientific enterprise of the XIX century s end and XX century s beginning has crossed. This research is dedicated, therefore, to search for the underlying irracional element in the theories of Gabriel Tarde, Scipio Sighele and Gustave Le Bon, for the purpose of understand their coincidences and nuances and to scribe anything of their possible fate in the psychology s history. To accomplish this proposal, the work was unfolded in two ways of analysis: the first, lexical, in witch was investigated the plot of meanings in the theories that could point to a irracionality notion, and the second one, historical, that proposes to understand the way and the meaning of the trajectory of the irrationality s notions in the psychology and in the contemporary science in general. In the first analysis, the afterthought of Ludwig Wittgestein was used, upon the language-games. In the second one, the theories of Adorno and Horkheimer developed mainly in the Dialectic of Enlightment were the basis to a historical interpretation of history. When the analysis reach the end, is concluded in favor of the highlighted notion of the irrationality in each of the investigated authors, which notions are part of the veiled irrational subject in general, that had been posteriorly adduced to the psychoanalysis and, ultimately, popularized. This turning point toward irrationality observed in the sciences of mind had parallel in the natural science, as in the case of the emergency of quantum physics, one of the examples discussed. Far from imagine the irracionality notion as an threat to rationality and science, we can see it, in a dialetical perspective, as a sign of openness toward the study of the concret world and man / A presente investigação teve por objeto o estudo de possíveis noções de irracionalidade nas teorias de alguns dos autores pioneiros da Psicologia Social, então nomeada Psicologia das Massas. Supô-se que a presença de uma noção de irracionalidade nessas teorias poderia ser indício de um movimento histórico mais amplo, descrito como uma guinada em direção à irracionalidade, pelo qual teria passado todo o empreendimento filosófico-científico no fim do século XIX e começo do século XX. A pesquisa se dedica, assim, a procurar pelo elemento irracional subjacente às teorias de Gabriel Tarde, Scipio Sighele e Gustave Le Bon a fim de entender suas coincidências e nuances e traçar algo de seu possível destino na história da psicologia. Para a realização da proposta, o trabalho desdobrou-se em duas formas de análise: a primeira, léxica, em que se investigou a trama de significantes nas teorias que poderiam apontar para uma noção de irracionalidade, e a segunda, histórica, que se propôs a entender o caminho e o significado da trajetória das noções de irracionalidade na psicologia e na ciência contemporânea, de uma forma geral. Na primeira análise, fez-se uso do pensamento tardio de Ludwig Wittgenstein acerca dos jogos de linguagem. Na segunda, as teses de Adorno e Horkheimer desenvolvidas principalmente na Dialética do Esclarecimento foram a base para uma interpretação da história. Quando as análises chegam a termo, conclui-se em favor da presença bem destacada de uma noção de irracionalidade em cada um dos autores investigados, noções estas constituidoras das formas gerais de um sujeito irracional velado, que teria sido posteriormente carreado para a psicanálise e enfim, popularizado. Tal virada em direção à irracionalidade observada nas ciências do espírito teve paralelos nas ciências naturais, como no caso da emergência da Física Quântica, um dos exemplos abordados. Longe de imaginarmos a noção de irracionalidade como uma ameaça à razão e a ciência, podemos vê-la, numa perspectiva dialética, como um sinal de abertura em direção ao estudo do mundo e do homem concretos

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