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Food habits and acculturation dietary practices and nutrition of families headed by southern-born Negroes residing in a northern metropolis.Jerome, Norge W. January 1967 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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How Automatic Are Automatic Thoughts? Exploring the Role of Positive and Negative Mental Habits in Well-BeingColvin, Eamon 30 June 2023 (has links)
This dissertation investigated the role of mental habits in well-being. There has been extensive research on how people form behavioural habits related to their physical health (e.g., diet and exercise), but there have been fewer theoretical and empirical attempts to understand how the same habitual processes might underlie mental health. By better understanding the role of habits in mental health, particularly habitual thinking, clinicians and researchers might be able to improve the treatments offered for mental health concerns (e.g., depression and anxiety). In the three studies presented in this dissertation, I aimed to integrate habit research with the study of mental health by examining the extent to which thoughts can be considered habitual.
In Study 1, we conducted a scoping review to describe and summarize the existing literature on mental habits (as they relate to mental health). We screened 2817 articles and included 20 in the review. Of these 20 articles, we examined 24 separate studies and 4 commentaries on mental habits. When defining habits, researchers emphasized the importance of automaticity (described in 80% of articles) as a key factor in differentiating mental habits from other thinking processes. Most research studies used correlational research designs (71%) with university student samples (75%) measuring various constructs including negative self-thinking, worry, self-critical thinking, self-stigma, negative body image thinking, and emotion regulation. We found no articles that measured positive mental habits. Lastly, the concept of mental habits has been poorly integrated with related psychological constructs (e.g., automatic thinking, repetitive negative thinking).
In Study 2, we developed two new measures of mental habits, the Positive Thought Automaticity Index (PTAI) and Negative Thought Automaticity Index (NTAI), that integrated the strengths of existing mental habit and automatic thought questionnaires. We then used these two measures to tease apart the roles of automaticity and frequency in predicting well-being outcomes. Based on two samples of participants from the United Kingdom and Canada, these new measures demonstrated predictive and concurrent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. Positive and negative thought automaticity predicted well-being outcomes over and above thought frequency. Thought automaticity partially mediated the relationship between thought frequency and how much participants believe thoughts to be true. Overall, the results of Study 2 provided evidence of the utility of automaticity as a distinct thinking process compared to frequency.
In Study 3, we examined a key component of mental habits that has been under-explored in the literature: the cues that precede automatic thoughts. Participants from the United Kingdom completed a questionnaire about the recent and past cues that have preceded their automatic thoughts. We analyzed the results using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Using thematic analysis, we coded participants responses using the PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievement) framework. We coded 92% of situations preceding negative thoughts and 97% of situations preceding positive thoughts as fitting within the PERMA framework. Participants described multiple cues preceding the same thought, with a median of five cues reported for both positive and negative thoughts. Participants also endorsed experiencing internal (e.g., emotions) and external (e.g., situations) cues as preceding thoughts in similar proportions. The results from Study 3 contribute to the mental habit literature by providing important information about the nature of the events preceding automatic thinking.
Overall, this program of research connects several disparate areas of study (e.g., mental habits, automatic thinking) and provides new insights about how the conceptual framework of mental habits may be useful to both clinicians and researchers. By summarizing the existing research on mental habits (Study 1), distinguishing automatic from frequent thinking (Study 2), and better understanding the cues that precede automatic thoughts (Study 3), this dissertation attempts to clarify the role of habitual thinking in mental health. My intention is that the ideas in this dissertation will stimulate further discussions amongst habit researchers and clinicians, which will improve our understanding of mental health problems and how we treat them.
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Lunch preferences and buying habits of women office workersDavis, Lois G January 2011 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas State University Libraries
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Development of a scale to measure attitudes toward institutional foodBirt, Dorothy Phyllis. January 1966 (has links)
LD2668 .T4 1966 B619 / Master of Science
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Interrelationships among attitudes toward and practice of nutrition and health of prepaid health plan membersDaoust, Jan Morgan 30 April 1982 (has links)
Interrelationships among attitudes toward and practice
of nutrition and health were determined from results of
335 responses to a survey mailed to members of a prepaid
health plan in Portland, Oregon, in the Spring of 1981.
The scales used to test attitudes included Subjective
Index of General Well-Being, Health Locus of Control and
the attitude "nutrition is important". Nutrition practices
were determined from a one-day food record analyzed using
Pennington's index nutrients. Health practices, including
smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hours of
sleep, body weight in relation to standards and meal frequency,
were analyzed to form a health practice score.
Demographic characteristics of the population, including
sex, age, marital status, employment status, education and
income, were determined and correlated with all attitudes
and practices. Interrelationships were tested using
Pearson r and Chi-square correlations and multiple regression
analysis.
The population studied was characterized as married,
employed, well educated and middle income. They felt
well and in control of their health. Approximately 52
percent practiced several desirable health practices,
about 90 percent had a positive attitude toward nutrition
and only 22 percent scored above at least 66 percent of
Dietary Nutrient Score considered adequate for adults
while 33 percent had diets which did not meet 50 percent
of this score.
This study using members of a prepaid health plan
supports the existing literature. Nutrition attitude,
"nutrition is important," is correlated to nutrient intake.
Health attitudes, general well-being and health locus of
control, were correlated to health practices. In this
study correlations among general well-being, health locus
of control, nutrition attitude, health practices and
nutrition practices were noted, however the correlations were
not large enough to be predictive. Further study is
recommended to define and develop these relationships. / Graduation date: 1982
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Provisioning strategies, intraspecific parasitism and guild structure in solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Pompilidae)Field, J. P. January 1987 (has links)
Group-living, within the Hymenoptera, is restricted to taxa in which females return to their nests repeatedly with food for their offspring (multiple provisioning), increasing the opportunities for helping (e.g. by guarding the nest). Some solitary wasps provide only one large prey item per cell (single provisioning). <i>Ammophila sabulosa</i> (Sphecidae) females provision half of their cells singly and half multiply. The costs and benefits of these two alternatives are compared in terms of : a. Total weight of prey (caterpillars) provided. b. Time taken to capture and transport prey. c. The probability of intraspecific theft of prey from cells. d. The incidence of parasitism by miltogrammine flies. There is no evidence that either strategy is more successful than the other. An advantage of flexible provisioning is suggested by a study of <i>Anoplius viaticus</i> (Pompilidae), females of which provision all cells singly with spiders. Despite provisioning prey of a smaller size range than does <i>Ammophila</i>, total prey weight in <i>Anoplius</i> cells is more variable and dependent upon seasonal changes in prey availability. <i>Ammophila</i> females steal caterpillars from each others' nests, and both they and <i>Anoplius</i> females brood-parasitize cells of conspecifics. Intraspecific parasitism as an alternative nesting strategy is discussed and compared with work on other solitary wasps. Patterns of resource utilization are documented for the guild of spider-hunting pompilid wasps at one site. Data were collected on : a. Microhabitat utilization. b. Seasonal occurrence. c. Female size distributions. d. Prey species and sizes. Observed patterns of utilization and overlap are compared with 'neutral' models of guild structure in which various aspects of the species x resources utilized matrix are randomized. Some of the results are consistent with the idea that interspecific competition has partly determined pompilid guild structure, but problems of methodology and interpretation are discussed.
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Life history strategies in fungal breeding DrosophilaWatson, A. P. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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The role of extra-pair copulation in Razorbill mating strategiesWagner, Richard Howard January 1991 (has links)
No description available.
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Foraging decisions : the effects of conspecifics and environmental stochasticityInman, Alastair J. January 1990 (has links)
No description available.
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Food preferences of university studentsBarlow, Ann Elaine January 1962 (has links)
No description available.
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