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O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a afinidade e especificidade de sítios EF-hand, e correlacionar estas propriedades com a estrutura primária do sítio, com as interações entre aminoácidos nas posições de coordenação, e com prováveis características da estrutura terciária da proteína. Os efeitos de três mutações no sítio EF-hand da cadeia leve regulatória de miosina (RLC) foram estudados: D5S, em que o aspartato presente na posição 5 do sítio foi substituído por uma serina; D9E, substituindo o aspartato da posição 9 por um glutamato, e D12E, substituindo o aspartato da posição 12 por um glutamato. Todas as combinações destas três mutações foram produzidas. Os mutantes simples D5S e D9E e o duplo mutante D5S/D9E têm baixa afinidade por cálcio. Todos os mutantes contendo a mutação D12E são específicos para cálcio, com afinidades maiores que RLC tipo selvagem. Todos os mutantes estudados possuem menor afinidade por magnésio que RLC tipo selvagem. As mudanças na energia livre de ligação e as energias de acoplamento sugerem que há interações inespecíficas entre todas as posições, e uma interação específica entre uma serina na posição 5 e um glutamato na posição 9. Esta interação ocorre somente na presença de magnésio, e quando há um aspartato na posição 12. O glutamato na posição 9 pode ser capaz de coordenar a ligação de magnésio diretamente no duplo mutante D5S/D9E. Embora um aminoácido ou um certo arranjo deles possa determinar características específicas do sítio EF-hand, o conjunto de propriedades depende da estrutura terciária, uma vez que sítios homólogos podem possuir afinidades e especificidades bastante diferentes. / The aim of this thesis was to study affinity and specificity in EF-hand sites, and how these properties are related to the site primary structure, interactions between amino acids in coordinating positions, and probable tertiary structure properties. The effects of three mutations on the EF-hand Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site of smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) were studied: D5S, in which an aspartate is replaced by a serine in position 5 of the loop; D9E, in which an aspartate is replaced by a glutamate in position 9, and D12E, in which the aspartate in position 12 is replaced by a glutamate. All possible combinations of the three mutations were produced. The single mutants D5S and D9E and the double mutant D5S/D9E have low affinity for Ca2+. All the mutants containing mutation D12E are Ca2+-specific and have higher affinities than wild type, even when containing mutations D5S or D9E. All the mutants studied have lower affinity for Mg2+ than wild type RLC. Coupling energies and changes in binding free energy suggest that all positions interact in a non-specific way, and a specific interaction occurs between a serine in position 5 and a glutamate in position 9. This interaction can be seen only in the presence of magnesium, and with an apartate in position 12. Glutamate in position 9 may be able to coordinate Mg2+ directly in the double mutant D5S/D9E. Even though an amino acid or a few amino acids in certain positions can determine specific characteristics for an EF-hand site, the site properties depend on the tertiary structure, since homologue sites can have very different affinities and specificities.

by Cecilia Tsang Wai Ping. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a afinidade e especificidade de sítios EF-hand, e correlacionar estas propriedades com a estrutura primária do sítio, com as interações entre aminoácidos nas posições de coordenação, e com prováveis características da estrutura terciária da proteína. Os efeitos de três mutações no sítio EF-hand da cadeia leve regulatória de miosina (RLC) foram estudados: D5S, em que o aspartato presente na posição 5 do sítio foi substituído por uma serina; D9E, substituindo o aspartato da posição 9 por um glutamato, e D12E, substituindo o aspartato da posição 12 por um glutamato. Todas as combinações destas três mutações foram produzidas. Os mutantes simples D5S e D9E e o duplo mutante D5S/D9E têm baixa afinidade por cálcio. Todos os mutantes contendo a mutação D12E são específicos para cálcio, com afinidades maiores que RLC tipo selvagem. Todos os mutantes estudados possuem menor afinidade por magnésio que RLC tipo selvagem. As mudanças na energia livre de ligação e as energias de acoplamento sugerem que há interações inespecíficas entre todas as posições, e uma interação específica entre uma serina na posição 5 e um glutamato na posição 9. Esta interação ocorre somente na presença de magnésio, e quando há um aspartato na posição 12. O glutamato na posição 9 pode ser capaz de coordenar a ligação de magnésio diretamente no duplo mutante D5S/D9E. Embora um aminoácido ou um certo arranjo deles possa determinar características específicas do sítio EF-hand, o conjunto de propriedades depende da estrutura terciária, uma vez que sítios homólogos podem possuir afinidades e especificidades bastante diferentes. / The aim of this thesis was to study affinity and specificity in EF-hand sites, and how these properties are related to the site primary structure, interactions between amino acids in coordinating positions, and probable tertiary structure properties. The effects of three mutations on the EF-hand Ca2+/Mg2+ binding site of smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) were studied: D5S, in which an aspartate is replaced by a serine in position 5 of the loop; D9E, in which an aspartate is replaced by a glutamate in position 9, and D12E, in which the aspartate in position 12 is replaced by a glutamate. All possible combinations of the three mutations were produced. The single mutants D5S and D9E and the double mutant D5S/D9E have low affinity for Ca2+. All the mutants containing mutation D12E are Ca2+-specific and have higher affinities than wild type, even when containing mutations D5S or D9E. All the mutants studied have lower affinity for Mg2+ than wild type RLC. Coupling energies and changes in binding free energy suggest that all positions interact in a non-specific way, and a specific interaction occurs between a serine in position 5 and a glutamate in position 9. This interaction can be seen only in the presence of magnesium, and with an apartate in position 12. Glutamate in position 9 may be able to coordinate Mg2+ directly in the double mutant D5S/D9E. Even though an amino acid or a few amino acids in certain positions can determine specific characteristics for an EF-hand site, the site properties depend on the tertiary structure, since homologue sites can have very different affinities and specificities.

<p>Inom operationssjukvård förebyggs postoperativa infektioner genom att operationspersonalen utför preoperativ handdesinfektion. Det finns två handdesinfektionsmetoder som rekommenderas att använda, Metod 1 för alkoholbaserad handdesinfektion (Sterillium) och Metod 2 för antiseptisk handdesinfektion (Hibiscrub). Syftet med studien var att studera och jämföra olika preoperativa handdesinfektionsmetoder inom operationssjukvård. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som baserades på 11 vetenskapliga studier. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline samt via manuella sökningar. Sökorden användes enskilt och i kombination. Jämförelse gjordes av de två rekommenderade handdesinfektionsmetoderna utifrån evidens samt framkomna kategorier: effekter, hudens tolerans och tid. Den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionsmetoden med Sterillium (Metod 1) var betydligt mer effektiv än den preoperativa antiseptiska handdesinfektionsmetoden med Hibiscrub (Metod 2). Den visade även bättre resultat gällande hudens tolerans, operationstidens längd samt att den var mer tidssparande och smidigare att utföra. Det visade sig också ha betydelse på effekten hur den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionen utfördes. I studiens resultat framkom inget som styrkte Metod 2.</p> / Uppsatsseminarium utfördes 2008-05-16

Inom operationssjukvård förebyggs postoperativa infektioner genom att operationspersonalen utför preoperativ handdesinfektion. Det finns två handdesinfektionsmetoder som rekommenderas att använda, Metod 1 för alkoholbaserad handdesinfektion (Sterillium) och Metod 2 för antiseptisk handdesinfektion (Hibiscrub). Syftet med studien var att studera och jämföra olika preoperativa handdesinfektionsmetoder inom operationssjukvård. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som baserades på 11 vetenskapliga studier. Systematiska sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline samt via manuella sökningar. Sökorden användes enskilt och i kombination. Jämförelse gjordes av de två rekommenderade handdesinfektionsmetoderna utifrån evidens samt framkomna kategorier: effekter, hudens tolerans och tid. Den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionsmetoden med Sterillium (Metod 1) var betydligt mer effektiv än den preoperativa antiseptiska handdesinfektionsmetoden med Hibiscrub (Metod 2). Den visade även bättre resultat gällande hudens tolerans, operationstidens längd samt att den var mer tidssparande och smidigare att utföra. Det visade sig också ha betydelse på effekten hur den preoperativa alkoholbaserade handdesinfektionen utfördes. I studiens resultat framkom inget som styrkte Metod 2. / Uppsatsseminarium utfördes 2008-05-16

Hospital-acquired, or nosocomial infections (HAIs) are the major source of mortality and morbidity for hospitalized patients. It is estimated that 7-10% patients developed HAIs during their hospital stays, with most patients got infected from intensive care units (ICU) [1,2]. Hand hygiene (HH) is recognized as the most easy and effective way to prevent HAIs. However, the observed hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare workers (HCWs) have been regarded as unacceptably low, especially in ICU [3]. This literature review is to discuss the factors influencing the hand hygiene compliance among HCWs in ICU, in both the individual and institutional level, and suggest which factor was important in both levels. Recommendations in comprehensive approach on hand hygiene practices will also be included. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Με την αλματώδη πρόοδο της τεχνολογίας τα τελευταία χρόνια, οι συσκευές πολυμέσων έχουν γίνει ακόμη περισσότερο «έξυπνες». Όλες αυτές οι συσκευές, απαιτούν επικοινωνία με τον χρήστη σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Ο τομέας της επικοινωνίας ανθρώπου – υπολογιστή (human – computer interaction - HCI) έχει προχωρήσει πια από την εποχή που τα μοναδικά εργαλεία ήταν το ποντίκι και το πληκτρολόγιο. Ένας από τους πιο ενδιαφέροντες και αναπτυσσόμενους τομείς είναι η χρήση χειρονομιών για αλληλεπίδραση με την έξυπνη συσκευή. Στη παρούσα εργασία προτείνεται ένα αυτόματο σύστημα όπου ο χρήστης θα επικοινωνεί με μία συσκευή πολυμέσων, για παράδειγμα μία τηλεόραση, βάση χειρονομιών σε πραγματικό χρόνο και σε πραγματικές συνθήκες. Θα παρουσιαστούν και θα δοκιμαστούν δημοφιλείς αλγόριθμοι της υπολογιστικής όρασης (computer vision) και της αναγνώρισης προτύπων (pattern recognition) και κάποιοι από αυτούς θα ενσωματωθούν στο σύστημά μας. Το προτεινόμενο σύστημα μπορεί να παρακολουθεί το χέρι ενός χρήστη και να αναγνωρίζει τη χειρονομία του. Η παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζει μια υλοποίηση στο Matlab® (2014b) και αποτελεί προστάδιο υλοποίησης σε πραγματικό χρόνο. / The rapid advances of technology during the last years have enabled multimedia devices to become more and more «smart» requiring real time interaction with the user. The field of human-computer interaction (HCI) has to show many advances in this communication that is not restricted only to the use of mouse and keyboard that once used to be the only tools for communication with the computer. An area of great interest and improvements is the use of hand gestures in order to enable interaction with the smart device. In this master thesis, a novel automatic system that enables the communication of the user with a multimedia device, e.g. a television, in real time and under real circumstances is proposed. In this thesis, popular algorithms from the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition will be investigated in order to choose the ones that will be incorporated in the proposed system. This system has the ability to track the user’s hand, recognize his gesture and act properly. The current implementation was conducted with the use of Matlab® (2014b) and constitutes a first step of the final real time implementation.

ABBREVIATIONS MPJ – Metacarpophalangeal joints PIPJ – Proximal interphalangeal joints DIPJ – Distal interphalangeal joints OIJ – Own interphalangeal joints (PIPJ + DIPJ) DPTB – Deep partial thickness burns ST– Sparing tactics AST – Active surgical tactics KMUH–Kaunas Medical University Hospital MRSA - Meticylin resistant Staphylococcus aureus MSSA - Meticylin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ADP – Autodermoplastics TBSA – Total burn surface area BAH– Burnt area of hand IHF – Impairment of hand’ function AASH – The Association of American Surgeons of Hand 1. INTRODUCTION Hand actively participate in daily activities of a human, therefore hand are the mostly vulnerable part of human’s body. According to the data of various authors, the injuries of hand and fingers make even 30-75% of all industrial traumas (Antonopulos et al. 1992, Burm et al. 1999), and burns of hand make about 6% of all traumas of hand (Mam et al. 1998). According to the data of the Lithuanian Information Center of Health, the number of injuries of shoulder bend and hand in these latter years is increasing constantly (Picture 1). Moreover, every year more than 6000 people sustain burns and about 2000 of them are treated at hospitals. About 500 people, who sustained burns, are treated every year at the specialized hospitals. Burns of one or both hand are diagnosed to about half of hospitalized patients, and deep partial thickness burns of hand are diagnosed to 15-20% of them. a b... [to full text]