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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / Namibian ports are state-owned and have fallen behind in terms of port reform The ports are increasingly pressurised by port users and even more so by shipping lines for infrastructure investment and technological advancement without any guarantee of return on investments. Increased competition amongst ports as well as a shift in the balance of power to port users, demands of Namibia to review its port governance and ownership structure to ensure that the country remains responsive to the changing global marketplace contribute to these pressures. This study deals with the complexities associated with port reform and port competition. The paper presents a synthesis of literature on port governance models and port reform. In addition, this paper also presents an analysis of the port choice decisions made by port users and reviewed port reform case studies of two African ports. Drawing from the lessons in case studies, it is clear that various options of port reform have emerged over the years, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The study further shows similarities in the objectives of port users when choosing a port but applying different strategies to achieve their objectives.

Subsurface oil and surface seep samples from the Niger Delta Nigeria, Tano and Cape Three Points Basins in Ghana, and the Orcadian Basin in Scotland were analysed using an organic geochemistry approach. Source organofacies, oil thermal maturity and the effect of alteration processes were evaluated, with the aim of developing a better understanding of the origin, nature and type of petroleum present. Biomarker analyses suggested that undegraded oils are found with biodegraded oils with a range of levels of biodegradation in the Niger Delta. On the commonly used Peters and Moldowan scale of biodegradation, the samples rank between PM level 0 and 7. The Ghanaian and Scottish oils and seeps showed a range of biodegradation levels between PM level 2 and 7. Biodegradation appeared to be the major control on the composition and physical properties of the oils and seeps from Niger Delta and Ghana while there is evidence that a stage of water washing was important for the Scottish seeps. Key aspects of the biodegradation process were reflected in the variable occurrence of hopanoids and other biomarkers. 25-Norhopanes were detected in all samples biodegraded in subsurface reservoirs but absent in seeps degraded at surface conditions. This was observed for both the Ghanaian and Nigeria samples. The inverse relationship of hopane to 25- norhopanes in the Niger Delta is presented for the first time. This evidence supports the hypothesis that 25-norhopanes are a product of hopane demethylation. Furthermore a pathway for the formation of 25-norhopane from 25-norhopanoic acid by decarboxylation is evidence by nature of the covariation in relative concentration of these compounds. Seeps from Scotland show that only moderate levels of biodegradation (PM 3) have significantly reduced monoaromatic and triaromatic steroids abundances. The most likely cause for this is by water washing at surface conditions. Reservoir temperature and oil charge histories appeared to have had a significant influence on the extent of biodegradation in the Niger Delta. The late migration of oil from deeper hotter subsurface regions to shallow reservoirs accounts for the presence of undegraded oils amidst the biodegraded oils in the Niger Delta.

Simulation is used to study the effectiveness of mine avoidance sonar (MAS) use on safe minefield transit by a ship. A MAS is able to detect mine-like objects but currently cannot classify the detected object as a mine or a non-mine mine-like bottom object (nombo). The tactic is to avoid all detected objects. The minefield is represented by a finite grid of fixed width and length. The representation of ship maneuvering in the simulation is similar to that of a wall tracing algorithm for a computer mouse going through a maze. The simulation results indicate that the use of the mine avoidance sonars can increase the probability of successful transit. The probability of successful transit increases as the probability of detection increases for minefield object densities less than 50% of the field. However, the probability of successful transit is sensitive to the mine and NOMBO (NOn-mine Mine-like Bottom Object) density. The probability of successful transit can be increased if the density of mine-like objects is decreased. Some suggestions on mine avoidance tactics are made from the results obtained to show the limitations and effectiveness of the MAS with regards to the open waters, narrow channels, ports and harbors.

by Tong Kwok Kan. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 59). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Gateways to the Pearl River Delta --- p.3 / Open Door Policy --- p.5 / Export --- p.5 / Entrepot Role of Hong Kong --- p.7 / Performance of Our Seaport................................................................................................. --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter II. --- INTEREST OF STUDY AND OBJECTIVES --- p.12 / Chapter ChapterIII. --- COMPANY BACKGROUNDS OF REGALTRONIC AND GENALEX --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- OPERATIONS --- p.17 / Export Logistics Process --- p.21 / Track and Trace Capability --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter V. --- DISCUSSION --- p.42 / Why FOB is Popular in Export Sales Contract --- p.42 / Who Determines the FOB Port --- p.45 / APPENDIX A --- p.49 / APPENDIX B --- p.54 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.59

Wong, Pang Hing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / TABLE OF CONTENTS / LIST OF FIGURES / LIST OF TABLES / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Justification --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Significance --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- REGIONAL COOPERATION AND PORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE GPRD / Chapter 2.1 --- Regional Cooperation in the GPRD --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Overview --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Different Actors on Regional Cooperation in the GPRD --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Port Development under Regional Cooperation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Global Trend of Port Development --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Forces Affecting Port Competition and Cooperation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Regional Development and Hong Kong Port --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Role of Hong Kong's Port --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Relationship with Other Ports in the GPRD --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Future Strategy of Hong Kong's Port --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Methodology --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Integrated Approach --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- SWOT Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conceptual Framework --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- Research Design --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Case Study --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Data Collection --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Semi-structured In-depth Interview --- p.31 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- PORT DEVELOPMENT IN PEARL RIVER DELTA: HONG KONG PORT AND SHENZHEN PORT / Chapter 4.1 --- An Overview of Greater Pearl River Delta --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- An Overview of the Development of the Container Ports in the GPRD Region --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Functions and Positioning of Ports in the GPRD --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2 --- Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Ports --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Development of Hong Kong Port --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Development of Shenzhen Ports --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Changing Position of Hong Kong Port with the Impact of Shenzhen Ports --- p.49 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- CURRENT SITUATION OF HONG KONG PORT / Chapter 5.1 --- SWOT Analysis of the Hong Kong Port --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Strengths --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Weaknesses --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Opportunities --- p.63 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Threats --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Comparative Advantages of the Shenzhen Ports --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.75 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- COOPERATION BETWEEN HONG KONG PORT AND SHENZHEN PORTS / Chapter 6.1 --- The Relationship between Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Ports --- p.76 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Competition --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Cooperation --- p.78 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Partnership between Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Ports- --- p.79 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Limitation on the Current Cooperation --- p.82 / Chapter 6.2 --- Potential of Further Cooperation between Hong Kong Port and Shenzhen Ports --- p.83 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Market Changes: Shifting of Industries from Eastern PRD to Western PRD --- p.84 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Complementary of the Other's Weaknesses --- p.86 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Environmental Conservation --- p.88 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Over-competition: Duplicated Infrastructure --- p.89 / Chapter 6.3 --- Obstacles on Further Cooperation --- p.91 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Different Expectation between Provincial Government and Local Governments --- p.91 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Different Expectation between Government and the Port Industry --- p.92 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Market Force --- p.93 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Extent of Government Involvement --- p.95 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- Different Background between Two Cities --- p.96 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.97 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2 --- Major Findings --- p.99 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- The Strength and Weakness of Hong Kong Port --- p.99 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- The Changing Status of Hong Kong Port in Facing the Competition from Shenzhen Ports --- p.101 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Possible Directions of Strengthening Regional Cooperation --- p.103 / Chapter 7.3 --- Further Research --- p.105 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.106 / APPENDIXES / Chapter Appendix One --- Questions to Interviewees (in English) --- p.115 / Chapter Appendix Two --- List of Interviewees --- p.117

The seismic performance of port structures has been well documented following recent earthquakes, and indicates that port structures are highly susceptible to earthquake-induced damages. These damages are primarily due to soil liquefaction and the associated ground failures. Sheet pile bulkheads provide vital intermodal and lifeline transportation links between water-side and land-side traffic, and are waterfront structures particularly vulnerable to liquefaction-induced damages. Due to the prevalence of liquefaction-induced damages, many ports are utilizing soil improvement techniques to mitigate these hazards. Many port authorities have proposed utilizing performance-based design criteria to limit potential earthquake-induced damages. The current design method for sheet pile walls (Mononobe-Okabe) is based on simple, limit equilibrium analysis techniques, which are poorly suited for performance-based design. Recent advancements in the seismic design of sheet pile walls have addressed some of the limitations of the current design methods, but are still inadequate for performing a complete, performance-based design for locations that contain potentially liquefiable soils and/or where soil improvement strategies have been instituted. This study has focused on conducting an empirical investigation and numerical modeling to determine the seismic performance of sheet pile walls, and the performancebased benefit of soil improvement through densification. A case history validated, nonlinear effective stress computer program was used to perform numerical parametric studies on various design parameters (earthquake properties, depth of sheet pile embedment, sheet pile wall stiffness, tie rod length, density of the backfill, and extent of soil densification). The results have been presented as a performance-based design method, and include a design chart that provides practitioners with a preliminary design tool that may be used to estimate the seismic deformations of sheet pile walls with or without soil improvement. The study has demonstrated that soil densification can greatly reduce the seismicallyinduced deformations, especially when the magnitude of soil improvement extends beyond the location of the anchor. The study has also demonstrated that the use of soil densification techniques for mitigating seismic hazards may not be adequate in limiting deformations to allowable limits, and that other methods of soil improvement (cementation, drainage, etc.) or structural improvements may also be required. / Graduation date: 1998

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997. / Thesis Advisor(s): Murali Tummala. "September 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Global Affairs." Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).

Thesis (Ph.D.) in Civil Engineering--University of Maine, 2002. / Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves 118-126.