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Background: Managers can utilize tools such as Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employer branding to manage the relationship between employees and the organization. CSR is a tool that can be used to make the organization look better. Companies can utilize employer branding to market themselves towards its current and new employees in a harmful industry. The fashion retail industry can be seen as a harmful industry, as the industry causes harm to the environment, society and people. The existing literature looks at how customers think about these issues, however not much is said about employees' thoughts who are working for these harmful organizations. The employees are the ones who in stores meet the critique from customers, instead of the organizations who make these harmful decisions. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the significance of CSR in a harmful industry and its influence on the relationship between employees and the organization. Employees can be influenced by different factors both internal and external concerning their organization’s CSR practices, which can affect how they view their organization as an employer. Therefore, this study will try to explore the relation between the organization and the employees to see how working in a harmful industry has an impact on the relationship. Method: The thesis conducts a qualitative and exploratory method, this was done through an abductive research approach. Furthermore, 10 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants being interviewed. To analyze the ten interviews a thematic analysis was utilized as a guide. Conclusion: Employer and employee relationship does not seem to be disturbed by the questionable external CSR practices or a harmful industry in general. CSR is significant to employees, but when it comes to their own organization it does not matter since they are given values such as salary and employment. Organizations create benefits, value and engagement for employees by using employer branding and internal CSR, thus the organizations market themselves to the employees, meanwhile manage the relationship through skills development, empowerment, employment stability and work-life balance.

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The occurrence of phytoplankton taxa, with special focus on harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa, was monitored for one year off the central coast of California to examine both their co-occurrence and physical and chemical variables influencing their temporal patterns. Bi-weekly samples were taken from October 6, 2008 to October 5, 2009 in San Luis Obispo Bay, CA. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of weekly samples indicated that 46.1% of the variability in species abundance was explained by the variables in the model, higher than previous reports. Cluster analysis divided phytoplankton communities into HAB and non-HAB groups of species, while shared distribution analysis identified specific co-occurring species of HABs. The HAB dinoflagellate group consisted exclusively of HAB taxa, including Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef, Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann, and Alexandrium spp., and was correlated with a homogeneous water column and high nitrate concentration during the fall and winter seasons. The domoic acid producing diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia seriata (Cleve) H. Peragallo complex and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (Cleve) Heiden complex grouped with several other non-HAB diatoms, and were correlated with warm, thermally stratified waters of the summer season. These results contradict the classic diatom / dinoflagellate succession theory and suggest that event-scale processes influencing water column stability within seasons may influence the distribution of HAB species in near shore upwelling dominated regions.

We analyzed chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations in shallow, turbid Utah Lake using Landsat data from 1984 to 2021. Utah Lake is ~40 km by 21 km, has a surface area of ~390 km2, an average depth of ~3 m, and loses ~50% of inflow to evaporation. This limits spatial mixing, allowing us to evaluate impacts to smaller lake regions. We evaluated long-term trends at the pixel level and for areas related to boundary conditions. We created 17 study areas based on differences in shoreline development and nutrient inflows. We expected impacted areas to exhibit increasing chl-a trends, as population growth and development in the Utah Lake watershed have been significant. We used the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to evaluate trends. The majority of the lake exhibited decreasing trends, with a few pixels in Provo and Goshen Bays exhibiting slight increasing or no trends. We estimated trend magnitudes using Sen's slope and fitted linear regression models. Trend magnitudes in all pixels (and regions), both decreasing and increasing, were small; with the largest decreasing and increasing trends being about -0.05 and -0.005 µg/L/year, and about 0.1 and 0.005 µg/L/year for the Sen's slope and linear regression slope, respectively. Over the ~40 year-period, this would result in average decreases of 2 to 0.2 µg/L or increases of 4 and 0.2 µg/L. All the areas exhibited decreasing trends, but the monthly trends in some areas exhibited no trends rather than decreasing trends. Monthly trends for some areas showed some indications that algal blooms are occurring earlier, though evidence is inconclusive. We found essentially no change in algal concentrations in Utah Lake at either the pixel level or for the analysis regions since the 1980's, despite significant population expansion, increased nutrient inflows, and land-use changes. This result matches prior research and supports the hypothesis that algal growth in Utah Lake is not limited by direct nutrient inflows but limited by other factors.

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yes / Alcohol treatment requirements (ATRs) were introduced under section 212 of the criminal justice act (2003) and offers treatment for those whose offending behaviour has been found to be linked to either hazardous or harmful drinking patterns. This current report aims to provide information around the characteristics of individuals who have participated in the ATR. The report is based on quantitative data collected from probation records and treatment files and is part of a wider study of the ATR in Wakefield. The impact of this treatment approach, based on 'coercion' is explored and this report presents outcome data in relation to offenders' participation, retention and rehabilitation. / NHS Wakefield District

Clay-based compounds are globally the most advanced and widely used method of direct suppression of marine harmful algal blooms, and are currently undergoing investigation as an option to control Karenia brevis blooms in Florida. Before clay may be accepted for widespread use, there are multiple concerns and challenges that must be addressed regarding the environmental safety of this method, such as effects on water quality, the fate of toxins, and potential impacts of clay treatment to non-target organisms. To contribute to ongoing assessments of clay as a potential control method for K. brevis blooms, we conducted experiments with a formulation of kaolinite clay modified with polyaluminum chloride known as Modified Clay II (MC II). In these experiments, we evaluated water chemistry dynamics and physiological responses in several bottom-dwelling marine species with ecological and economic significance, including blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus), and hard clam (Mercenaria campechiensis). First, we conducted an experiment with blue crabs in 20 L aquarium tanks (N = 48), exposing the animals to cultured K. brevis (1 x 106 cells L-1) and MC II (0.5 g L-1) and measuring mortality and reflexes over 192 hours. In our second experiment, K. brevis (1x106 cells L-1) and MC II (0.2 g L-1) were applied to 1,400 L mesocosms (N = 9) containing blue crabs, sea urchins, and hard clams, which were observed over 96 hours. In our final experiment, we modified the methods of the previous experiment to again examine K. brevis (1x106 cells L-1) and MC II (0.2 g L-1) with the same model species in 1,400 L mesocosms (N = 12) over 72 hours. In these two mesocosm experiments, we observed cell and toxin removal, changes in water quality characteristics including nutrients and carbonate chemistry, and measured mortality, respiration rate, reflexes, and internal toxin content. Our results were congruent across our three experiments. Treatment with MC II significantly reduced cell concentrations but did not reduce toxin concentrations in the water column. We found no notable impacts of clay treatment to reflexes, respiration rates, or internal toxin content for either of our three species. No significant differences in mortality were found for our three species, excluding crabs in the first mesocosm study, which were found to have pre-existing infections that confounded our results. Analyses of nutrients indicates MC II may remove dissolved phosphorus from the water column, and the potential to improve water quality which may make this formulation of clay desirable to managers. Overall, treatment with this formulation of clay did not appear to induce any significant measured effects on the model species within the observed time frames of these experiments. Clay appears to be a promising option to treat K. brevis blooms given its low cost, ease of application, and negligible impacts to the environment, and its use may relieve the damaging effects of K. brevis blooms by preventing mortalities that would otherwise occur were blooms allowed to persist. We therefore recommend that clays, including MC II, be considered for additional laboratory and field tests, with the goal of obtaining further information on potential ecological impacts so that managers and researchers can make informed decisions on the use of bloom control technologies in Florida waters.