No description available.

Biogas production from energy crops grown on arable land often competes with food and feed production. Wetland plants offer an alternative source of biomass as well as offering a number of environmental benefits such as nutrient removal from wastewaters, carbon sequestration and reducing the use of mineral fertilizer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of harvest time on biogas production of Phragmites australis and Glyceria maxima and to perform a cost-benefit analysis of using these wetland plants as a substrate for biogas production. The results of the batch experiment show that the overall biogas production and specific methane yields of biomass harvested in June was higher than biomass harvested in September due the increased lignocellulosic nature of the more mature September plant. The cost-benefit showed that in Sweden it is not currently profitable to solely use wetland plants for biogas production. For both species the highest costs were seen in the June harvested biomass, this was due to the much higher fresh weight and increased transportation costs. For both species the highest revenues generated were the June harvested biomass, this was due to the higher specific methane yields. It was found that the harvest time that was closest to profitability from both species was the June harvest for Phragmites australis. Although the costs were higher for harvesting in June, this was outweighed by the higher amount of electricity produced for this scenario. If transportation distance was to be increased it could result in September being the favourable harvest time. Therefore, individual circumstances of the farmers could decide which is the optimal harvest time. Although solely using wetland plants for biogas production is not currently profitable, co-digestion and pre-treatment are options to investigate that could change this. Also if a greater financial value is put on the socioeconomic benefits such as increased biodiversity, aesthetic value and global warming mitigation it may be financially viable in the future.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2016-11-18T14:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanneMPR_DISSERT.pdf: 4610718 bytes, checksum: ca7ebb85bd1595434465cfc2cc6c6bca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T14:38:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanneMPR_DISSERT.pdf: 4610718 bytes, checksum: ca7ebb85bd1595434465cfc2cc6c6bca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-21T15:04:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanneMPR_DISSERT.pdf: 4610718 bytes, checksum: ca7ebb85bd1595434465cfc2cc6c6bca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T15:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayanneMPR_DISSERT.pdf: 4610718 bytes, checksum: ca7ebb85bd1595434465cfc2cc6c6bca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sesame is considered the oldest oilseed in use by mankind. It is a culture of high complexity Morphophysiological with great variability in growth habit. Knowledge about factors involved in the growth and nutrition of plants allows producers proper planning of culture, contributing to a more efficient use of production area aiming to increase productivity becoming the study of the growth and accumulation of nutrients in the ground sesame seeds, but they are still few studies in the Northeast with culture. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in sesame cultivars during their development. Two experiments were performed in Horta Didactics at UFERSA Mossoro-RN, from November 2014 to February 2015 and from April to July 2015. The experimental delineation in each experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a split plot where each experimental plot was represented by sesame cultivars: CNPA G2, CNPA G3 and CNPA G4 and the subplots consisted of the collection times, the first being conducted 21 days after sowing and the following at intervals of 14 days (35, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 105 DAS). The growth analysis characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter accumulation in leaves, stems, fruits and plant, leaf area index, duration of leaf area, leaf area ratio, rate absolute growth, growth rate cultivation, thousand seed weight, number of fruits per plant and grain yield. In relation to the accumulation of chemical analysis were: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The homogeneity of the variances was made for all variables, except for dry weight of the leaf, making it possible to carry out a joint analysis of the experiments. Independent of the cultivation period, sesame plants presented slow growth until 35 DAS, and for the time I growth intensified up to 91 DAS and for the time II until 77 DAS, where the CNPA G4 revealed higher response regarding the cultivars in two harvest time. The total accumulation of nutrients to the cycle of the final followed the decreasing order of N> K> P in the two growing seasons, where period of increased demand for nutrients occurred between 77 and 105 DAS. In relation to the cultivars, the CNPA G3 had higher accumulations at the time I, while the CNPA G4 at the time II / O gergelim é considerado a oleaginosa mais antiga em utilização pela humanidade. É uma cultura de elevada complexidade morfofisiológica, com grande variabilidade no hábito de crescimento. O conhecimento sobre os fatores envolvidos no crescimento e nutrição de plantas permite aos produtores o planejamento adequado da cultura, contribuindo para uma maior eficiência na utilização da área de produção visando à maior produtividade, tornando-se o estudo do crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes no gergelim fundamental, porém ainda são escassos os estudos na região Nordeste com a cultura. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes em cultivares de gergelim durante seu desenvolvimento. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Horta Didática da UFERSA em Mossoró-RN, no período de novembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 e de abril a julho de 2015. O delineamento experimental em cada experimento foi em blocos casualizados completos, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, onde as parcelas foram representadas pelas cultivares de gergelim: CNPA G2, CNPA G3 e CNPA G4 e as subparcelas consistiram das épocas de coletas, sendo a primeira realizada 21 dias após a semeadura e as seguintes em intervalos de 14 dias (35, 49, 63, 77, 91 e 105 DAS). As características de análise de crescimento avaliadas foram: altura média de plantas, diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, acúmulo de massa seca nas folhas, caule, frutos e planta, índice de área foliar, duração da área foliar, razão da área foliar, taxa de crescimento absoluto, taxa de crescimento de cultivo, peso de mil sementes, número de frutos por planta e rendimento de grãos. Com relação às análises químicas de acúmulo foram: nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. A homogeneidade das variâncias foi aceita para todas as variáveis, exceto para massa seca da folha, possibilitando a realização de uma análise conjunta dos experimentos. Independentes da época de cultivo, as plantas de gergelim apresentaram crescimento lento até os 35 DAS, sendo que para a época I o crescimento intensificou-se até 91 DAS e para a época II até 77 DAS, onde a cultivar CNPA G4 mostrou resposta superior em relação às cultivares estudadas nas duas épocas de cultivo. O acúmulo total de nutrientes ao final do ciclo obedeceu a ordem decrescente de N > K > P nas duas épocas de cultivo, onde período de maior demanda de nutrientes ocorreu entre 77 e 105 DAS. Em relação as cultivares, a CNPA G3 obteve maiores acúmulos na época I, enquanto que a CNPA G4 na época II / 2016-11-18

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as caracterÃsticas agronÃmicas e tecnolÃgicas do sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produzido no semiÃrido em funÃÃo da maturaÃÃo fisiolÃgica e adubaÃÃo silicatada. Para isso, realizou-se experimento em campo no municÃpio de Pentecoste â CE, com trÃs genÃtipos (BRS 506, BRS 511 e hÃbrido 7C30) sob diferentes doses de silicato de potÃssio via foliar (0; 500; 1000 e 1500 mL. ha-1) e diferentes Ãpocas de colheita, tanto para o corte do colmo (90, 97, 104 e 111 dias apÃs o plantio) quanto para a colheita de sementes (30, 37, 47 e 51 dias apÃs a plena floraÃÃo). Avaliou-se a produÃÃo de fitomassa fresca e seca (folhas, panÃculas e colmos), o rendimento e caracterÃsticas bioquÃmicas do caldo e a qualidade e produÃÃo de sementes. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao estudo estatÃstico com testes de normalidade e homogeneidade, teste nÃo paramÃtrico de Kruskal-Wallis para dados nÃo normais, anÃlise de variÃncia (ANAVA), teste de comparaÃÃo de mÃdia (Tukey) e regressÃo polinomial para dados normais ou normalizados (sistema Box Cox). Os valores mÃdios de produtividade (fitomassa total) alcanÃados foram de 58,6; 64,9 e 24,5 t.ha-1 para BRS 506, BRS 511 e hÃbrido 7C30, respectivamente, no ano de 2014. Jà em 2015 houve decrÃscimo de produÃÃo de 8,5% para a BRS 506 e 21,2% para a BRS 511, mas permanecendo em nÃveis satisfatÃrios. No ano de 2014, as cultivares BRS alcanÃaram rendimento na ordem de 20 e 22 mil L ha-1 de caldo, enquanto o hÃbrido atingiu apenas 4 mil L ha-1, nÃo estando apto para produÃÃo de etanol. O caldo das cultivares BRS apresentou elevado padrÃo de qualidade, com 16 a 18 Âbrix, sendo que a BRS 511 se destacou positivamente apresentando 157 g L-1 de carboidratos totais aos 111 dias apÃs semeadura. Em 2015 as duas cultivares BRS mantiveram alta qualidade de caldo com acrÃscimo de carboidratos totais (165 a 167 g L-1). No ciclo de 2015 houve efeito do adubo silÃcio para o acÃmulo de matÃria seca e para a qualidade do caldo aumentando os teores de carboidratos totais. As sementes das cultivares BRS 506 e BRS 511 apresentaram Ãtimas condiÃÃes fisiolÃgicas (90% de germinaÃÃo), atingindo o mÃximo potencial de vigor aos 49 a 53 dias apÃs a plena floraÃÃo. As cultivares estudadas BRS 506 e BRS 511 sÃo recomendadas para a regiÃo semiÃrida apresentando elevada produÃÃo de biomassa e alto padrÃo de qualidade de caldo quando o corte à realizado aos 111 dias apÃs o plantio. Ambas cultivares BRS apresentam alto potencial para a produÃÃo de sementes com maturaÃÃo fisiolÃgica aos 110 e 113 dias apÃs o plantio para as cultivares BRS 511 e BRS 506, respectivamente. Finalmente, entre 1100 e 1400 mL ha-1 de silicato de potÃssio à o intervalo de doses indicadas para o manejo de sorgo sacarino no semiÃrido. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and technological characteristics of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produced in semiarid as a function the physiological maturity and Silicon fertilization. Was conducted a field experiment in the city of Pentecost - CE with three genotypes (BRS 506, BRS 511 and hybrid 7C30), potassium silicate dosages (0,. 500; 1000 and 1500 mL ha-1) and harvest times, both the stalk cut (90, 97, 104 and 111 days after planting) and for seed harvest (30, 37, 47 and 51 days after full bloom). Was accomplished the production of fresh and dry weight (leaves, stems and panicles), Yield and biochemistry analysis of stalk juice and seed quality. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, normality and homogeneity tests, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normal data, analysis of variance (ANAVA), mean comparison test (Tukey) and polynomial regression to normal or normalized data (Box-Cox system). Average productivity values (total biomass) were 58.6; 64.9 and 24.5 t ha-1 for BRS 506, BRS 511, and hybrid 7C30, respectively, in 2014. In 2015 there was 8.5% decrease for BRS 506 production and 21.2% for BRS 511, but remained at satisfactory levels. In 2014, the varieties achieved yields juice in the order of 20 000 and 22 000 L ha-1, while the hybrid reached only 4000 L ha-1, not being able to ethanol production. The varieties stalks juice showed high standard of biochemical quality 16-18 Âbrix, wherein the BRS 511 showed 157 g L-1 total carbohydrates to 111 days after sowing. In 2015 cultivars maintained high quality stalk juice with total carbohydrates increase (165-167 g L-1). In the 2015 cycle there was effect of silicon fertilizer for the accumulation of dry matter and quality of the stalk juice, increasing the total carbohydrates. The varieties seeds (BRS 506 and BRS 511) showed great physiological conditions (90% germination), reaching the maximum potential vigor after 49 to 53 days after full bloom. The varieties studied (BRS 506 and BRS 511) are recommended for the semiarid region presenting high biomass production and quality stalk juice at 111 days after sowing. Both varieties have a high potential to seeds production with physiological maturity at 113 and 110 days after sowing the varieties BRS 506 and BRS 511, respectively. Finally, 1100 and 1400 ml ha-1 is indicated dosege for the management of sweet sorghum in the semiarid.