I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold transports (n=89) revealed a slightly elevated bulk MO₂ that was comparable to routine bulk MO₂ measured in adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar held in large tanks and also to resting MO₂ of individual Pacific salmonids measured in swim-respirometers. These results indicate a low level of stress, and suggest that open-hold live-haul transport aboard the Sterling Carrier does not compromise fish welfare. While closed-hold transport protects fish from poor environments, water quality conditions progressively deteriorate as respiratory CO₂ accumulates in the water. I measured water CO₂ and pH changes during closed-hold transport experiments and used these data to model CO₂ and pH changes over a wide range of transport conditions. Model outputs demonstrated that the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pco₂) could accumulate to potentially deleterious levels (>10 torr) in 20-158 min depending on fish stress levels and loading densities. These data may be useful in estimating transport lengths possible under Pco₂ thresholds, which are presently lacking for live-haul transport. The effects of 3-h and 24-h exposures to elevated water Pco₂ (hypercarbia) on blood pH and post-mortem flesh quality were also measured in adult Atlantic salmon. While elevated water Pco₂ disturbed blood pH as predicted, there were minimal effects on flesh quality based on rigor mortis and flesh pH assessments, which were further reduced if fish were allowed to recover for 24-h after a hypercarbic exposure. This study provides novel insights into a) current techniques of assessing fish welfare during live-haul transport, b) limitations associated with transporting fish under re-circulating conditions, and c) effects of elevated Pco₂ on flesh quality indicators in adult Atlantic salmon.

I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold transports (n=89) revealed a slightly elevated bulk MO₂ that was comparable to routine bulk MO₂ measured in adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar held in large tanks and also to resting MO₂ of individual Pacific salmonids measured in swim-respirometers. These results indicate a low level of stress, and suggest that open-hold live-haul transport aboard the Sterling Carrier does not compromise fish welfare. While closed-hold transport protects fish from poor environments, water quality conditions progressively deteriorate as respiratory CO₂ accumulates in the water. I measured water CO₂ and pH changes during closed-hold transport experiments and used these data to model CO₂ and pH changes over a wide range of transport conditions. Model outputs demonstrated that the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pco₂) could accumulate to potentially deleterious levels (>10 torr) in 20-158 min depending on fish stress levels and loading densities. These data may be useful in estimating transport lengths possible under Pco₂ thresholds, which are presently lacking for live-haul transport. The effects of 3-h and 24-h exposures to elevated water Pco₂ (hypercarbia) on blood pH and post-mortem flesh quality were also measured in adult Atlantic salmon. While elevated water Pco₂ disturbed blood pH as predicted, there were minimal effects on flesh quality based on rigor mortis and flesh pH assessments, which were further reduced if fish were allowed to recover for 24-h after a hypercarbic exposure. This study provides novel insights into a) current techniques of assessing fish welfare during live-haul transport, b) limitations associated with transporting fish under re-circulating conditions, and c) effects of elevated Pco₂ on flesh quality indicators in adult Atlantic salmon.

I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold transports (n=89) revealed a slightly elevated bulk MO₂ that was comparable to routine bulk MO₂ measured in adult Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar held in large tanks and also to resting MO₂ of individual Pacific salmonids measured in swim-respirometers. These results indicate a low level of stress, and suggest that open-hold live-haul transport aboard the Sterling Carrier does not compromise fish welfare. While closed-hold transport protects fish from poor environments, water quality conditions progressively deteriorate as respiratory CO₂ accumulates in the water. I measured water CO₂ and pH changes during closed-hold transport experiments and used these data to model CO₂ and pH changes over a wide range of transport conditions. Model outputs demonstrated that the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pco₂) could accumulate to potentially deleterious levels (>10 torr) in 20-158 min depending on fish stress levels and loading densities. These data may be useful in estimating transport lengths possible under Pco₂ thresholds, which are presently lacking for live-haul transport. The effects of 3-h and 24-h exposures to elevated water Pco₂ (hypercarbia) on blood pH and post-mortem flesh quality were also measured in adult Atlantic salmon. While elevated water Pco₂ disturbed blood pH as predicted, there were minimal effects on flesh quality based on rigor mortis and flesh pH assessments, which were further reduced if fish were allowed to recover for 24-h after a hypercarbic exposure. This study provides novel insights into a) current techniques of assessing fish welfare during live-haul transport, b) limitations associated with transporting fish under re-circulating conditions, and c) effects of elevated Pco₂ on flesh quality indicators in adult Atlantic salmon. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The marketing literature deals inadequately with markets which show characteristics of both consumer and industrial markets. In this work such markets are called hybrid markets. The research attempts to find an appropriate research approach for the short haul business related air travel market, which has hybrid market characteristics. Recent studies of the business travel market (Stephenson and Fox, 1987, Toh and Hu. 1988 and 1990) have investigated corporate and traveller attitude towards frequent flier programmes (see Glossary). However, as yet the airline marketing literature has not investigated the role the purchasing organisation (the employer of the traveller) has to play in a decision to purchase business related air travel. Market segmentation is selected as a suitable tool to investigate the business travel market. However, a review of the literature on segmentation for both consumer and industrial products reveals that an approach suited to the characteristics of this market is not available. Consequently a two stage research approach for hybrid markets is developed. A case study of nine companies in the first stage of the research is used to develop an understanding of corporate involvement in the purchase of business air travel, and identifies three key stakeholder groups in the purchase. They are the traveller, the travel organiser, and the 'organisation'. The second stage of the research collects data on the stakeholders. Traveller data on the importance of product elements in the purchase are used in a benefit segmentation of the market. The attitude data from 827 business travellers is analysed by factor analysis to identify six principal purchase benefits. These six benefits account for 60.6% of the variance in the data. Six factor scores for each respondent are calculated and then investigated by ak means iterative partitioning cluster analysis. A robust three cluster solution is discovered; i. e. three benefit segments are present in the short haul business travel market, based on traveller attitude. Cross-validation tests are carried out to test the stability of this solution. The three segments are investigated to evaluate the influence in the purchase decision of other organisational stakeholders. Differences between segments are found in the travel policy of the employing organisation, class of travel allowed to travellers, and purchase behaviour. The research indicates that for hybrid markets such as business travel, the role of the employing organisation may be important in purchase decisions. Consequently, it is recommended that future reserach should assess corporate involvement in purchases of products that have both consumer and industrial elements. The evaluation of the influences of various stakeholder groups in purchase decisions in hybrid markets may reveal previously overlooked marketing opportunities.

Submitted by REINALDO MORAES DA SILVA null (rmsagronomia@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T13:20:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO entregue pós- REINALDO MORAES DA SILVA (1).pdf: 1848780 bytes, checksum: 2319c00cfa62ed2f624eb78b771092c2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-10T18:05:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rm_me_ilha.pdf: 1848780 bytes, checksum: 2319c00cfa62ed2f624eb78b771092c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T18:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rm_me_ilha.pdf: 1848780 bytes, checksum: 2319c00cfa62ed2f624eb78b771092c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-05 / A cultura do girassol é mais uma opção viável para o sistema de integração lavoura pecuária, por apresentar características que favorece o consórcio com forrageiras. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar espaçamentos entre linha e taxas de semeadura de Urochloa ruziziensis, milheto e sorgo forrageiro em consórcio com girassol safrinha em sucessão a cultura da soja. Foram conduzidos três experimentos distintos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x6, com dois espaçamentos entre linhas (0,50 m e 1,0 m) e seis taxas de semeadura a lanço e sem incorporação, sendo para U. ruziziensis (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 pontos de valor cultural - pvc ha-1), milheto e sorgo, sendo (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%) da quantidade recomendada de sementes em kg ha-1 para formação com quatro repetições. A cultura do girassol não foi influenciada pelo sistema de integração lavoura pecuária, porem foi influenciado pelos espaçamentos entre linha. A produção de massa seca e população plantas de U. ruziziensis, milheto e sorgo forrageiro foram influenciados pelas diferentes taxas de semeadura, obtendo maiores valores com a taxa de semeadura de 1000 pvc ha-1 para U. ruziziensis e 100% da taxa recomendada para milheto e sorgo forrageiro. / The sunflower crop is more a viable option to integrate the system of crop livestock integration, by presenting characteristics that favor the consortium with forage. The aim with this research to evaluate spaces between line and seeding rates of Urochloa ruziziensis, millet and sorghum forage in consortium with sunflower crops in succession the soybean culture. Three separate experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 2 x 6, with two spaces between lines (0.50 m and 1.0 m) and six to haul and seeding rates without incorporation, being for U. ruziziensis (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 points of cultural value - pcv ha-1), millet and sorghum, being (0% 20 %, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of the recommended amount of seed in kg ha-1 for training with four repetitions. The sunflower crop did not suffer the influence of crop livestock integration system, only the spacing between line. The dry matter production and plant population of U. ruziziensis, millet and sorghum forage were influenced by different sowing rates, obtaining higher values with the seeding rate of 1000 pcv ha-1 for U. ruziziensis. and 100% rate recommended for millet and sorghum forage.

A persistent truck driver shortage and high driver turnover at common carriers limit the effectiveness of some U.S. supply chains. Most driver vacancies result from job hopping, especially among younger drivers. A multiple case study was conducted to explore strategies that some leaders of U.S. common carriers have used to retain millennial-age long-haul truck drivers. Data sources consisted of semistructured, in-person and phone/videoconference interviews; participant observations; and company documents. The sample population was 9 leaders from 6 different common carriers with operations in the southwestern region of the United States who successfully retained millennial long-haul drivers. The conceptual framework was person-organization fit theory. Data were compiled and organized, disassembled into fragments, reassembled into a sequence of groups, and interpreted for meaning. Methodological triangulation and member checking were used to validate the trustworthiness of those interpretations. Five major themes emerged from data analysis: strategic recruiting, competitive compensation, limiting driver time away from home, facilitating driver comfort while away from home, and demonstrating a company culture of driver appreciation. Potentially, carrier leaders can use the lessons learned from this research to reduce driver turnover rates and operating costs and to improve freight reliability for U.S. supply chains. The implications for positive social change include the potential to lower freight costs to shippers and consumers, improve job satisfaction for long-haul drivers, and improve highway safety for truck drivers and motorists.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas / Actualmente existen importantes desafíos en minería, no solo por las cifras de inversión estimadas, sino también por necesidad de incorporar nuevas tecnologías, generadas en base a los desafíos planteados por el aumento de costos. Los principales nuevos desafíos son derivados de las características de la roca primaria, la baja en la ley de mineral, los requerimientos de sustentabilidad y la mayor preocupación por mejorar los estándares de seguridad y salud ocupacional de los operadores. Para el futuro se requieren procesos altamente automatizados, equipamientos autónomos y operaciones telecomandadas, gestionadas fuera de las minas en busca de la continuidad operacional. Tratar de mantener los costos bajos y mejorar la productividad es el gran desafío que presenta la Minería Subterránea. En esta tesis se analizará el estado del arte de la tecnología de equipos LHD semiautónomos, sus limitaciones, las lecciones aprendidas, así como los sistemas y metodologías de navegación existentes asociados con el automatizado subterráneo en la carga, transporte y descarga, además de los resultados obtenidos en la División el Teniente. La implementación de esta tecnología en División el Teniente nació como solución a los problemas de seguridad y calidad de vida de los trabajadores, así como también para contar con un equipo robusto capaz de enfrentar las exigencias que demanda el mineral primario a ser extraído, una de las ventajas que se espera obtener como resultado, es un mayor tiempo de operación en comparación con los equipos manuales. El análisis se basará en la utilización de equipos LHD (cargadores de bajo perfil para la tarea de extracción de mineral, que consiste en cargar, transportar y descargar la roca mineralizada), los cuales cuentan con la tecnología que les permite operar en una condición semi-automática, es decir sin operador a bordo, controlados a distancia por operadores ubicados al exterior de la mina en una la sala de control distante kilómetros del área productiva. La tecnología ha demostrado ser factible de aplicar, sin embargo, se han detectado brechas en el desempeño y funcionalidades respecto de los requerimientos planteados para la División El Teniente en su Proyecto Estructural Nuevo Nivel Mina, por lo cual se requiere incorporar nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos a través de un programa de innovaciones incrementales de la tecnología de automatización de LHD, bajo un Modelo de Negocio ad-hoc y efectuar un cambio significativo de las estrategias y tácticas operacionales, mantenimiento, planificación, control centralizado, diseños mineros, entre las más relevantes, para así optimizar y capturar el mayor valor del uso de los equipos LHD semi-autónomos. El gran desafío que hoy nos impone la minería, de expandir la capacidad de producción para satisfacer las futuras demandas de los minerales, está requiriendo con urgencia de un mayor desarrollo y apoyo de las tecnologías de automatización en la minería. La dimensión de los proyectos permite generar cambios tecnológicos en pos de encontrar herramientas y sistemas que garanticen en mayor medida la calidad, eficiencia y control de las operaciones mineras. Es ahí donde está el desafío: identificar, adaptar, prepararse e implementar estas tecnologías.

Long-haul optical fiber communication system is an important technology to support the latest broadband communication in the world, and there is strong competition in optical long-haul transmission to achieve high channel bit rates and large transmission capacity. Therefore, it is important to study a technology to improve the performance of such system. As we have already known, return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) is an attractive solution to improve the long distance transmission system performance compared to the conventional on-off keying (OOK) in a 10-Gb/s system, because it has a high nonlinear tolerance. The dispersion flattened fiber (DFF) is attractive for its ability to improve the system performance. Therefore, it is possible to improve the transmission performance by a combination of the RZ-DPSK and the DFF, and one important technology of the current long-haul optical fiber communication system is the dispersion map. And it is widely deployed for already installed undersea optical fiber communication system in the world. A previous study reported that the blockless type dispersion map showed a superior performance than the block type dispersion map, and some efforts to improve the transmission performance of the block type map were conducted. Fundamental idea to improve the transmission performance of the block type map is to reduce the zero crossing points, and one idea is to shift the map toward the positive or the negative cumulative dispersion to reduce the zero crossing points within the map, but it was not so successful. The other idea is to tilt the dispersion map and it was more successful but not good enough. In this master thesis, I continued the study to improve the long-haul RZ-DPSK system performance using the block type dispersion map. One new idea of the dispersion map shifting, the split shifting, was tried, and another new idea of the dispersion map tilting, the split tilting, was examined. The performance with different repeater output power and different compensation scheme within the dispersion map was simulated by a numerical simulator .The goal is, following previous research, to clarify improved dispersion map design of the long-haul RZ-DPSK based transmission and find the effective method to improve the transmission performance. In addition, I also investigate tolerance of the effective area of the transmission fiber theoretically for the long-haul RZ-DPSK system based on the DFF.

vii, 55 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm Typescript. (Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives) Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 52-56 University of Oregon theses, Dept. of Biology, M.S., 1981

Orientador: Edson Lazarini / Resumo: A cultura do girassol é mais uma opção viável para o sistema de integração lavoura pecuária, por apresentar características que favorece o consórcio com forrageiras. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar espaçamentos entre linha e taxas de semeadura de Urochloa ruziziensis, milheto e sorgo forrageiro em consórcio com girassol safrinha em sucessão a cultura da soja. Foram conduzidos três experimentos distintos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2x6, com dois espaçamentos entre linhas (0,50 m e 1,0 m) e seis taxas de semeadura a lanço e sem incorporação, sendo para U. ruziziensis (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 pontos de valor cultural - pvc ha-1), milheto e sorgo, sendo (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%) da quantidade recomendada de sementes em kg ha-1 para formação com quatro repetições. A cultura do girassol não foi influenciada pelo sistema de integração lavoura pecuária, porem foi influenciado pelos espaçamentos entre linha. A produção de massa seca e população plantas de U. ruziziensis, milheto e sorgo forrageiro foram influenciados pelas diferentes taxas de semeadura, obtendo maiores valores com a taxa de semeadura de 1000 pvc ha-1 para U. ruziziensis e 100% da taxa recomendada para milheto e sorgo forrageiro. / Mestre