Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-78). / viii, 78 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 326-336). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xii, 336 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 311-318). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / vi, [ii], 319 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-85). / vii, 85 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32). / iv, 32 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm

Data on primary productivity, chlorophyll a, nitrate, and phosphate in surface waters were collected on a 14-month (March, 1970 to April, 1971) series of approximately biweekly cruises in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. During the latter part of the survey data ammonium ion concentrations and light penetration through the water column were also collected. The year is divided into two seasons on the basis of rainfall, and the effects on the dynamics of the phytoplankton community of terrestrial runoff and sewage effluents entering the bay are separated on the basis of differences between wet season and dry season productivity indices (productivity/Chl. a). The bay is divided into three sectors; South, Transition, and North. The most important nutrient sources are; the Kaneohe Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant effluent to the South Sector, terrestrial runoff to the Transition Sector, and a persistent, but unidentified nitrate input to the North Sector. The Municipal Treatment Plant effluent is shown to be toxic to phytoplankton in the immediate area. Phosphate concentration is not correlated with rainfall, and is present in non-limiting concentrations in all sectors. Nitrate concentration is strongly correlated with rainfall in the Transition Sector, and low dry season (summer) concentrations may limit phytoplankton growth. Wet season (winter) nitrate concentrations in the other two sectors are also higher than summer values, but the differences are not significant. Fluctuations in phytoplankton population size seem to be primarily a function of variable grazing pressure by herbivorous zooplankton. Phytoplankton growth rates peak in summer and winter, and may be related to the availability of light. Light penetration itself is directly related to phytoplankton density in the water column, and the winter growth rate peak may result from increasing light penetration due to extensive grazing on the phytoplankton population. The present data are compared with similar data collected 10 years earlier. Based on a hyperbolic relationship between substrate concentration and growth rate, the South Sector is shown to have been eutrophic for at least the past decade, while in the Transition and North Sectors symptoms of eutrophication have appeared during this decade. / Typescript. Theses for the degree of Master of Science (University of Hawaii at Manoa)--University of Hawaii, 1973. Bibliography: leaves 87-90.

Primary production at a single station in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii was studied over a six-month period. Vertical profiles of production, plant biomass, light, and temperature were obtained and the data applied to a production model. The diel changes in surface production were measured and used to estimate daily production. Primary production per unit surface area was found to average 1.5 grams carbon per square meter per day and was higher on days with little vertical stratification and with lower incident radiation. Light appeared to limit production below .12 langleys per minute which occurred below about five meters depth. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 39-41.

The purpose of this study is to present the results of mineralogical and petrochemical analyses of the solid phase components and the inorganic chemistry of the interstitial waters of the Recent anoxic sediments of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu. Nineteen shallow 1-4 meter gravity cores of the lagoonal sediments of Kaneohe Bay were analyzed for pore water chemistry and seven were subjected to detailed mineralogical and petrochemical analyses. The pore waters of the sediment column show depletions in dissolved SO =4, Ca++, Mg++ and Sr++ accompanied by increases in titration alkalinity, NH4 + , PO 4 -3 and Si02 with respect to the overlying seawater with increasing subbottom depth. Na+, Cl-, K+ and Fetot exhibit minor departures from overlying bay waters assuming that depletions of Na+ and Cl- are the result of an influx of meteoric ground water from beneath the bay's floor. The bay may be divided into two parts on the basis of the rates of pore water diagenesis: in the southern part of the bay, S0 =4 is completely depleted within 80cm subbottom depth, whereas in the northern part, complete S0 =4 reduction does not occur at depths to 350cm. The southern sediments are contaminated by raw, high C/N sewage, resulting in an increased metabolic reduction rate of S0 =4 by anerobic bacteria over that observed in the unpolluted northern bay. Calculation of S0 =4 consumed versus alkalinity plus NH=4 produced indicates a relationship in which roughly one-half of the "produced alkalinity" has been consumed in the formation of authigenic minerals, primarily nontronite and aragonite. Quantitative mineralogical and petrochemical analyses of the solid phase components reveal the loss of amorphous iron-oxyhydroxides, biogenic opaline silica, and amorphous aluminosilicate with increasing subbottom depth. Pyrite formation occurs immediately below the sedimentwater interface. Scanning Electron Microscope observations show a hierarchy of morphologies with depth: single l-micron crystals to 30- micron diameter framboids. Pyrite formation accounts for the lack of detectable S= within the pore waters and is dependent on the availability of pore water iron derived from the dissolution of amorphous iron-oxyhydroxides. The amount of pyrite present below 40cm subbottom depth exceeds the amount which could be formed by the complete reduction of buried pore water S0=4 suggesting the importance of bioturbation in the mixing of pore and overlying seawaters. Authigenic nontronite and mixed-layer smectite-illite are being formed as the result of the reaction of amorphous aluminosilicate with pore water Si02 from opal dissolution and pore water Fe and/or other cations. In those cores where sufficent dissolved iron exists in the pore water, nontronite forms, whereas when dissolved iron is not present as evidenced by the presence of dissolved S= in the pore water, a mixed-layer smectite-illite is formed. The amount of smectite formed is limited by the amount of opal which dissolves. For Kaneohe Bay sediments an average of 0.12 weight percent authigenic smectite is added annually to the sediment column. Minor amounts of authigenic plagioclase, phillipsite, clinoptilolite, analcime, sepiolite, siderite and apatite are also being formed within the sediments. The relationship between reduced pore water Fe and smectite formation suggests that reverse weathering reactions resulting in either authigenic nontronite or mixed-layer smectite-illite may occur in all anoxic marine sediments rich in terrigeneously-derived, poorly-crystalline "kaolinite" and containing enriched pore water Si02. Assuming that 10 percent of the total flux of the world river sediments delivered to the ocean is deposited in Kaneohe Bay-type environments and that rates of reaction are similar to those observed in Kaneohe Bay, then approximately 6 percent of the CO2 consumed by rock weathering may be returned annually to the atmosphere by these reactions. / Bibliography: leaves 258-281.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-77). / ix, 77 leaves, bound ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) 29 cm