Introdução: Atenção primária à saúde (APS), conforme definida por Starfield, são serviços de saúde que apresentam como principais atributos o acesso de primeiro contato, a longitudinalidade, a integralidade e a coordenação do cuidado, e estão relacionados em diversas pesquisas com efetividade e equidade dos serviços de saúde, assim como redução de hospitalizações por condições sensíveis à APS (CSAPS). Objetivo: Avaliar, através de Revisão sistemática (RS), o impacto dos atributos da APS nas hospitalizações preveníveis e verificar a associação entre internações CSAPS e a qualidade da APS prestada nos serviços públicos de saúde de Porto Alegre / Brasil. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática realizada nas principais bases de dados eletrônicos e estudo de coorte construído através de relacionamento probabilístico entre bases de dados, no período de 2006 a 2011, com adultos maiores de 18 anos de idade, usuários dos serviços públicos de APS. Para a avaliação da APS foi utilizado o “Instrumento de Avaliação da APS” (PCATool – Brasil). A análise dos dados do estudo de coorte foi feita através de regressão de Cox. Resultados: Foram incluídos 36 artigos na RS. A maioria dos resultados mostrou impacto positivo dos atributos essenciais na redução de hospitalizações, principalmente acesso e longitudinalidade. Nenhum estudo avaliando a orientação dos serviços à APS foi encontrado. No estudo longitudinal, dos 1200 indivíduos acompanhados, 84 foram hospitalizados por CSAPS, representando 21,6% das internações totais. As causas principais de internação foram cardiovasculares (40,5%) e respiratórias (16,2%). O escore médio do PCATool foi de 5,3, inferior ao definido como alta qualidade (6,6). Na análise ajustada, permaneceram no modelo as seguintes variáveis: idade (HR: 1,13; p=0,001), escolaridade (HR: 0,66; p=0,02), cor da pele 12 não branca (HR: 1,77; p=0,01) e sedentarismo (HR: 1,65; p=0,04). O escore geral da APS não teve significância estatística (5,42 vs. 5,31, p=0,1). Conclusões: Embora tenham sido verificados resultados positivos na redução das hospitalizações evitáveis entre os trabalhos incluídos na RS, estudos que avaliem a orientação à APS nos serviços de saúde devem ser realizados. Serviços de saúde com qualidade subótima não impactaram nas hospitalizações evitáveis, enquanto que características sociodemográficas, principalmente cor da pele e escolaridade, tiveram papel relevante na manutenção das iniquidades em saúde e no processo de adoecimento individual. Para alcançar o impacto destes atributos da APS sobre as internações por CSAPS, identificados principalmente na literatura internacional, é imprescindível que o governo brasileiro priorize política e financeiramente a qualificação dos serviços de APS. / Introduction: Primary health care, defined for its attributes access, longitudinality, integrality and coordination, has been related with effectiveness and equity of health care services as with reductions on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Objectives: Estimate by systematic review the impact of primary care attributes on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and establish the relation between hospitalizations for this conditions and the quality of public primary care health services in Porto Alegre/Brazil. Methods: Systematic review from the main electronic databases and a cohort study by probabilistic record linkage between databases, done from July 2006 to December 2011, population > 18 years that attend public health services. The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool - Brazil) was utilized for evaluation of primary care services. Cox regression was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty-six articles were included in the systematic review. Studies evaluating orientation of primary care were not found. Most of the studies have shown a favorable impact of the essential attributes of primary care on hospitalizations reduction, especially access and longitudinality. In the cohort study, from de 1200 subjects followed in this period, 84 were hospitalized for primary care sensitive conditions, consisting of 21,6% of the total hospitalizations. The main cause of hospital admissions were cardiovascular (40.5%) and respiratory (16.2%) diseases. The PCATool average score was 5.3, less than high quality definition score (6.6). Crude analysis showed significant association with years of study (HR: 0.87; p<0.001), age > 60 years old (HR:3.66; p<0.001), skin color other than white (HR:1.76, p=0.001), lower economic status 14 (HR:1,95; p=0,04), chronic disease (HR:1,69; p=0,02), obesity (HR:1.59; p=0.04) and inactivity (HR: 2.01; p=0.003). Remained on the final multivariable model age > 60 years old (HR:1.13; p=0.001), years of study ( HR:0.66; p=0.02), skin color other than white (HR: 1.77; p=0.01) and physical inactivity (HR: 1.65; p=0.04). The primary care general score was not statistically significant (5.42 vs. 5.31, p=0.1). Conclusion: Although favorable results have been found on hospitalizations reduction, studies that analyze the primary care orientation of the health service still need to be done. Health care services with suboptimal quality didn´t impact on avoidable hospitalizations, while social and demographic characteristics, specially skin color and years of study, had relevant role in maintaining inequities in health process and individual sickness. / Telemedicina

Background Rising surgery rates have raised questions about the indications for spinal surgery. The study investigated patient-level and regional factors associated with spinal surgery for patients with spinal diseases. Methods We undertook a cohort study based on routine healthcare data from Germany of 18.4 million patients within 60.9 million episodes of two patient-years before a possible spinal surgery in the time period 2008 to 2016. Using a Poisson model, the effects of a broad range of patient-related (sociodemographic, morbidity, social status), disease- and healthcare-related (physicians’ specialty, conservative treatments) and regional variables were analyzed. Results There was substantial regional heterogeneity in the occurrence of spinal surgery which decreased by only one quarter when controlling for the various determinants assessed. Previous musculoskeletal and mental health disorders as well as physical therapy were associated with a lower probability of surgery in the fully-adjusted model. Prescriptions for pain medication and consultations of specialists were associated with a higher probability of surgery. However, the specific severity of the vertebral diseases could not be taken into account in the analysis. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of patients with surgery did not receive a consultation with an outpatient specialist (29.5%), preoperative diagnostics (37.0%) or physical therapy (48.3%) before hospital admission. Conclusion This large study on spinal diseases in Germany highlights important patterns in medical care of spinal diseases and their association with the probability of spinal surgery. However, only a relatively small proportion of the regional heterogeneity in spinal surgery could be explained by the extensive consideration of confounders, which suggests the relevance of other unmeasured factors like physicians’ preferences.

Background: The best technique of radical prostatectomy – open retropubic versus robot-assisted surgery – is a subject of controversy. Patients and Methods: Between January 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2011, 2,177 men underwent radical prostatectomy at our department. 252 (12%) cases were laparoscopic robot-assisted, the remainder open retropubic procedures. In Germany, certified prostate cancer centers are required to collect urinary tract-related outcome data after radical prostatectomy using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. The questionnaire data were used to compare both surgical approaches concerning the urinary tractrelated outcome 1, 2 and 3 years postoperatively. Results: Neither the voiding score nor the incontinence score or the bother scale sum differed between the two cohorts at any of the measurement times. Conclusions: Concerning continence recovery, in this series, there were no detectable differences between robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy.

Hintergrund: Anorexia nervosa (AN) und Bulimia nervosa (BN) sind schwere Erkrankungen, die vorwiegend junge Frauen betreffen und häufig mit gravierenden psychischen, somatischen und sozialen Folgen einhergehen. Behandlungsstandard beider Erkrankungen ist eine Richtlinienpsychotherapie. Ziel der Arbeit: Zielsetzung dieser Studie ist es, die Behandlungsprävalenzen und Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit AN oder BN in Sachsen abzubilden sowie aufzuzeigen, welche Fachrichtungen die Erstdiagnose dieser Krankheiten stellen, und welche Faktoren die Vermittlung in eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung beeinflussen. Material und Methoden: Basierend auf Routinedaten der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse AOK PLUS wurde unter allen Versicherten in Sachsen die Prävalenz von ambulant behandelten Patienten mit AN und BN im Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2014 ermittelt sowie nach Alter, Geschlecht und Wohnort des Patienten untersucht. Weiterhin wurden die Fachärzte, die die Diagnosen erstmalig kodierten, sowie die Inanspruchnahme einer ambulanten Psychotherapie nach ambulanter Erstdiagnose betrachtet. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Behandlungsprävalenzen der AN und BN zeigen für Patientinnen von 2009 bis 2014 einen signifikanten Anstieg, während die deutlich niedrigeren Behandlungsprävalenzen für Patienten stabil blieben. In den Großstädten waren die Behandlungsprävalenzen für beide Diagnosen signifikant höher als in den übrigen Regionen. Fast die Hälfte der Essstörungen wurde von Fachärzten für Allgemeinmedizin diagnostiziert, weitere 20–25 % von Fachärzten für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie. Lediglich 25 % der AN-Patienten und 33 % der BN-Patienten nahmen im ersten Jahr nach der Diagnosestellung eine Richtlinienpsychotherapie wahr. / Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are severe diseases that predominantly affect young women and are often associated with severe psychological, somatic and social consequences. The standard treatment for both disorders is guideline psychotherapy. Objective: The aim of this study is to present the treatment prevalence and care situation of patients with AN or BN in Saxony, to show which specialist disciplines make the initial diagnosis of these diseases and which factors influence the referral to psychotherapeutic treatment. Material and methods: Based on routine data of the statutory health insurance fund AOK PLUS, the prevalence of outpatients with AN and BN was determined among all insured persons treated in Saxony in the period from 2009 to 2014 and examined according to age, gender and place of residence of the patient. Furthermore, the medical specialists who made the diagnoses for the first time and the utilization of outpatient psychotherapy after initial outpatient diagnosis were investigated. Results and conclusion: The treatment prevalence of AN and BN showed a significant increase for female patients from 2009 to 2014, whereas the much lower treatment prevalence for male patients remained stable. The treatment prevalence for both diagnoses was significantly higher in large cities than in other regions. Almost half of the eating disorders were diagnosed by general practitioners and another 20–25% by specialists for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy. Only 25% of the AN patients and 33% of the BN patients underwent guideline psychotherapy within the first year after diagnosis.