The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of school management in promoting healthy school environments for Grade R learners in the Sedibeng West District. A literature review revealed that there are two types of health programmes: those that support the curriculum and those that are part of the curriculum. School managers have to focus on both in their efforts to promote health in schools. South African schools adapted a Whole School Approach in creating and sustaining healthy environments. Whole School Approach includes the development of health policies, health education, community, learner, teacher involvement, nutrition and prevention of communicable diseases. A qualitative research approach was used and data was generated by means of interviews, documents, photographs and narratives. Four research sites were purposefully selected and four principals, three Heads of Departments for Foundation Phase, four health coordinators and four Grade R practitioners participated in this research. Only one of the research sites had a School Based Health Centre. The study revealed that curriculum-based health programmes including physical education, physical activities and health education were effectively implemented although they were not effectively monitored and evaluated. Health programmes supporting the curriculum include nutrition, first aid and health services. Both health services and nutrition were effectively implemented and monitored whilst there were serious problems with first aid. Practitioners were not trained for first aid, in the three schools where first aid kits were available were not checked therefore not replenished. In one school there was no first aid kit, thus, there was not much focus on precautionary measures in the participating school. There was therefore, no strategies in place for the management of health programmes that support the curriculum. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of school management in promoting healthy school environments for Grade R learners in the Sedibeng West District. A literature review revealed that there are two types of health programmes: those that support the curriculum and those that are part of the curriculum. School managers have to focus on both in their efforts to promote health in schools. South African schools adapted a Whole School Approach in creating and sustaining healthy environments. Whole School Approach includes the development of health policies, health education, community, learner, teacher involvement, nutrition and prevention of communicable diseases. A qualitative research approach was used and data was generated by means of interviews, documents, photographs and narratives. Four research sites were purposefully selected and four principals, three Heads of Departments for Foundation Phase, four health coordinators and four Grade R practitioners participated in this research. Only one of the research sites had a School Based Health Centre. The study revealed that curriculum-based health programmes including physical education, physical activities and health education were effectively implemented although they were not effectively monitored and evaluated. Health programmes supporting the curriculum include nutrition, first aid and health services. Both health services and nutrition were effectively implemented and monitored whilst there were serious problems with first aid. Practitioners were not trained for first aid, in the three schools where first aid kits were available were not checked therefore not replenished. In one school there was no first aid kit, thus, there was not much focus on precautionary measures in the participating school. There was therefore, no strategies in place for the management of health programmes that support the curriculum. / MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014

Desplazarse a pie es una actividad física moderada, rutinaria e integrada en la vida diaria que podría convertirse en una herramienta para disminuir la tendencia creciente del sedentarismo de la población. El objetivo de esta tesis es valorar el potencial en salud de la movilidad a pie como fuente de actividad física, y estudiar los factores individuales y contextuales que influyen en caminar como transporte. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo tres estudios. En el primero, utilizando la Encuesta de salud de Barcelona (ESB2011), se ha estudiado la relación entre la movilidad diaria y el sobrepeso o la obesidad; En el segundo, a partir de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Cataluña (EMQ2006) se ha estimado el beneficio económico derivado de la reducción de mortalidad resultante de sustituir desplazamientos motorizados cortos por caminar. Por último, también a partir de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Cataluña (EMQ2006) se ha estudiado la influencia de factores del entorno del barrio sobre la movilidad a pie. El cuerpo de esta tesis consta de 3 artículos científicos y otro artículo original en anexos que analiza específicamente la relación del género y la movilidad. Los estudios incluidos en esta tesis señalan como cambios concretos en la movilidad de poblaciones inactivas tienen efectos beneficiosos en salud, y podrían derivar en elevados beneficios económicos. Se han podido además identificar grupos poblacionales y factores del entorno susceptibles de intervención. / Walking for transportation is a moderate, routinely and daily integrated physical activity that could became a tool to decrease the current sedentarism of the population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the potential in health of walking for transportation as a source of physical activity, and to study the individual and contextual factors that influence on the decision of walking for transport. Three studies were carried out. The first used the Barcelona Health Survey (ESB2011) to study the relationship between daily mobility and overweight or obesity; the second used the Cataluña Mobility Survey (EMQ2006) to estimate the economical benefits derived from the substitution of short duration motorized trips by walking. The third study, using again the Cataluña Mobility Survey (EMQ2006), looked at the influence of environmental factors on walking behavior. This thesis consists of three scientific papers included in the main section, and another original paper, included in the annex section, which analyzes the specific relationship between gender and mobility. The studies included in this thesis suggest that concrete behavioral changes on mobility in inactive populations could lead to several health benefits, and could also derive on economical benefits. In addition, population groups and environmental factors susceptible to intervention have been identified.

p. 1-208 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T19:58:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 2349044 bytes, checksum: 5d28d15039f30c7814075f8ba239a53d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:21:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 2349044 bytes, checksum: 5d28d15039f30c7814075f8ba239a53d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 2349044 bytes, checksum: 5d28d15039f30c7814075f8ba239a53d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A presente tese de doutoramento, apresentada no formato de três artigos, tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as práticas exitosas desenvolvidas por organizações educacionais brasileiras visando à prevenção da violência interpessoal e/ou de promoção da paz. Adota como referencial teórico, o modelo ecológico do desenvolvimento humano, proposto por Urie Bronfenbrenner, e a Rede de Significações, elaborada por Maria Clotilde Rossetti-Ferreira e seu grupo. São perspectivas convergentes com a proposta de vigilância em saúde, especialmente no que se refere à idéia de promoção e desenvolvimento de ambiências saudáveis. Realizou-se uma pesquisa em três organizações ? uma escola pública localizada na periferia, um projeto de educação em saúde e uma escola privada internacional ? situadas no Distrito Federal, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, elegendo-se como estratégia de investigação o estudo de casos e, como instrumento de coleta de dados, grupos focais e entrevistas. As referidas organizações têm em comum o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção da violência interpessoal e/ou de promoção da paz, direcionados a adolescentes, e o reconhecimento obtido, de outras instituições públicas ou privadas, por esse trabalho. São tomadas como casos exemplares de um rico campo de práticas sociais, em curso. Foram realizados um total de nove entrevistas com dirigentes e educadores, quatro grupos focais com educadores e cinco grupos focais com adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 41 adolescentes, 38 educadores e seis dirigentes. Os discursos desses sujeitos foram analisados, buscando-se identificar a principal estratégia que cada organização educacional adota com o objetivo de favorecer a emergência de significações, práticas culturais e valores condizentes com e conducentes à cultura de paz. No conjunto de experiências inovadoras analisadas, buscou-se também identificar as práticas exitosas ? assim reconhecidas pelos adolescentes ? no aprendizado de novos modos de sociabilidade e na emergência de novas significações e comportamentos, e por conseguinte, de novos sujeitos. As práticas reconhecidas, em comum, pelos educandos das três organizações foram consideradas características essenciais desses contextos de aprendizagem, sendo classificadas em quatro categorias: princípios norteadores, metodologias, ênfases programáticas e estruturas relacionais. As duas últimas são analisadas, por reconhecer-se que as temáticas e conteúdos trabalhados, assim como as interações propiciadas pelo convívio interpessoal, desempenham um papel central no direcionamento dos processos de desenvolvimento dos participantes desses programas. Espera-se, desse modo, oferecer uma contribuição aos esforços de enfrentamento às violências. Primeiro, pela identificação de estratégias sócio-educativas que poderão ser adotadas ou reforçadas por programas de atenção à saúde, escolas e organizações da sociedade civil. Segundo, pela análise das novas significações e aprendizados que emergem das experiências analisadas, servindo de insumo para a elaboração de políticas públicas e para a tomada de decisões estratégicas, tendo em vista a construção de uma sociedade mais justa, ética e solidária. Discute-se o papel da Saúde Coletiva, enquanto campo de conhecimento e práticas, frente ao binômio violências e saúde, questionando-se a suficiência do enfoque da prevenção. Propõe-se uma nova abordagem no enfrentamento às violências, a da promoção da cultura de paz, como eixo de um discurso capaz de mobilizar outros setores e atores sociais. / Salvador