Car dependency which corresponds to excessive and inappropriate usage of the car itself is becoming a major problem all around the world. It shapes urban areas in such a way that the overall urban form as well as individual activities all develop to accommodate cars. However, introducing nonmotorized modes is seen as a remedy to overcome the car dependency. It offers a chance for retrieving healthy urban environments and healthy social lives and also for revitalizing/enhancing public spaces in cities. This means increasing the quality and quantity of pedestrian areas which have been receiving increasing emphasis all around the world. In this thesis, it is intended to show that pedestrianization can be, and should be, a valid transport policy in growing metropolitan areas that are becoming more and more car-oriented, such as Ankara. As a case study, this study assesses potentials and possibilities for creating a pedestrian environment in Ankara, Tunali Hilmi Street. To do so, detailed pedestrian surveys/analyses including v pedestrian counts, pedestrian movement analysis, pedestrian static analysis and pedestrian space analysis throughout the street and questionnaires with potential stakeholders including pedestrians, shop-owners and taxi-drivers are carried out. Through these analyses, it is assessed whether Tunali Hilmi Street is suitable for such an arrangement in terms of pedestrianization or not. As a result, this thesis makes an emphasis on non-motorization and pedestrianization as a method of preventing increasing car-oriented arrangements and revitalizing city centre for the case of Tunali Hilmi Street.

Desplazarse a pie es una actividad física moderada, rutinaria e integrada en la vida diaria que podría convertirse en una herramienta para disminuir la tendencia creciente del sedentarismo de la población. El objetivo de esta tesis es valorar el potencial en salud de la movilidad a pie como fuente de actividad física, y estudiar los factores individuales y contextuales que influyen en caminar como transporte. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo tres estudios. En el primero, utilizando la Encuesta de salud de Barcelona (ESB2011), se ha estudiado la relación entre la movilidad diaria y el sobrepeso o la obesidad; En el segundo, a partir de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Cataluña (EMQ2006) se ha estimado el beneficio económico derivado de la reducción de mortalidad resultante de sustituir desplazamientos motorizados cortos por caminar. Por último, también a partir de la Encuesta de Movilidad de Cataluña (EMQ2006) se ha estudiado la influencia de factores del entorno del barrio sobre la movilidad a pie. El cuerpo de esta tesis consta de 3 artículos científicos y otro artículo original en anexos que analiza específicamente la relación del género y la movilidad. Los estudios incluidos en esta tesis señalan como cambios concretos en la movilidad de poblaciones inactivas tienen efectos beneficiosos en salud, y podrían derivar en elevados beneficios económicos. Se han podido además identificar grupos poblacionales y factores del entorno susceptibles de intervención. / Walking for transportation is a moderate, routinely and daily integrated physical activity that could became a tool to decrease the current sedentarism of the population. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the potential in health of walking for transportation as a source of physical activity, and to study the individual and contextual factors that influence on the decision of walking for transport. Three studies were carried out. The first used the Barcelona Health Survey (ESB2011) to study the relationship between daily mobility and overweight or obesity; the second used the Cataluña Mobility Survey (EMQ2006) to estimate the economical benefits derived from the substitution of short duration motorized trips by walking. The third study, using again the Cataluña Mobility Survey (EMQ2006), looked at the influence of environmental factors on walking behavior. This thesis consists of three scientific papers included in the main section, and another original paper, included in the annex section, which analyzes the specific relationship between gender and mobility. The studies included in this thesis suggest that concrete behavioral changes on mobility in inactive populations could lead to several health benefits, and could also derive on economical benefits. In addition, population groups and environmental factors susceptible to intervention have been identified.

Notre thèse prend le parti d’analyser l’automobilisme dans l’Occident rural durant le XXe siècle. Elle s’appuie sur une étude croisant le département du Rhône en France et la région de Québec au Canada. La documentation est constituée, outre une abondante bibliographie bilingue, de sources gouvernementales issues de fonds d’archives départementaux pour le département Rhône, et, pour la région de Québec, de sources nationales. Celles-ci sont complétées par des périodiques, des revues spécialisées, des sources statistiques et de l’iconographie. La démonstration tente d'éclairer les enjeux, présents dans l'historiographie mais jusqu'ici implicites, de l’adoption de la vitesse automobile et de ses conséquences dans l’espace rural. En croisant les territoires, il s’agit de mettre en évidence comment un objet industriel produit en ville – l’automobile et ses déclinaisons – modifie le paysage rural et l’exploitation agricole, les mentalités et les pratiques de mobilité.Ce travail montre que les mutations imposées par l’automobilisme sont, quoique moins visibles parfois, bien plus nombreuses et complexes au sein du monde rural qu'elles peuvent l'être dans l’espace urbain. Il présente également la rapidité avec laquelle les populations rurales ont adopté ce mode de transport : la question de l’antiautomobilisme rural est largement repensée et une attention est portée aux impacts socioculturels de la mécanisation agricole. Enfin, les développements étayent la représentation admise que la vitesse automobile s’inscrit dans un système logique et cohérent qui révolutionne à la fois les modes de déplacement, l’appréhension du territoire, les pratiques sociétales et, enfin, les mentalités. / Our thesis analyzes automobilism in the rural West during the twentieth century. It is based on a study crossing the Rhône region in France and Quebec area in Canada. Our documentation relies on archives for the Rhône region and national sources for Quebec area. These are supplemented by periodicals, reviews, statistical sources and iconography. Our demonstration wishes to answer to the question of the adoption of speed and its consequences in rural areas. By crossing territories, it highlights how an object produced by industrial city – the automobile and its variations – changes the rural andagricultural landscape, attitudes and practices of mobility. This work show that mutations about automobilism are much more numerous and complex in the rural than in urban areas. It also highlights the relative speed with which rural people have adopted this mode of transport: rural anti-automobilism is reevaluated and sociocultural impacts of mechanization are underlined. Finally, it posits the idea that the car speed is part of a logical and coherent system that is revolutionizing the mode of travel, but also and especially the space occupied and attitudes.

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo identificar los principales factores externos que limitan la gestión de importación de vehículos livianos de origen asiático en el sector automotriz peruano entre los años 2016 y 2020. Su importancia radica en, una vez identificados los factores, la información obtenida sirva de ayuda a los principales importadores en la toma de decisiones, que logren corregir falencias en su proceso de importación y también, puedan adecuar las buenas prácticas identificadas y evaluadas de un país referente como Chile. Asimismo, sentará las bases a próximas investigaciones de enfoque cuantitativo, orientadas a la importación de vehículos livianos de origen asiático en el sector automotriz peruano. Se utilizó la metodología de investigación cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo-exploratorio y como método de recolección de datos a las entrevistas a profundidad. Se formularon las siguientes preguntas: ¿Es la escasa inversión extranjera directa una limitante en la gestión de importación de vehículos livianos de origen asiático?, ¿Son las barreras arancelarias limitantes en la gestión de importación de vehículos livianos de origen asiático? y ¿Son los problemas en la cadena logística local limitantes en la gestión de importación de vehículos livianos de origen asiático? En cuanto a las conclusiones, no se validaron las hipótesis H1 y H2, pues no se puede atribuir que tanto la baja IED como las barreras arancelarias sean limitantes en la gestión de la importación de vehículos ligeros de origen asiático. Por otro lado, en cuanto a recomendaciones, migrar a un puerto cercano como Pisco e implementar una red ferroviaria que conecte almacenes en Huachipa y el puerto del Callao fueron algunas de las principales recomendaciones. / The present thesis aims to identify the main external factors that limit the import management of light vehicles of Asian origin in the Peruvian automotive sector between 2016 and 2020. Its importance lies in, once the factors have been identified, the information obtained serves to help the main importers in making decisions, to correct shortcomings in their import process and also to adapt the good practices identified and evaluated from a benchmark country such as Chile. Likewise, it will lay the foundations for future research with a quantitative approach, aimed at the importation of light vehicles of Asian origin in the Peruvian automotive sector. The qualitative research methodology was used with a descriptive-exploratory approach and as a data collection method for in-depth interviews. The following questions were formulated: Is the scarce foreign direct investment a limitation in the management of the importation of light vehicles of Asian origin? Are the tariff barriers limiting in the management of the importation of light vehicles of Asian origin? and Are the problems in the local logistics chain limiting in the import management of light vehicles of Asian origin? Regarding the conclusions, the hypotheses H1 and H2 were not validated, since it cannot be attributed that both the low FDI and the tariff barriers are limiting in the management of the import of light vehicles of Asian origin. On the other hand, in terms of recommendations, migrating to a nearby port such as Pisco and implementing a rail network that connects warehouses in Huachipa and the port of Callao were some of the main recommendations. / Tesis

<p>Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India. </p><p>The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues. </p><p>The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India. The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. </p><p>The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India</p>

Road safety is a major issue affecting the road sector. Road accidents remain a serious impediment to sustainable human development in many of the developing member countries (DMCs) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Road accidents continue to be an important social and economic problem in developing countries like India. Growth in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, poor quality of roads and vehicles, and inadequate public health infrastructures are some of the road safety problems facing in India. The object of this Thesis is to present a status report on the nature of the government policy towards the Activity plans implemented till now and which has to be implemented later for the reduction of road fatalities and for the safe roads, and also giving the guidelines for financing of remedial measures, institutional framework, physical characteristics of the road, traffic control and calming measures, road safety education and enforcement issues. The aim of the Activity plans is to analyze the present situation of road safety in India and to indicate main problems in individual sector of the Activity implemented by comparing and taking the examples of some of the ASEAN Region who are successed in implementing in the individual sectors. The effect of the programme to real safety situation is estimated, and further plans could be corrected if it is necessary. Implementation of the goals for the coming years to reduce the number of accidents at maximum extent and give people, the safe and the steady flow of traffic in India. The vision of a tremendous change next 5 to 10 years is based on a big potential for improvement and a joint effort of all involved groups on all levels of traffic safety, centrally coordinated by the National Road Safety Authorities. The Action Plan is deliberately divided into 14 key Sectors of activity in broadly the same way as the individual country road safety action plans. The sectors involve many different disciplines and a very wide range of multi sector activities but all are based on applying scientific, methodical approaches to the problem. At the end the thesis gives the recommendations and conclusion for the safe Roads in India

Diploma thesis provides a comprehensive viewpoint at transport services in the Pardubice region, both in terms of public transport supply and demand from people at it. One of the key objectives of this work is to find the influence of characteristics on the selection of mode of transport used by the people to get to work and school at the municipal level. In addition to analysis based on secondary data there is a part of this thesis, which evaluates questionnaire study, particularly in relation to the previous analysis. This comparison of two views, first based on objective statistics data and second based on the subjective view of the reference population of the region, is one of the main values of this study.