Title: Study of strange particle production in jets with the ALICE experiment at the LHC Author: Vít Kučera Institute: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisors: RNDr. Jana Bielčíková, Ph.D., Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS; Dr. Christian Kuhn, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN Abstract: Quark-gluon plasma is a state of matter existing under extreme energy densities and temperatures where quarks and gluons are deconfined. Complex phenomena occurring in the plasma emerge from the strong interaction of its constituents. This hot and dense strongly interacting matter can be created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and its properties can be studied by measuring particles produced in the collisions. Partons produced in hard scatterings interact with the medium which modifies the production of particles in jets. Measurements of spectra of identified particles produced in jets represent an important tool for understanding the interplay of various hadronization mechanisms which contribute to the particle production in the medium created in heavy-ion collisions. In this thesis, we present the measurement of the pT spectra of Λ baryons and K0 S mesons produced in charged jets in central Pb-Pb collisions at the energy √ sNN = 2.76 TeV, measured in the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The...

L’environnement radiatif naturel est connu pour être sévère sur les composants électroniques de puissance. Il est caractérisé par des particules chargées électriquement, notamment des ions lourds et des protons. Dans le contexte avionique, c’est maintenant essentiel d’estimer les effets de dites particules : les MOSFETs de puissance sont en fait largement utilisés pour les caractéristiques électriques et le coût. Cette étude s’occupe de la prédiction du Single Event Effect (SEB) dans les MOSFETs de puissance : sur la base d’une analyse physique à travers des simulations TCAD, lemodèle de prédiction DELPHY est construit pour calculer les taux d’occurrence du SEB généré par ions lourds et protons. Le SEB provient de la génération d’une charge dans le composant, qui évolue via un courant élevé et auto-alimenté, ayant comme conséquence la destruction thermique du composant. Le SEB a été étudié dans ses différents aspects : c’est admit qu’il dépend de plusieurs facteurs, notamment la géométrie du composant, son dopage et sa polarisation ; la nature et le LET (Linear Energy Transfer) de la particule, le lieu et l’angle d’impact. Tous ces paramètres ne peuvent pas être contrôlés, et le compromis entre le coût et la fonctionnalité limite la mise en place des solutions de durcissement. Pour cette raison, un modèle de prédiction de l’occurrence SEB est nécessaire, ce qui fait l’objet de cette étude. Le modèle DELPHY est basé sur l’analyse physique du Single Event Burnout, à travers la simulation composant 2D TCAD, afin de maîtriser les paramètres cités auparavant qui sont pertinents pour le phénomène. Deux différentes topologies de composant on été étudiées (HEXFET et STRIPFET). A partir de cette analyse, une loi empirique de déclenchement a été calculée et un critère SEB basé sur le champ électrique et la charge déposée dans la couche epitaxiée a été défini. Les sections efficaces SEB ont été calculées pour des injections d’ions lourds. En prenant en compte la probabilité différentielle de génération des particules secondaires sous impact proton, les taux SEB ont été prédis aussi pour le cas du SEB généré par les protons. Toutes les sections efficaces calculées ont été comparées avec succès aux données expérimentales : d’abord avec les caractérisations composant publiées par le CNES ; en suite dans le cadre d’une étude spécifique commune ONERA-CERN afin de caractériser la prochaine génération des convertisseurs de puissance dans le Large Hadron Collider. DELPHY propose donc d’avoir un rôle essentiel comme instrument de prédiction SEB, et trace la route pour une amélioration de l’estimation des taux SEB. / The natural radiation environment has proved to be particularly harsh on power electronics devices. It is characterized by electrically charged particles such as heavy ions and protons among others. In particular, inside the atmosphere it has now become essential to estimate the effects of these particles: power MOSFETs in fact are widely used because of their appealing electrical characteristics and costs, thus making the prediction of destructive effects one of the fundamental parts of the project. This work focuses on the prediction of Single Event Burnout (SEB) inside power MOSFETs: based on physical analysis through TCAD simulations, the predictionmodel DELPHY is built in order to calculate occurrence rates of heavy ion and proton induced SEB. SEB consists of a charge generation inside the device, which evolves into a high and self-sustained current, whose main consequence is the thermal destruction of the component. SEB has been deeply studied in several aspects: it is now established that it depends on multiple factors, such as component geometry, doping and bias; particle nature and Linear Energy Transfer, impact location and angle. A power electronics designer does not have control over all the cited parameters, and the trade-off between cost and functionality limits the application of hardness measures at circuit and device level. For this reason, a SEB rate prediction model is neededand represents the object of this work. DELPHY model moves from physical analysis of SEB, performed with TCAD 2D simulations, in order to control the aforementioned factors which are relevant for the phenomenon. Two different MOSFET topologies have been studied (HEXFET and STRIPFET). Starting from this analysis, an empirical triggering law has been calculated and a SEB criterion based on electric field and charge deposition inside the epitaxial layer has been defined. SEB cross sections have then been calculated for heavy ion impacts. Taking into account the differential probability of secondary generation by proton impact, a SEB rate has been predicted also for proton induced SEB. All the calculated cross sections have been successfully compared to experimental data: firstly from a device characterization published by CNES; and secondly in the frame of a dedicated joint study ONERA-CERN to characterize next generation of Large Hadron Collider power converters. As a general conclusion, DELPHY model leads the way as a valid SEB prediction tool and opens new roads for enhancement of SEB rates estimation.

Dans le cadre de la recherche de nouvelles solutions pour le traitement des effluents radioactifs, la stratégie dite « séparation – conditionnement » qui consiste à mettre en oeuvre un support poreux fonctionnalisé pour la sorption des radionucléides, qui pourrait également être un matériau précurseur pour l’élaboration d’une matrice de conditionnement, est une alternative qui présente des perspectives intéressantes. Dans ce contexte, la silice mésoporeuse est un matériau qui présente plusieurs atouts : une grande surface spécifique fonctionnalisable, une élaboration à basse température et enfin, la possibilité de confiner le radionucléide par fermeture de la porosité via l’application d’une contrainte chimique, mécanique, thermique… Au cours de ces différentes étapes, du fait de la présence de radionucléides, la structure mésoporeuse serait soumise à l’auto-irradiation, c’est pourquoi il est important de connaitre l’évolution d’une telle structure dans ces conditions.L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de comparer les comportements de différentes silices mésoporeuses sous des conditions d’irradiations variées qui donnent lieu à deux effets principaux, l’effet balistique (nucléaire) et l’effet inélastique (électronique). Pour atteindre cet objectif, les irradiations externes par des ions lourds ont été utilisées pour simuler les processus d’auto-irradiation. Les techniques de caractérisation post-irradiation (réflectivité des rayons-X, adsorption gazeuse) ont été mises en œuvre. Une compaction totale de la structure mésoporeuse a été observée en régime balistique pour une dose d’environ ~1025 eV/cm3 (~10 dpa). Lors des irradiations en régime électronique, les ions présentant un pouvoir d’arrêt inférieur à 1keV/nm n’ont pas d’effet important sur l’évolution de la structure mésoporeuse, seuls les ions présentant un pouvoir d’arrêt élevé (Ni-638 MeV, dE/dx~5 keV/nm), supérieur au seuil de formation des traces dans la silice thermique, induisent une densification de la structure. Jusqu’à une dose Eélec.=1025 eV/cm3 le phénomène de saturation n’a pas été observé. Aucune différence importante n’a été observée entre les différentes silices mésoporeuses étudiées. Ces résultats indiquent une bonne résistance de ces structures aux dommages créés par l’irradiation.L’origine de ces comportements n’a pas été clairement établie. Les effets purement thermiques des irradiations ne peuvent pas être invoqués car une étude comparative a montré les processus de densification étaient totalement différents. Une approche de modélisation par Dynamique Moléculaire classique a permis de reproduire avec succès l’effondrement des mésopores, ce qui apporte un début d’explication dans le cas de l’endommagement en régime balistique. En régime électronique, les résultats obtenus sont cohérents avec les résultats bibliographiques. / In the search of new solutions to treat radioactive effluent, the so-called “separation-conditioning” strategy, which consists of implementing a functionalized porous matrix for the radionuclide adsorption, is an interesting alternative way. Such porous matrix could even act as a long term conditioning matrix in the second step. For this purpose, mesoporous silica presents several advantages like enormous fonctionalisable surface, possibility to prepare at low temperature and pore closure which favors long term conditioning. During its working process and with the presence of radionuclide, the mesoporous structure will be exposed to self-irradiation. This is why it’s important to know the structure evolution under such conditions.The objective of this thesis is to compare different mesoporous structures under various irradiation conditions which induce two major effects, the ballistic (nuclear) effect and the inelastic (electronic) effect. In order to achieve these objectives and thanks to their several advantages, external irradiations with heavy ions were used to simulate self-irradiation processes. Adapted post-irradiation characterizations, like X-ray reflectivity and gas adsorption, were carried out. In the ballistic regime, a total compaction due to mesopore collapse is observed at a dose about ~1025 eV/cm3 (~10 dpa). In the electronic regime, ions of stopping power inferior to 1keV/nm do not present obvious effect on the mesoporous structure evolution. Only the Ni-638 MeV with stopping power ~5 keV/nm shows significant collapse effect but no total compaction was observed until the maximum studied dose about Eelec.=1025 eV/cm3. These results indicate a good resistance of these structures against irradiation damage.The origin of these structural behaviors has not been clearly understood. Thermal effect, considered as secondary irradiation effect, cannot be referred to because a comparative study showed completely different densification process. Additionally, a trial with classic Molecular Dynamics modelling for purely ballistic effects was undertaken. It allows to successfully reproduced mesopore collapse and to set foot on the explanation in case of ballistic regime. In the electronic regime, the results are compatible with literatures.

Submitted by Wagner Maciel Castilho (castilho.w@gmail.com) on 2017-12-05T10:53:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWagner.pdf: 4189219 bytes, checksum: dbc77f46b31b8872c5aafe68d8a5b7d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2017-12-05T12:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 catilho_wm_dr_guara.pdf: 4189219 bytes, checksum: dbc77f46b31b8872c5aafe68d8a5b7d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T12:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 catilho_wm_dr_guara.pdf: 4189219 bytes, checksum: dbc77f46b31b8872c5aafe68d8a5b7d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-10 / Os fenômenos físicos envolvidos em colisões relativísticas de íons pesados foram estudados utilizando o código hidrodinâmico NeXSPheRIO, com condições iniciais flutuantes evento a evento, caracterizado por tubos de fluxo longitudinais de altas energias. Foram realizadas análises para o espectro de hádrons em função dos momentos transversais pelos cálculos das distribuições de partículas em sete janelas de centralidade de colisão, de acordo com dados publicados pela Colaboração STAR. A coletividade da matéria nuclear formada durante as colisões foi investigada em termos de correlações azimutais entre hádrons. Verificou-se que as estruturas da correlação dependem do momento transversal e da centralidade. Tais estruturas são atribuídas à interação entre um fundo dependente da centralidade e as flutuações de evento a evento na multiplicidade. Como resultado, as correlações observadas são apresentadas por um duplo pico na região do away-side que mudam continuamente para um pico único sob certas circunstâncias. Em termos do modelo do tubo periférico, o fundo é dominado pelo fluxo elíptico que aumenta com a descentralização. Pelos cálculos numéricos, a anisotropia do sistema é estudada quanto aos coeficientes de fluxo harmônico até a quarta ordem, de acordo com os dados da colaboração PHENIX. A anisotropia do fundo contribui para as correlações entre hádrons e pôde ser avaliada pelo método ZYAM. Após sua subtração na produção do sinal de correlação próprio, a estrutura de correlação resultante é uma função da centralidade, plano de evento e do momento transverso de acordo com os dados das colaborações PHENIX e STAR. Mostrou-se que a estrutura do duplo pico no away-side muda continuamente para um pico único com a redução na centralidade. Além disso, em relação à dependência do plano de eventos, a estrutura de duplo pico no away-side evolui para um pico único à medida que o ângulo azimutal das partículas gatilho se move do plano para o da direção fora do plano de eventos. Também foi mostrado que a estrutura resultante do away-side pode ser sensível ao esquema detalhado pelo método ZYAM, particularmente, a subtração do terceiro coeficiente harmônico. Por último, mas não menos importante, a magnitude da correlação diminuiu com o aumento do momento transversal das partículas associadas. Nossas análises apresentaram um acordo razoável com os dados experimentais publicados pela colaboração PHENIX e STAR do RHIC / The physical phenomena involved in relativistic heavy-ion collisions were studied using a hydrodynamic code, NeXSPheRIO, with event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions featured by high-energy longitudinal flux tubes. Analyses were carried out for hadron spectrum as a function of the transverse momentum by the calculations of particle distributions in seven collision centrality windows, according to the data published by the STAR Collaboration. Also, the collectivity of the nuclear matter formed during the collisions was investigated in terms of dihadron azimuthal correlations. The correlation structures were found to be dependent on the transverse momentum and centrality. They are attributed to the interplay between the centrality dependent background and the eventby-event multiplicity fluctuations. As a result, the observed correlations are featured by a double-peak in the away-side region that continuously change to a single peak under certain circumstances. In terms of the peripheral tube model, the background is dominated by the elliptic flow which increases with decreasing centrality. By numerical calculations, the anisotropy of the system is studied regarding the harmonic flow coefficients up to fourth order, in accordance with the existing RHIC data. The background anisotropy contributes to the dihadron correlations, and can be evaluated by the ZYAM method. After it is subtracted from the proper correlation yields, the resultant correlation structure is a function of centrality, event plane and transverse moment, in accordance with the data from the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations. It was shown that the double-peak structure in the away-side continually changes to a single peak as centrality decreases. In addition, concerning the event plane dependence, the double-peak structure in the away-side evolves into a single peak as the azimuthal angle of the trigger particles moves from the in-plane to the out-of-plane direction. It was also shown that the resultant away-side structure can be sensitive to the detailed schemes of the ZYAM method, particularly, to the subtraction of the third harmonic coefficient. Last but not least, the magnitude of the correlation was found to decrease with increasing transverse moment of the associated particles. Our analyses manifestly presented a reasonable agreement with the experimental data published by the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations

O principal objetivo de experimentos envolvendo colisões de íons pesados relativísticos é estudar a matéria nuclear sob condições extremas de temperatura e densidade. Sob tais condições, acredita-se que a matéria transite para um novo estado no qual quarks e glúons deixem de estar confinados, o plasma de quarks e glúons (PQG). A produção de partículas estranhas é uma importante ferramenta para a caracterização desse novo estado. O aumento da produção dessas partículas já era considerado como sendo um possível sinal para a existência do plasma de quarks e glúons mesmo antes da obtenção dos primeiros resultados experimentais do RHIC. Nesse trabalho, é feita a determinação da produção das partículas estranhas neutras K0s , e em colisões Cu+Cu ap sNN = 62:4 GeV, utilizando o intervalo de rapidez y < j0:75j. Em seguida, esses dados são comparados a modelos teóricos (estatístico -termodinâmicos, coalescência e core-corona) para entender o processo de produção dessas partículas em colisões de íons pesados relativísticos. / The main goal of relativistic heavy ion collisions is to study nuclear matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. It is under these conditions that it is believed that a phase transition to a new state of matter where quarks and gluons are no loger conned takes place, the so called Quarks and Gluon Plasma. Strange particle production is an important tool for the characterization of this new state of matter. Strangeness enhancement was considered as a possible evidence for the formation QGP even before the rst RHIC experimental results. In this thesis, it is determined a production of neutral strange particles K0 s and in Cu+Cu collisions at p sNN = 62:4 GeV, using a rapidity range y < j0:75j. These data are compared to theoretical models (statistical-thermodynamic, coalescence and core-corona) in order to understand the hadronization process in relativistic heavy ions collisions.

Orientador: Jun Takahashi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:25:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_RafaelDerradide_M.pdf: 5190148 bytes, checksum: 9951aed4d9ff0a2b1db393891c1ac465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Reações nucleares envolvendo núcleos pesados em energia de colisão no limite relativístico são estudadas para conhecer as leis e características da matéria em condições extremas de energia e temperatura. Em uma colisão de núcleos pesados no regime relativístico, milhares de partículas são produzidas. Neste trabalho, estudamos a produção de partículas analisando os dados de colisões de íons pesados relativísticos, medidos pelo experimento STAR do acelerador RHIC, com uma abordagem estatístico-termodinâmica. Usando o formalismo grande-canônico, foram feitos estudos da dependência dos parâmetros termodinâmicos com o volume dos sistemas formados em colisões de íons de ouro ( 197 Au) nas energias de 62,4 e 200 GeV por par de núcleon e colisões de íons de cobre ( 63 Cu) na energia de 200 GeV por par de núcleon. Observou-se que o grau de equilíbrio do setor de estranheza é equivalente entre os sistemas criados em colisões centrais de íons de cobre e os criados em colisões periféricas de íons de ouro na energia de 200 GeV por par de núcleon. Também foi analisada a dependência dos parâmetros termodinâmicos com relação à rapidez das partículas produzidas na reação e os resultados mostraram um forte aumento dos potenciais químicos bariônico e de estranheza para as regiões longitudinais das distribuições de rapidez. Finalmente, foi verificada a dependência dos resultados obtidos em função da energia depositada na reação (ps N N), observando-se uma boa consistência com o comportamento geral de resultados de outros trabalhos encontrados na literatura / Abstract: Nuclear reactions in the relativistic regime are studied to understand the laws and characteristics of nature under extreme conditions of high energy density and temperature. In these collisions, a large number of particles is produced. In this work, we study the particle production mechanism using a statistical thermal approach analysing data measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. Using a grand-canonical approach a study of the volume dependence of the thermodynamical parameters of the systems formed in gold-gold (197 Au ) collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV per nucleon pair and copper-copper (63 Cu ) collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon pair was performed. This study showed that the equilibrium is indeed achieved and that, even in the strangeness sector, equilibrium is achieved in the case of most central gold-gold collisions. The dependence of the thermodyna-mical parameters on the particle rapidity was also analysed and the results showed an increase of the baryon and strange chemical potentials with rapidity. Finally, the dependence of the results on the energy deposited in the reaction was verified within a fairly good agreement with the general behaviour of results obtained in similar studies from literature / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Nesta tese estudamos o fluxo dirigido, a primeira componente na expansão de Fourier da distribuição azimutal das partículas emitidas. Diferente do fluxo elíptico, que é muito bem estudado e descrito na literatura, a física que gera este observável ainda não é muito conhecida. Mostramos que este observável é altamente sensível a condições iniciais, comparando vários resultados numéricos para diferentes condições iniciais, entre analíticas e numéricas. Propomos que o fluxo dirigido também é sensível à aceleração longitudinal e formulamos um modelo analítico baseado nesta hipótese. Este modelo sugere quais ingredientes são relevantes para o fluxo dirigido. Ele é confrontado com sucesso com cálculos numéricos, resultados experimentais e cálculos que não incluem a aceleração longitudinal. / In this thesis we study the directed flow, the first component in the Fourier\'s expansion of the azimuthal distribution of emitted particles. Unlike the elliptic flow, which is well studied and described in the literature, the physics that generates this observable is not yet well described. We show that this observable is highly sensible to the initial conditions, comparing several numeric results with different initial conditions, between analytic and numeric ones. We propose that the directed flow is also sensitive to the longitudinal acceleration and we formulate an analytic model based in this hypothesis. This model suggests which ingredients are relevant to the directed flow. It is confronted with success against numeric calculus, experimental results, and calculus that do not include the longitudinal acceleration.

Quarks charm são criados em estágios iniciais da colisão de íons pesados em processos de espalhamento duro. Portanto eles são sondas ideais para o Plasma de Quarks e Glúons (QGP), que é um estado da matéria em que os partons contidos em hadrons, em condições de alta temperatura (150 MeV) ou densidade (cerca de cinco vezes a densidade da matéria ordinária), passam para um estado livre de quarks e glúons. A fragmentação de quarks charm pode produzir mésons D. Jatos contendo um méson D como um de seus constituentes podem ser identificados como originados de uma fragmentação de quark pesado. Jatos contendo mésons D são valiosas ferramentas para caracterizar interações de quarks charm com o plasma. Jatos de charm podem fornecer informações para o estudo da perda de energia dependente da massa pela medida da modificação da produção de jatos de charm em colisões de núcleos de chumbo com respeito a colisões entre prótons em função do momento transversal dos jatos. Além disso, uma visão mais profunda pode ser obtida com a medida da distribuição da fração de momento, que é de particular interesse para investigar a possível influência do meio na fragmentação de quarks charm em jatos. Mésons D são reconstruídos através da análise de massa invariante de seu canal de decaimento hadrônico, rejeitando uma grande quantidade de fundo combinatório com seleções topológicas e explorando o tempo de vida relativamente longo de mésons D e as capacidades de identificação de partículas do detector ALICE. Jatos são reconstruídos com o algoritmo anti-kT usando candidatos a mésons D e partículas carregadas. A medida do espectro de momento transversal de jatos contendo mésons D em colisões de núcleos de chumbo a energias de sNN = 5.02 TeV será apresentada. Esses resultados levam a novas possibilidades de sondagem das propriedades do QGP quando comparados com medidas de referência. Por fim, os métodos desenvolvidos podem ser empregados no estudo das funções de fragmentação de quarks charm em colisões de íons pesados. / Charm quarks are created in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions in hard-scattering processes. Therefore, they are ideal probes of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), which is a state of matter where partons contained in hadrons, at high temperatures (150 MeV) or density (about five times the density of ordinary matter), change to a deconfined state of quarks and gluons. The fragmentation of charm quarks can produce D mesons. Jets containing a D meson as one of their constituents can be identified as originating from heavy-quark fragmentation. These jets are a valuable tool to characterize the charm interaction with the QGP. Charmed jets can provide information to the study the mass-dependent energy loss by the measurement of the modification of the charm-jet yield in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions as a function of the jet transverse momentum. Moreover, a further insight can be obtained with the measurement of the momentum-fraction distribution, which is of particular interest to investigate the possible influence of the medium in the charm-jet fragmentation. D mesons are reconstructed through an invariant mass analysis of their hadronic decay channels, rejecting the large combinatorial background with topological selections exploiting the relatively large lifetime of D mesons and the particle identification capabilities of the ALICE detector. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm using D-meson candidates and charged tracks. The measurement of the transverse momentum spectrum of jets containing D mesons in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV will be presented. These results lead to new possibilities of probing the QGP properties when compared to baseline measurements. Furthermore, the methods developed can be employed in the study of charm-quark fragmentation functions in heavy-ion collisions.

Neste trabalho foram realizadas, no Laboratório Pelletron do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, medidas de coincidência entre partículas com momentos relativos pequenos para os sistemas 160+10B e 160+ 12C nas energias de 62,5 e 64,0 MeV, respectivamente. Para isso, foi utilizado um hodoscópio composto de 14 telescópios do tipo E-E, capazes de medir a energia tanto de partículas pesadas (Z>2) como leves (Z2). A partir dessas medidas foram obtidos espectros de diferença dos módulos das velocidades (vdif) e funções correlação em momento relativo (prel) para vários pa res de partículas. A análise do espectro de vdif permite determinar a proporção relativa entre as duas seqüências de emissão possíveis para um dado par de partículas. A região da anticorrelação na função correlação permite obter informações sobre a escala temporal referente ao intervalo de tempo entre a emissão da primeira e da segunda partícula. Para o ajuste tanto do espectro de vdif como da função correlação foi utilizado um programa que simula a emissão sequencial de duas partículas a partir de um núcleo composto, no qual a fração das sequências de emissão e a escala temporal são parâmetros ajustáveis. Correlações envolvendo somente partículas leves forneceram resultados para as escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20 s a 10-19 s, compatíveis com evaporação sequencial de um núcleo composto. Correlações envolvendo partículas leves e pesadas forneceram escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20s compatíveis com a fissão de núcleos residuais após a emissão de uma partícula leve. / Particle-particle correlation measurements at small relative momenta for the 160+10B and 160+ 12C systems at Elab = 62.5 and 64 MeV, respectively, were performed at the University of São Paulo - Pelletron Laboratory. The experimental setup consisted of a hodoscope composed by fourteen triple telescopes which provide the energy for both light (Z 2 ) and heavy (Z>2) particles. Velocity difference (vdifl) spectra a nd correlation functions at small relative momenta were obtained for many particle pairs. The velocity difference spectrum provides information about the emission order for the particles. The anticorrelation region in the correlation function provides information about the time between the first and second emission. A simulation code that calculates sequencial emission from a compound nucleus and for which the emission order and time scale are parameters was used to fit both the vdiff spectrum and the correlation function. The time scales obtained for light particle correlations are between 10-20 and 10-19 s and they are in agreement with predictions for the evaporation of compound nuclei. Correlations between light and heavy particles give time scales of about 10 -20 which are compatible with fission of the residual nuclei after a light particle emission.

Le plasma de quarks et de gluons est un état de matière obtenu lors de températures et de densités d’énergie extrêmes où les quarks et les gluons sont libres. Cette matière chaude et dense peut être créée dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes. Les mesures des spectres des particules identifiées produites dans des jets représentent un outil majeur permettant d'étudier les propriétés du plasma créé dans les collisions et d'ainsi comprendre les relations entre divers mécanismes contribuant à la production de particules dans ce milieu. Cette thèse présente une analyse des spectres en impulsion transverse des baryons Λ et mésons K0S produits dans des jets chargés lors de collisions Pb–Pb centrales à l'énergie sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV mesurées avec ALICE au LHC. Les résultats sont utilisés pour discuter l'origine de l'augmentation du rapport entre baryons et mésons observée pour la production inclusive des particules dans les collisions d’ions lourds ultra-relativistes. / Quark–gluon plasma is a state of matter existing under extreme energy densities and temperatures where quarks and gluons are deconfined. This hot and dense strongly interacting matter can be created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Measurements of spectra of identified particles produced in jets represent a major tool for studying properties of the plasma created in the collisions and for understanding the interplay of various mechanisms which contribute to the particle production in this medium. In this thesis, we present the measurement of the transverse-momentum spectra of Λ baryons and K0S mesons produced in charged jets in central Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV, measured with ALICE at the LHC. The results of the analysis are used to discuss the origin of the enhancement of the baryon-to-meson ratio observed for the inclusive production of light-flavour particles in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.