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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Eficácia de sanitizantes e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de Salmonella Heidelberg isoladas de fontes avícolas em 2006 e 2016

Bassani, Juliana January 2017 (has links)
O Brasil é hoje o segundo maior produtor de carne de frango do mundo e o primeiro país exportador, o que faz com que as criações avícolas necessitem de um criterioso programa de biosseguridade a fim de impedir o surgimento de patógenos que possam causar danos aos plantéis e ao produto final. Neste cenário, tem fundamental importância a Salmonella e, mais recentemente, a Salmonella Heidelberg por sua alta prevalência e importância frente a casos de saúde pública, principalmente no que diz respeito à resistência a sanitizantes e antimicrobianos. A dificuldade no combate e eliminação desse patógeno em toda a cadeia avícola, seu potencial zoonótico e aumento de resistência a antimicrobianos motivou a realização deste trabalho. Portanto, os objetivos foram comparar 20 isolados de S. Heidelberg do ano de 2006 e 20 isolados do ano de 2016, testando-os quanto à eficácia de dois sanitizantes, hipoclorito de sódio (concentrações 0,5% e 1,0%) e cloreto de benzalcônio (concentrações 100 ppm e 200 ppm), em temperatura de 25°C e 12°C e tempos de contato de 5 e 15 minutos. Ainda, foi determinada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC) dos antimicrobianos ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacina, cloranfenicol, enrofloxacina, gentamicina e tetraciclina, além de verificar a presença de isolados multirresistentes. O teste de suspensão por diluição dos sanitizantes revelou que, nas duas concentrações utilizadas, independentemente do ano de isolamento, o hipoclorito de sódio se mostrou mais eficiente do que o cloreto de benzalcônio, eliminando 100% dos isolados com tempo de contato de 15 minutos. Por outro lado, o cloreto de benzalcônio, mesmo na maior concentração e tempo de contato, não foi totalmente eficiente para os isolados de 2006 e 2016. O cloreto de benzalcônio foi mais eficiente a 25°C do que a 12°C, em ambos os períodos e, quando comparados os anos, os isolados de 2016 foram mais resistentes ao cloreto de benzalcônio a 200 ppm, 25°C e tempo de contato de 5 minutos. Nos teste de MIC, quando comparados os dois períodos, 2006 e 2016, houve aumento significativo de isolados categorizados como nWT à tetraciclina, passando de 5% em 2006 para 75% em 2016. Nos dois períodos foi observada uma alta taxa de isolados nWT para ácido nalidíxico (50% e 65%), porém, todos os isolados foram categorizados como WT ao cloranfenicol e à enrofloxacina. Dentre os isolados de 2016, 5 (25%) apresentaram fenótipo de multirresistência. Os isolados sensíveis a todos os antimicrobianos totalizaram 40% para 2006 e 20% para 2016. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que há progressão da resistência de S. Heidelberg aos antimicrobianos com o passar do tempo, o que implica no aparecimento de isolados multirresistentes. Ações devem ser tomadas com o intuito de incentivar o uso prudente desses fármacos na medicina humana e, principalmente, em qualquer que seja a área de produção animal. / Brazil is now the second largest producer of chicken meat in the world and the first exporting country, which means that poultry farms need a careful biosecurity program to prevent the emergence of pathogens that can cause damage to the farms and to the final product. In this scenario, Salmonella Heidelberg plays a fundamental role because of its high prevalence and significance in public health cases, especially with regard to resistance to sanitizers and antimicrobials. Motivated by the difficulty in eliminating this pathogen throughout the poultry chain, its zoonotic potential and increased antimicrobial resistance, this study aimed to compare 20 isolates of S. Heidelberg from the year 2006 and 20 isolates from the year 2016. The isolates were tested against the efficacy of two sanitizers, sodium hypochlorite (0.5% and 1.0% concentrations) and benzalkonium chloride (concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm), at 25°C and 12°C, and contact times of 5 and 15 minutes. In addition, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the antimicrobials nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline were determined, as well as the presence of multiresistant isolates. The dilution suspension test of the sanitizers revealed that in the two concentrations used, sodium hypochlorite was more efficient than benzalkonium chloride, eliminating 100% of the isolates with a contact time of 15 minutes, regardless of the year of isolation. On the other hand, benzalkonium chloride, even at the highest concentration and contact time, was not fully efficient for the isolates of 2006 and 2016. Benzalkonium chloride was more efficient at 25°C than at 12°C in both periods. When the years were compared, the isolates from 2016 were more resistant to benzalkonium chloride at 200 ppm, 25°C and contact time of 5 minutes. In the MIC tests, when comparing the two periods of 2006 and 2016, there was a significant increase of isolates categorized as nWT to tetracycline, from 5% to 75%. In both periods, a high rate of nWT isolates for nalidixic acid (50% and 65%) was observed. All isolates were categorized as WT to chloramphenicol and 5nrofloxacina. Among the isolates from 2016, five (25%) had a multidrug resistance phenotype. Forty percent of isolates from 2006 and 20% from 2016 were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The results show that there is progression of resistance of S. Heidelberg to antimicrobials over time, which implies the appearance of multiresistant isolates. Actions should be taken in order to encourage the prudent use of these drugs in human medicine and veterinary.
62

Study of the dissemination of cefoxitin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg from human, abattoir poultry and retail poultry sources

Edirmanasinghe, Romaine Cathy Shalini 15 September 2016 (has links)
This study characterized Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg from human, abattoir poultry and retail poultry isolates to examine the molecular relationships of cefoxitin resistance between these groups. A total of 147 S. Heidelberg (70 cefoxitin-resistant and 77 cefoxitin-susceptible) isolates were studied. All cefoxitin-resistant isolates were also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, and all contained the CMY-2 gene. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing illustrated that 93.9% isolates clustered together with ≥ 90% similarity. Core genome analysis using whole genome sequencing identified 12 clusters of isolates with zero to four single nucleotide variations. These clusters consisted of cefoxitin-resistant and susceptible human, abattoir poultry and retail poultry isolates. Analysis of CMY-2 plasmids from cefoxitin-resistant isolates revealed all belonged to incompatibility group I1. Analysis of plasmid sequences using WGS revealed high identity (95-99%) to a previously described plasmid (pCVM29188_101) found in Salmonella Kentucky. When compared to pCVM29188_101, all sequenced cefoxitin-resistant isolates were found to carry one of ten possible variant plasmids. The discovery of several clusters of isolates from different sources with zero to four SNVs suggests that transmission between human, abattoir poultry and retail poultry sources may be occurring. The classification of newly sequenced plasmids into one of ten sequence variant types suggests transmission of a common CMY-2 plasmid amongst S. Heidelberg with variable genetic backgrounds. / October 2016
63

Comparação de Aspectos Microbiológicos, Patológicos e Zootécnicos entre frangos e perus de corte desafiados com Salmonella Heidelberg

Vellano, Igor Henrique Bastos. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho / Resumo: O agronegócio representa uma fatia expressiva do PIB (produto interno bruto) nacional e no setor produtivo, frangos e perus de corte são responsáveis por boa parte da produção e exportação de produtos cárneos. A Salmonella spp. continua sendo uma toxinfecção alimentar de importância em saúde pública, sendo que nos últimos anos o sorovar Heidelberg (SH) vem ganhando destaque por sua característica mais invasiva, com plasmídeos responsáveis pela transmissão de genes de resistência. Ele também pode provocar danos à mucosa intestinal, semelhantes aos causados pelo sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e sua detecção pode ser realizada por cultivos microbiológicos e através de suabes, mesmo que estes apresentem uma baixa confiabilidade devido à excreção intermitente da bactéria. Devido a carência de informações a respeito da patogenia da SH em ambas as espécies, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de frangos e perus de corte às ações da SH. / Abstract: Agribusiness represents a significant share of GDP (gross domestic product) national and the productive sector, broilers and turkeys are responsible for much of the production and export of meat products. Salmonella spp. continues to be a food poisoning of public health importance, and in recent years serovar Heidelberg (SH) has been highlighted by its more invasive characteristics, with plasmids responsible for the transmission of resistance genes. It can also cause damage to the intestinal mucosa, similar to those caused by serovar Enteritidis (SE), and their detection can be performed through swabs, even if they present a low reliability due to the intermittent excretion of the bacteria. Due to the lack of information about the pathogenicity in both species, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of broilers and turkeys poults to SH actions. / Mestre
64

Documentarische Papyri des 2. Jh. v. Chr. aus dem Herakleopolites : P. Heid. VIII /

Kaltsas, Demokritos. January 1900 (has links)
Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fakultät für Orientalistik und Altertumswissenschaft--Heidelberg--Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1999. / Contient les textes grecs suivis de leur traduction allemande. Commentaire en allemand. Bibliogr. p. [XI]-XXIX.
65

Fünfundzwanzig griechische Papyri aus den Sammlungen von Heidelberg, Wien und Kairo : P. Heid. VII /

Papathomas, Amphilochios. January 1900 (has links)
Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Fakultät für Orientalistik und Altertumswissenschaft--Heidelberg--Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 1994. / Contient les textes grecs suivis de leur traduction allemande. Commentaire en allemand. Bibliogr. p. [IX]-XV.
66

Our friend "the enemy" : elite education in Britain and Germany before World War I /

Weber, Thomas. January 2007 (has links)
Zugl.: Oxford, University, Diss. / Includes bibliographical references and index.
67

Our friend "the enemy" : elite education in Britain and Germany before World War I /

Weber, Thomas, January 2007 (has links)
Based on the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford. / Includes bibliographical references and index.
68

Australian landscape : its relationship to culture and identity /

Mah, D. B. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)(Hons)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.
69

"Die Chance, Bürger zu werden" : deutsche Politik unter amerikanischer Besatzung ; die "Heidelberger Aktionsgruppe" ; 1946 - 47 /

Hausmann, Katharina. January 2006 (has links)
Univ., Magisterarbeit--Heidelberg, 2002.
70

Die Gelatine in der Medizin

Liesegang, Jörg F. January 2007 (has links)
Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2007.

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