Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jesus_cr_me_botfca.pdf: 133340 bytes, checksum: 2ef846e0764b0f283ae46df3c1f9091c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para a geração de híbridos comerciais de porte baixo visando à colheita mecanizada em condições de safra é necessário a obtenção de linhagens. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar 111 linhagens de mamona, obtidas da População FCA Planta Baixa selecionadas para porte baixo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no município de São Manuel - SP na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, no Campus de Botucatu - UNESP. Estas linhagens foram avaliadas entre os meses de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2004 utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com área útil da parcela de 3,0 m2, espaçamento entre linhas 0,60 m e 0,50 m entre plantas. As 111 linhagens foram divididas em quatro experimentos: 30 linhagens em três experimentos com quatro repetições e 21 linhagens em um experimento com duas repetições. Após o completo desenvolvimento das plantas, avaliou-se a altura de 10 plantas por parcela (m) desde a superfície do solo até o ápice do racemo mais alto, bem como foram tomados dados de peso dos grãos em kg.ha -1, corrigidos por covariância para estande ideal de 10 plantas por parcela e teor de água de 10%. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância. Os quadrados médios não foram significativos a 5% de probabilidade para a característica altura de plantas, indicando que não houve variação genética para este parâmetro. Os quadrados médios das análises de variância para a característica produtividade de grãos foram significativos, indicando existir variabilidade para a característica em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Para a característica altura de plantas, a média das linhagens e amplitude de variação entre os quatro experimentos foi de 1,20 m com amplitude de 0,33 a 1,68 m ou plantas anãs a baixas... / For the generation of commercial hybrids with short height seeking to automated harvest in crop conditions, it's necessary the obtaining of lineages. The present work had as objective to evaluate 111 castor bean lineages, obtained from FCA short height plant population selected for low size. The work was developed in São Manuel municipal district, São Paulo State, in the Experimental Farm belonging to University of Agronomic Sciences, Botucatu Campus - UNESP. These lineages were appraised between October, 2003 and September, 2004, by using randomized complete blocks experimental design, with plot useful area of 3,0 m2, spacing between lines of 0,60 m and 0,50 m between plants. The 111 lineages were divided into four experiments: 30 lineages in three experiments with four replications and 21 lineages in one experiment with two replications. After plants complete development, the height of ten of them was evaluated, in each plot (m), from the soil surface to the apex of the highest bunch, as well as data of grain weight were taken, in kg ha-1, corrected by covariance for ideal stand of 10 plants per plot and water content of 10%. The obtained data were submitted to variance analysis. Medium squares were not significant to 5% of probability for the characteristic plant height, indicating that there was not genetic variation for this parameter. The medium squares from the variance analyses for the characteristic grains yield were significant, indicating the existence of genetic variability for this characteristic with 5% of probability. For the characteristic plant height, the average of the lineages and variation width among the four experiments was about 1,20 m with range from 0,33 to 1,68 m or dwarfish to short plants... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interest in recent years. Among them, graphene and the semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered as promising candidates for future device applications due to their unique atomic thickness and outstanding properties. The study on graphene and TMDs has demonstrated great potential to further push the scaling of devices into the sub-10 nanometer regime and enable endless opportunities of novel device architectures for the next generation. In this thesis, crucial challenges facing 2D materials are investigated from material synthesis to electronic applications. A comprehensive review of the direct synthesis of graphene on arbitrary substrates with an emphasis on the metal-catalyst-free synthesis is given, followed by a detailed study of the contact engineering in TMDs with a focus on the strategies to lower the contact resistance. Effective approaches have been demonstrated to solve these issues. These include: (1) metal-catalyst-free synthesis of graphene on various insulating substrates; (2) Fermi level pinning observed in TMDs and integration of graphene contact to lower the contact resistance; and (3) application of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contact in TMD field-effect transistors (FETs). First, a direct low-temperature synthesis of graphene on insulators without any metal catalysts has been realized. The effects of carbon sources, NH3/H2 concentrations, and insulating substrates on the material synthesis have been systematically investigated. Graphene transistors based on the as-grown material have been fabricated to study the electronic properties, which can further confirm the nitrogen-doped graphene has been synthesized from the electrical characterizations. Then electronic devices focusing on the semiconducting TMDs has been studied. The Fermi level pinning has been observed and studied in WS2 FETs with four metal materials. A novel method of using graphene as an insertion layer between the metal and TMDs has been proven to effectively reduce the contact resistance. Owing to the benefit of tuning the graphene work function via the electric field, the contact resistance can further be reduced. Finally, the effectiveness of MIS contacts in WS2 FETs has been demonstrated. A thickness dependence research has been conducted to find the optimal thickness of the inserted insulator. Moreover, the possible physical mechanism of how this MIS contact reduces the contact resistance in 2D materials has been discussed.

Introduction: The hyperdivergent facial form is typically characterized by a long lower anterior facial height (LAFH), steep mandibular plane angle, and skeletal open bite. The purpose of our study was to further explore morphologic variation within long LAFH subjects using geometric morphometric methods. Methods: Cephalograms of 147 individuals (n= 147; 87 female, 60 male; age range: 16-68 years) with LAFH to total anterior facial height (TAFH), ratio (LAFH/TAFH), at or above 57.4% were studied. Cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis captured phenotypic variation and identified homogenous groups. Results: Cluster analysis resulted in three discrete long LAFH phenotypes that varied along vertical and anteroposterior dimensions. Conclusions: We found significant morphologic variation within the sample population of long LAFH individuals. Three phenotypes with varied vertical and anteroposterior discrepancies were revealed through the cluster analysis. Within our sample, we found both convergent and divergent facial patterns with concomitant cranial base rotation and posterior ramal border displacement. Vertical variation was largely independent of anteroposterior discrepancies.

Enhanced understanding of forest stocks and dynamics can be gained through improved forest measurement, which is required to assist with sustainable forest management decisions, meet Australian and international reporting needs, and improve research efforts to better respond to a changing climate. Integrated sampling schemes that utilise a multi-scale approach, with a range of data sourced from both field and remote sensing, have been identified as a way to generate the required forest information. Given the multi-scale approach proposed by these schemes, it is important to understand how scale potentially affects the interpretation and reporting of forest from a range of data. ¶ To provide improved forest assessment at a range of scales, this research has developed a strategy for facilitating tree and stand level retrieval of structural attributes within an integrated multi-scale analysis framework. The research investigated the use of fine-scale (~1m) airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data (1,125 ha in central Queensland, and 60,000 ha in NE Victoria) to calibrate other remotely sensed data at the two study sites. The strategy refines forest structure mapping through three-dimensional (3D) modelling combined with empirical relationships, allowing improved estimation of maximum and predominant height, as well as foliage and crown cover at multiple scales. Tree stems (including those in the sub-canopy) were located using a height scaled crown openness index (HSCOI), which integrated the 3D density of canopy elements within the vertical profile into a two-dimensional spatial layer. The HSCOI modelling also facilitated the reconstruction of the 3D distribution of foliage and branches (of varying size and orientation) within the forest volume. ¶ Comparisons between forests at the Queensland and NE Victorian study sites indicated that accurate and consistent retrieval of cover and height metrics could be achieved at multiple scales, with the algorithms applicable for semi-automated use in other forests with similar structure. This information has facilitated interpretation and evaluation of Landsat imagery and ICESat satellite laser data for forest height and canopy cover retrieval. The development of a forest cover translation matrix allows a range of data and metrics to be compared at the plot scale, and has initiated the development of continuous transfer functions between the metrics and datasets. These data have been used subsequently to support interpretation of SAR data, by providing valuable input to 2D and 3D radar simulation models. Scale effects have been identified as being significant enough to influence national forest class reporting in more heterogeneous forests, thus allowing the most appropriate use and integration of remote sensed data at a range of scales. An empirically based forest minimum mapping area of 1 ha for reporting is suggested. The research has concluded that LiDAR can provide calibration information just as detailed and possibly more accurately than field measurements for many required forest attributes. Therefore the use of LiDAR data offers a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between accurate field plot structural information and stand to landscape scale sampling, to provide enhanced forest assessment in Australia.

This thesis examines the effect on height determination of the antenna phase centre variation of GPS user segment antennae. A discussion of the various antenna types in common use is followed by an explanation of the problem at hand. In particular the effect of the antenna's environment on the phase centre variation is covered more fully, since the phase variation phenomenon itself is largely unexplained in the engineering community to date. A number of examples of the heighting errors caused by this phenomenon are presented, followed by specifically designed experiments, which quantify the effect. Finally the phase centre variation itself is modelled for a particular GPS antenna in common use by surveyors in Australia. The overall conclusion, arrived at by demonstration, is that the antenna phase centre offsets and the variation model are very important for high accuracy determinations of height.

<p>During the last years commercial Wind Power Turbines (WPT) has become larger regardingto the generator sizes and hub heights. Available hub heights around 100 meters is nowcommon, which has led to profitability for WPT located in forests where there normally are tolow wind speeds. The current knowledgement regarding turbulence and the variation in thewind profile for the outcome of the power production for the WPT in forests is limited.In this Master of Science thesis an investigation concerning forest located wind power plantshas been made. The purpose has been to investigate if plants located in forest perform lesscompared to wind power turbines located at more common locations.The analyses are based on statically material for determining the availability,production/generator size, production/hub height, production/swept area and how thetopography affect the production results.The analyses show that the variation in production result for WPT located in forest comparedto turbines located at other locations is small. The availability is high and the productionresults are good.</p>

A new oceanic climatology to calculate ocean heat content (OHC) was developed for application year-round in the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Systematically Merged Atlantic Regional Temperature and Salinity (SMARTS) Climatology blends temperature and salinity fields from the World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA) and Generalized Digital Environmental Model v.3.0 (GDEM) at 1/4° resolution. This higher resolution climatology better resolves features in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), including the Loop Current and eddy structures, than the previous coarser 1/2° products. Daily mean isotherm depths of the 20° C (D20) and 26° C (D26) (and their mean ratio), reduced gravity (e.g., 2-layer model), mixed layer depth (MLD), and OHC were estimated from the blended climatology. Using SMARTS with satellite-derived surface height anomaly and SST fields, daily values of D20, D26, MLD, and OHC were calculated from 1998 to 2010 using a two-layer model approach. Airborne and ship-deployed eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBT), long-term moorings, and Argo profiling floats provided the in-situ data to blend and assess the SMARTS Climatology. A clear, direct relationship emerged from the detailed analysis between satellite-derived and in-situ measurements of isotherm depths and OHC. This new climatological approach created a more accurate estimation of isotherm depths and OHC from satellite radar altimetry measurements, which can be used in hurricane intensity forecasts from the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS). The Mainelli (2000) technique of calculating OHC was reexamined to most accurately project sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) into changes in depths of D20, D26, and MLD. SSHA surface features were tracked to determine realistic drift velocities ingested into the objective analysis algorithm. The former OHC algorithm assumed a climatological MLD, however observations show large temporal variability of MLD. Using a SSHA-dependent MLD for the OHC estimation improves the two-layer model by 5%. Upper ocean thermal structure estimations improved by 25% using the SMARTS Climatology as compared to that of Mainelli (2000).

The recommended procedures for implementing COTMAN; a cotton management expert system; suggest frequent crop scouting at numerous locations for each field. Machine based height sensors coupled with the ability to spatially record height values make it possible to locate regions of a field that are height representative of the entire field. A machine based height measurement system called HMAP was used to assess plant height in various fields in the 2003 growing season while the same fields were monitored with COTMAN. The plant height data was used to determine an optimal COTMAN sampling scheme for each field consisting of significantly fewer sampling locations than recommended by COTMAN. It was possible to ascertain equivalent information from COTMAN using two sites selected from height data in place of six sites selected per COTMAN recommendations. The HMAP system was extended to monitor rate of growth in real time in addition to plant height by comparing historical plant height data recorded on previous field passes to current height values. The rate of growth capable HMAP system will make it possible to track cotton growth and development with an automated system.

Abstract Aim: The aim was to evaluate height measurements made with the single view metrology method and to investigate the influence of standing position and different phases of gait and running on vertical height. Method: Ten healthy men were recorded simultaneously by a 2D web camera and a 3D motion analysis system. They performed six trials, three standing and three during gait and running. The vertical height was measured with the single view metrology method and in Qualisys Track Manager. The results were compared for evaluation. The vertical height in the different postures was compared to the actual height. Results: The measurements made with the single view metrology method were significantly higher than the measurements made with Qualisys Track Manager (p&lt;0.001). The vertical height in the two standing positions was significantly lower than the actual height (p&lt;0.05). The vertical height in midstance was significantly lower than actual height in the walking trials (p&lt;0.05). No significant difference was found between maximum vertical height and actual height during running (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The single view metrology method measured vertical heights with a mean error of +2.30 cm. Posture influence vertical body height. Midstance in walking is the position where vertical height corresponds best with actual height, in running it is the non-support phase.

This study looks at how professional male athletes—particularly undersized athletes—are represented throughout televised sport. Based on the assumption that televised sport is a gendered and predominantly masculine genre, the focus of this analysis is to demonstrate whether or not professional male athletes are evaluated differently based on physical stature, and whether or not such representations reinforce a dominant—mythic—male ideology. Grounded mainly in Gramscian hegemony and Peircean semiotics, the subsequent analysis compares broadcast commentary and visuals taken from the 2010 men’s Olympic ice hockey tournament and the 2010 men’s FIFA World Cup. In both events, it was generally found that taller athletes were praised more positively than smaller athletes. These findings appear to support common sports-related stereotypes, such as, the apparent media-reinforced expectation that professional male athletes be almost inhuman, mythical representations of ordinary men, i.e., the best athletes should be large, intimidating, aggressive, and hyper-masculine symbols.