Matthew’s Jewish audience was looking for continuity in the newly revealed kingdom.Thus, Matthew needed to connect faith in Jesus to the covenant ideal that was the foundation of their heritage. However, the Matthean community was blended to include formative, common, and Hellenized Jews along with non-Jewish believers. Within this context, Matthew used the concept of plēróō to connect this varied audience to the Jewish heritage. An examination of Matthew’s use of plēróō determines that it reveals the Christological characteristics that endorse Jesus’ divine initiative of proclaiming the coming reign of heaven within the hermeneutics of covenant. After the introduction to the aim, objectives, and methodology, chapter two evaluated the cultural influences on the form and structure of Matthew’s Gospel, demonstrating how this may have motivated his use of plēróō to support the Jewish heritage of covenant, Christology, and kingdom. This study contends that the concept and historical background of Greek drama is the most suitable structure for Matthew to relate the story of Jesus. The Matthean community would be familiar with this literary form and its capacity to depict the drama of Jesus’ life. Chapter three sets the story of Jesus in the dramatic context of his contemporary, Jewish culture. The drama builds on conflict, with many characters taking part in the story. The most prominent is the conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees that demonstrates Matthew’s intent that Jesus is the only logical choice to satisfy (fulfil) the requirements of righteousness, law, and prophecy. Prior to the investigation of the plēróō statements, chapter four examines the foundation of the cultic background for the Matthean milieu through the study of the prophets to whom Matthew referred in his plēróō statements. The final chapter is an exegesis of the plēróō statements, dividing them into contextual and prophetic perspectives. The former are statements regarding righteousness and law (Matthew 3:15 and 5:17-20, respectively) in which Matthew speaks to Jesus’ ontological essence set in the events of his baptism and the Sermon on the Mount. The latter reveals the key prophetic fulfilment passages (2:17, 8:17, 12:17, 13:35, 21:14), supporting the Matthean them of Jesus, son of David, son of Abraham. This study concludes that Matthew structured his Gospel like a Greek drama in order to attract both Jew and Gentile to Jesus, who is God’s anointed for both groups. Matthew uses the plēróō statements to confirm Jesus’ ontological nature, which was important to his Hellenized audience, and to confirm Jesus as the fulfilment of the Jewish (messianic) hope of Israel. This bonded both elements of the Matthean community to the nature and purpose of Jesus. / Thesis (PhD (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Matthew’s Jewish audience was looking for continuity in the newly revealed kingdom.Thus, Matthew needed to connect faith in Jesus to the covenant ideal that was the foundation of their heritage. However, the Matthean community was blended to include formative, common, and Hellenized Jews along with non-Jewish believers. Within this context, Matthew used the concept of plēróō to connect this varied audience to the Jewish heritage. An examination of Matthew’s use of plēróō determines that it reveals the Christological characteristics that endorse Jesus’ divine initiative of proclaiming the coming reign of heaven within the hermeneutics of covenant. After the introduction to the aim, objectives, and methodology, chapter two evaluated the cultural influences on the form and structure of Matthew’s Gospel, demonstrating how this may have motivated his use of plēróō to support the Jewish heritage of covenant, Christology, and kingdom. This study contends that the concept and historical background of Greek drama is the most suitable structure for Matthew to relate the story of Jesus. The Matthean community would be familiar with this literary form and its capacity to depict the drama of Jesus’ life. Chapter three sets the story of Jesus in the dramatic context of his contemporary, Jewish culture. The drama builds on conflict, with many characters taking part in the story. The most prominent is the conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees that demonstrates Matthew’s intent that Jesus is the only logical choice to satisfy (fulfil) the requirements of righteousness, law, and prophecy. Prior to the investigation of the plēróō statements, chapter four examines the foundation of the cultic background for the Matthean milieu through the study of the prophets to whom Matthew referred in his plēróō statements. The final chapter is an exegesis of the plēróō statements, dividing them into contextual and prophetic perspectives. The former are statements regarding righteousness and law (Matthew 3:15 and 5:17-20, respectively) in which Matthew speaks to Jesus’ ontological essence set in the events of his baptism and the Sermon on the Mount. The latter reveals the key prophetic fulfilment passages (2:17, 8:17, 12:17, 13:35, 21:14), supporting the Matthean them of Jesus, son of David, son of Abraham. This study concludes that Matthew structured his Gospel like a Greek drama in order to attract both Jew and Gentile to Jesus, who is God’s anointed for both groups. Matthew uses the plēróō statements to confirm Jesus’ ontological nature, which was important to his Hellenized audience, and to confirm Jesus as the fulfilment of the Jewish (messianic) hope of Israel. This bonded both elements of the Matthean community to the nature and purpose of Jesus. / Thesis (PhD (New Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The study of the Hellenistic period has produced a historical construction of the various relationships that formed between the Greco-Macedonian settlers and the natives they came into contact with. Hellenic kings established kingdoms as far as modern day Pakistan, Afghanistan and India, bringing them into contact with the Persian and Indian natives. The study herein is focused on the relationship that formed between the Greco-Macedonian descendants and the Buddhist group that emerged out of India. Numismatic evidence shows that Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek kings held political control over regions bordering the Hindu Kush; furthermore, the Indo-Greek coins indicate a relationship between their kings and the Buddhists. Artistic representations found in various cities, such as Ai-Khanoum, illuminate on the cultural blending that occurred as Greek themes began to be represented through local techniques and material. Ancient literature and archeological remains provide further proof of interaction and help to give an identity to key Greek and Indian monarchs. With regard to Buddhism, these monarchs played an important role in the growth of the religion as, alongside artistic expression, the religion had prospered since its beginnings through the aid of royal patronage. In the Greek kingdoms the Buddhists found new mediums of artistic expression and kings that supported their monastic and lay lives; in turn the Greeks saw a pacifist religious group that attracted merchants and wealth. The relationship was mutually beneficial and numismatic evidence from the Indo-Greeks shows that their kings showed favoritism towards the Buddhists. The conclusion herein is that the Greeks provided the structural foundations for the growth of Buddhism who in turn attracted wealth and provided a medium for cooperation between the Greek monarchs and parts of the native population.

À une époque marquée par les interventions et les conquêtes romaines dans la Grèce égéenne, ainsi que par la décision du Sénat romain, en 167, de placer Délos sous le contrôle d’Athènes et d’en faire un port exempté de taxes douanières, les individus originaires de la péninsule italienne furent de plus en plus nombreux à s’installer ou à séjourner temporairement sur cette île qui, devenue fortement cosmopolite, joua un rôle de relais économique entre l’Italie et la Méditerranée orientale.À partir d’une documentation abondante et variée de nature essentiellement épigraphique et archéologique sont successivement abordés trois thèmes : les lieux de résidence et les modes de vie domestique des Italiens et de leur entourage familial et clientélaire, leur participation aux activités du gymnase et aux concours organisés sur l’île, et leurs pratiques religieuses. Les causes, la nature, la portée et les enjeux (parfois sociaux, économiques et/ou politiques) de chaque pratique font l’objet d’interprétations qui permettent de mieux comprendre, dans toute sa complexité, l’importante hellénisation de ces Italiens qui se sont quelquefois distingués par des usages romains.L’étude s’achève par une mise en perspective du cas délien afin de déterminer ce qui en fait à la fois un exemple représentatif des pratiques culturelles des Italiens dans la Grèce égéenne et un cas particulier. C’est l’intensité de phénomènes d’intégration multiples auxquels prenaient pleinement part les Italiens, dans le contexte de rapports de pouvoir favorables à Rome et à tous ceux qui se réclamaient de cette cité, qui paraît avoir constitué une singularité de la vie culturelle délienne. / The 2nd and 1st centuries BC were marked by Roman interventions and conquests in the Aegean Greece, and by the decision of the Roman Senate, in 167, to place Delos under the control of Athens and to make it a port exempt from customs tax. As a result, individuals who came from the Italian peninsula were more and more numerous to settle or reside temporarily on the island which became highly cosmopolitan and played a part as an economic bridge between Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.Based on a wide range of varied documents which are mainly epigraphic and archaeological, the study deals with three themes : the places of residence and the domestic daily life of Italians, their family circle and their clients, their participation in the gymnasium activities and in competitions organized on the island, and their religious practices. This dissertation tries to interpret the causes, the nature and the significance of each of these practices. It also analyses their social, economic and/or political dimensions in order to better understand the complexity of the advanced hellenization of those Italians who sometimes distinguished themselves by using Roman customs.The study concludes with a larger perspective in order to determine what makes Delos both a representative example of the Italians’ cultural practices in the Aegean Greece, and a special case. Ultimately, the distinctive feature of cultural life in Delos seems to have been the wide range of integration patterns in which Italians fully took part. This phenomenon took place in the context of a balance of power that was favourable to Rome and to all those who identified with this city.

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The end of the Second World War found the city of Thessaloniki devastated by the loss of nearly its total Jewish population in the concentration camps of the Third Reich. A few survivals return to their city just to realize that their fortunes have been confiscated either by the local authorities or by their Christian neighbors. Some Jews decide to leave their former homeland and some others take the decision to remain and start their life from scratch. For the following decades, the Jewish history of the city is being carefully and on purpose hidden and the collective memory erases the traces of Jews. In this part of the story, the Jews by themselves kept a low public profile and remained silent, struggling to survive and rebuild their fortunes. It was in 2013, when a heterogeneous group of people decided to launch the Memory Walk “Never Again” for the 50.000 Jews of Thessaloniki who lost their lives in the Shoa (Holocaust). The Memory walk had to deal with the barriers of the strong nationalistic profile of the city and of its local population. However, the Memory walk came to be established as an institution which exists and grows until today. The current paper examines how local digital media approached the first Memory walk taking into consideration the Jewish history, the stereotypes regarding Jews, the antisemitism and the strong nationalist and deeply religious profile of the city. The first part describes the Jewish presence in Thessaloniki under the Ottoman Empire, the consequences of the Hellenization of the city in 1912, the national identity formation process and the mobilizing role of the Orthodox Church in the political and cultural homogenization. In the second part, digital media articles related to the first Memory Walk are being analyzed according to the CDA (critical discourse analysis) and a critical reflection on how media approached the Memory walk is finally presented. The analysis results will be finalized with the conclusions which derive from in person interviews with key stakeholders of the Memory Walk.

Petra Janouchová - Hellenisation of Ancient Thrace based on epigraphical evidence Abstract: More than 4600 inscriptions in the Greek language come from Thrace, the area located in the Southeastern Balkan Peninsula. These inscriptions provide socio-demographic data, allowing the study of changing behavioural patterns in reaction to cross-cultural inter- actions. Traditionally, one of the essential indications of the influence of the Greek culture on the population of ancient Thrace was the practice of commissioning inscriptions in the Greek language. By using quantitative and systematic analysis, the inscriptions can be studied from a new perspective that places them into broader regional context. I use this methodology to assess the concept of Hellenization as one of the possible interpretative frameworks for the study of ancient society. Using a spatiotemporal analysis of inscrip- tions, this research shows that epigraphic production cannot be solely linked with the cultural and political influence of Greek speaking communities. However, the phenome- non of epigraphic production is closely connected to the growth of social complexity and consequent changes in the behavioural patterns of the population. The growth in social complexity is followed by an increase of epigraphic production of public and private...

L'objet de l'étude est l'évolution de la composition et de la répartition géographique de la population de la Macédoine grecque de l'année 1913 (fixation de frontières actuelles) à nos jours. Les principales populations étudiées sont les populations grecque, musulmane, bulgare, population macédonienne orthodoxe de langue slave, juive, valaque, albanaise (selon les acceptions courantes qui seront définies). Cette évolution sur un siècle se décompose en cinq périodes, chacune étant liée à un ou plusieurs événements qui ont provoqué des migrations. Les causes, la modification de la composition des populations, les problèmes en découlant ainsi que des cartes et des statistiques sont présentées. Une synthèse permet de tirer des conclusions sur l'évolution de la population de la Macédoine et les problèmes associés à l'intégration des différentes minorités. / The object of my research is the evolution and repartition of the composition of the population of the Greek Macedonia of the year 1913 (fixing of the today’s borders) to our days. The main populations studied are: Greek, Muslim, Bulgarian, Orthodox Macedonian population of Slavic language, Jewish, Vlachs, Albanians (according to definitions that will be explained). This evolution over a century is divided into five periods, each relating to one or more events provocating migrations. The causes, the modification of the composition of the populations, the problems while resulting as well as mappings (cartographies) and statistics are presented. A synthesis allows us to draw from conclusions on the evolution of the population of Macedonia and the problems associated with the integration of various minorities.

La cité de Séleucie-sur-le-Tigre fut fondée au 4e siècle avant J.-C. par Séleucos Ier, prétendant à la succession de l’empire d’Alexandre le Grand. La taille des ilôts créés lors de cette fondation est inégalée dans le monde hellénistique et témoigne de l’ambition manifestée par le nouveau dynaste. La cité prospéra pendant plusieurs siècles et acquit le statut de résidence royale et de centre administratif. Elle fut cependant conquise par les Arsacides, dynastie rivale, en 129 avant J.-C. Bien que le développement de Séleucie n’en ait pas été immédiatement affecté, la ville se mit à décliner à partir du 2e siècle et disparut vers 200. Pour expliquer ce retournement de situation, la critique moderne a insisté sur la culture des souverains la dominant. Dirigée par les Séleucides, ses fondateurs macédoniens, Séleucie aurait prospéré. Conquise par les Arsacides iraniens, elle aurait été traitée avec défiance et persécutée par ces derniers jusqu’à son effondrement. Cette idée repose notamment sur la mention du caractère grec de la cité par certains auteurs antiques et sur l’influence de ceux-ci sur les analyses des premiers archéologues à avoir fouillé le site. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les rapports entre la cité et ses souverains tout au long de son histoire afin d’évaluer la part que cette rivalité culturelle supposée y joua. Elle repose sur la comparaison entre la tradition littéraire, essentielle pour établir un canevas chronologique mais orientée par des intérêts politiques, et les découvertes archéologiques des expéditions menées entre 1927 et 1989 à Séleucie. Celles-ci ont mis au jour de nombreux monuments et objets (monnaies, statuettes, sceaux) permettant de nuancer l’idée que la population de la cité ait été au départ ou ait conservé à travers les siècles un caractère grec qui lui aurait valu l’inimitié des Arsacides. D’autres facteurs expliquant le déclin et l’abandon de la ville, comme le déplacement du fleuve ou l’évolution du contexte géopolitique, sont donc proposés. / The city of Seleucia on the Tigris was founded in the 4th century BCE by Seleucos I, one of Alexander’s empire’s Successors. According to the size of it’s original dwelling-blocks, it was designed from the start to be a large and important city. It flourished for some time and became an administrative center and royal residence. In 129 BCE, it was conquered by the Arsacids, a rival dynasty. Seleucia’s development continued unbroken, but the city eventually declined and disappeared around 200 CE. To explain this change, historians underlined the importance of the perceived culture of its old and new sovereigns. Ruled by the Macedonian Seleucids, the city prospered. Under the Iranian Arsacids’ hostile administration, it was ill-treated until it got abandoned. Such analyses have been based on some passages of ancient texts insisting on the Greek character of Seleucia and its inhabitants. Those also influenced the interpretation of the results of the first archaeological digs conducted on the site. This thesis comes back on the relations between the city and both its Seleucid and Arsacid kings in order to evaluate the importance of this supposed cultural rivalry in the development of Seleucia. It compares the written tradition, essential but biased by political imperatives, and the buildings, coins, seals and figurines discovered by American, German and Italian archaeologists between 1927 and 1989. Our results suggest that the city and its population were of a mixed cultural backround and that its supposed Greek character did not play much of a role in its decline. We therefore suggest that other factors explain the disappearance of Seleucia, such as the Tigris changing bed and an evolution in the geopolitical situation of the Near East around 200.