Teacher preparation institutions have begun to challenge the sufficiency of the "Three R's" approach to education. Many concepts once thought to be on the periphery of education and learning are being considered. One such concept, the impact of "helpful relationships" on learning has most recently moved to the foreground in the research and theoretical literature. If, as this literature is indicating, the quality of the student-teacher relationship is critical to learning, teacher education programs ought to be focusing on that relationship. If such a focus is taken, students in teacher education ought to be able with increasing precision to identify a "helpful" teacher. To be able to identify what a helpful person is or does allows a frame of reference from which to evaluate one's self, one's impact, one's effectiveness. Such an individual can consciously choose to be helpful and can recognize the times when he is or is not behaving in a helpful manner.The purpose of this investigation was to determine what happens to a student's ability to identify a helping relationship as he progresses through the program of Elementary teacher education at Ball State University.The subjects were Elementary Education majors at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana during the 1971-1972 academic year. A sample of 45 subjects was randomly selected from each of the following groups: freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. The instruments utilized to ascertain a helpful relationship were the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and a specifically designed semantic differential instrument. The resultant data were analyzed using the one way analysis of variance technique comparing the means of the four classes. The .05 level of significance was established for rejection of the null hypothesis.An analysis of the data indicated that there was no significant differences between the four classes in their ability to identify a helping relationship.Some clear trends were in evidence, however, and were discussed. Recommendations for further study pertaining to the identification of a helping relationship were made.

Thesis (B.A. Hons. 1977) from the Department of Psycology, University of Adelaide.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Nursing. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2008. / "A dissertation in nursing." Advisor: Patricia J. Kelly. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Sept. 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-114). Online version of the print edition.

M.A. (Psychology) / The present study represents an attempt to develop a metatheory with regard to counseling theory and practice. The metatheory is based upon principles abstracted from the General Systems Theory, whereby it is possible to encompass all levels of client functioning in the explanation of behavior and the application of helping strategies. The present state of theory in counseling was taken as the point of departure. Counseling theory is shown to be hindered by a state of seperateness and fragmentation. It is also shown that there currently exists a tendency towards the integration of different theories and the helping strategies involved. Eclecticism is studied as a way of integrating different counseling strategies. It is shown that although applicable as a method of integration, eclecticism is theoretically unsatisfactory because of its subjective and unsystematic character. Other methods of integration and its implications to the development of a meta theory in counseling is then discussed. The General Systems Theory is then discussed in terms of its value to the development of a metatheory in counseling. It is shown that by differentiating between the complex systems representing an individual's functioning, and the cybernetic feedback cycles involved in these systems, valuable guidelines for the implementation of helping strategies can be obtained. Two cybernetic feedback cycles that ought to be closely moni- . tored during the counseling process is mentioned. They are (a) the interactions amongst biological and physiological factors, thinking, feeling and acting, and (b) the feedback patterns in the larger social systems of which the client forms part, for example family and career functioning...

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Wong Sing-Leung, Philip. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-62). / Abstract and questionnare in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.4-5 / Introduction --- p.6-15 / The pilot interviews --- p.16-21 / The survey / Chapter ´Ø --- Method --- p.22 -29 / Chapter ´Ø --- Results --- p.50 -35 / Chapter ´Ø --- Discussion --- p.36 -53 / References --- p.54 -61 / Tables and Figures --- p.63 -87 / Appendices --- p.88-117

Acting altruistically is one of humanity’s most praised, yet most puzzling behaviours. The aim of the present research is to examine the possibility that increased prosocial intentions can result from attempts to compensate for threats to perceptions of order. Previous research has found that people compensate order threats by increasing perceptions of control in external sources (Kay et al, 2008). Several competing theories on the origins of prosocial behaviour exist, such as the debate between Daniel Batson, advocating altruism, and Robert Cialdini, advocating an egoistic explanation. However, thus far no research has been published concerning the possibility of prosocial intentions acting as a compensatory mechanism to restore a sense of order in the world. In Study 1 perceptions of order were manipulated through writing about a time when participants did or did not have control over a positive outcome, followed by measurements of intentions to donate blood at an upcoming blood drive. In Study 2 participants read of a fake Harvard conference suggesting that the world was random. Participants then had an opportunity to restore control or did not have this opportunity, followed by a measurement of intentions to help solve problems in the world. Results of these studies support the hypothesis that intentions to act prosocially increase following threats to perceptions of order and control. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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This study examined the relationship between helping (organizational citizenship behaviours) and workplace safety. It is the second study in a sequence, building on an initial study by Burt and Williams (2012). The aims of the current study are three-fold. Firstly, further evidence was sought to support the argument put forth by Burt and Williams (2012) suggesting that there are situations in which helping behaviours can lead to an increase in safety risk. Additionally, based on findings from Burt and Williams (2012), the following two situations were investigated: I) why do helpers often not tell the target of help that help has been given; and, II) in the instance where help inadvertently leads to a safety risk increase for the target, why does the target fail to communicate this risk increase back to the helper. The personality traits of humility and agreeableness were hypothesised to positively relate to the first and second situations, respectively. The sample consisted of 79 participants across a variety of high risk occupations. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire, containing measures of job risk, negative outcomes of helping behaviours, humility, agreeableness, single item measures to assess situation I and II, and subsequent measures to further investigate these two situations. The results showed clear evidence that helping can be associated with safety risks. Both of the personality-based hypotheses failed to reach significance. However, the results suggest that helpers often fail to tell the target of help that help has been given, through a lack of understanding regarding the importance of communicating one’s helping behaviours, and a lack of time or opportunity. Additionally, results suggest that the instance where help inadvertently leads to an increased safety risk for the target (but the target fails to inform the helper of this risk increase), occurs through the target wanting to protect the helper’s confidence, and not wishing to be seen as ungrateful. The results provide valuable information to significantly add to the limited literature regarding helping behaviours and occupational safety. The findings from this study potentially allow organizations to decrease the negative safety outcomes of such behaviours. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.