Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

This qualitative study explores instrumental aid as social support in family crises. Focus group interviews were conducted with six groups of women to explore their thoughts and feelings about giving and receiving instrumental aid. Women gave many examples of instrumental aid, stating it was important, but only helpful if it met a recognized need. Mutual definition of need appears to be negotiated informally within group or family memberships, as well as more formally using society's manners and customs. Individual and community resources were mentioned frequently. Affirmation of one's perceptions of an event also contributes to definition of a need. Social support is an interactive process; several women gave examples of a "state of shock" following a death and other circumstances that left a person unable to acknowledge aid.

<p><!-- @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --></p><p>Early studies of what motivates volunteering often have had an older sample and youth organizations have not been studied. A survey was used to study motives for volunteering in Swedish youth organizations. The importance of age and years of volunteering was studied. In the analysis 102 persons in age between 17 and 59 years participated. The participants ranked the motives as followed: knowledge, development, values, social, career and protection. The result of a serie of analysis of variance showed that the younger named career and development as a motive significant higher than the older. A significant interaction showed that youth who had volunteered for a longer time valued social motivation higher than youth who had volunteered for a shorter time, while it was the other way around for the older participants.</p> / <p><!-- @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --></p><p>Tidigare studier som undersökt motivation till ideellt arbete har ofta utgått ifrån en äldre population och ungdomsorganisationer har inte undersökts. Denna enkätstudie undersökte motivation till ideellt arbete i svenska ungdomsorganisationer. Betydelsen av ålder och antal år i ideellt arbete undersöktes. I analyserna ingick 102 personer i åldrarna 17-59. Deltagarna rangordnade motiven som följande: Kunskap, utveckling, värderingar, social, karriär och skydd. Resultatet av en serie variansanalyser visade att yngre angav karriär och utveckling som motiv i signifikant högre grad än äldre. En signifikant interaktion visade att yngre som jobbat ideellt en längre tid skattade social motivation högre än yngre som jobbat kort tid medan förhållandet för äldre var omvänt.</p>

<!-- @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> Early studies of what motivates volunteering often have had an older sample and youth organizations have not been studied. A survey was used to study motives for volunteering in Swedish youth organizations. The importance of age and years of volunteering was studied. In the analysis 102 persons in age between 17 and 59 years participated. The participants ranked the motives as followed: knowledge, development, values, social, career and protection. The result of a serie of analysis of variance showed that the younger named career and development as a motive significant higher than the older. A significant interaction showed that youth who had volunteered for a longer time valued social motivation higher than youth who had volunteered for a shorter time, while it was the other way around for the older participants. / <!-- @page { size: 21cm 29.7cm; margin: 2cm } P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --> Tidigare studier som undersökt motivation till ideellt arbete har ofta utgått ifrån en äldre population och ungdomsorganisationer har inte undersökts. Denna enkätstudie undersökte motivation till ideellt arbete i svenska ungdomsorganisationer. Betydelsen av ålder och antal år i ideellt arbete undersöktes. I analyserna ingick 102 personer i åldrarna 17-59. Deltagarna rangordnade motiven som följande: Kunskap, utveckling, värderingar, social, karriär och skydd. Resultatet av en serie variansanalyser visade att yngre angav karriär och utveckling som motiv i signifikant högre grad än äldre. En signifikant interaktion visade att yngre som jobbat ideellt en längre tid skattade social motivation högre än yngre som jobbat kort tid medan förhållandet för äldre var omvänt.

Coyne's theory of depression has failed to adequately explain the interpersonal process between depressives and nondepressives that lead to the depressive's rejection and a negative mood induction in the nondepressive. The present study was designed to examine whether the attribution process as outlined by Weiner mediates this interpersonal process. In addition, the attributional model of helping behavior was tested. Male and female subjects viewed a videotape of either a normal, depressed or schizotypal personality type who had either been fired from her job for being constantly tardy or permanently laid-off when her plant was closed and sold. Subjects then answered several questionnaires to assess level of rejection; induced mood; the locus of causality, stability, and controllability of the employee's job loss; and other perceptions of the employee. Depressives were rejected more than normals, but not more than schizotypals and there was some mood induction related to personality type. Subjects had consistent perceptions of Weiner's three dimensions and path analysis supported Weiner's theory that helping behavior is based on perceived level of controllability as mediated by sympathy. Finally, there were some significant sex difference indicating that females may be more critical of other females than are males and that males and that females have different prototypes ofdepression and schizotypal personality disorder. The results as a whole suggest some evidence for a general view of depressives which is different from other pathologic personality types and from normals. / Department of Psychological Science

Caring is a universal need of all humans and is central to the practice of nursing (Watson, 1979). Considerable research has been conducted in the study of caring behavior and caring. However, there has been little nursing research which focuses on the meaning of care as perceived by the patient. The purpose of this study was to further determine the patient's perceptions of caring behaviors of nurses by using Watson's (1979) theory of carative nursing.Watson's theory identified ten carative factors which served as the basis for the caring behavior's assessment instrument's (CBA) seven subscales. The instrument was administered to a convenience sample of 100 adults, 59% female, 40% male over 21 years of age hospitalized during 1997-1998 on the progressive care unit of a large Midwest hospital.Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational statistics as well as MANOVA. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for each subscale ranged from 0.88 to 0.98. Principle components factor analysis revealed seven factors which accounted for 71% of the variance in the data and provided support for construct validity of the instrument.Finding showed that critical care patients perceived caring behaviors of nurses in a critical care setting as having much importance on all seven subscales of the CBA. Overall, they perceived technical professional, helping/ trusting subscale and teaching/learning subscale as having much importance. There were no significant differences found on behaviors based on age, sex, education, length of hospital stay and number of hospital admissions.There were no significant differences between those who were married and not married. Married patients perceived as less caring behavior on humanism helping/trusting and teaching subscales.A major conclusion was that patients in the critical care setting overall perceived all behaviors of nurses in a critical care setting as identified in the CBA's seven subscales of the instrument as having the most importance. The behaviors identified as having the most important were technical-professional including giving shots and taking care of equipment (monitor). / School of Nursing

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 1985. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115).

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.