Memoire (M.Ed.)--Universite du Quebec, 1994. / Memoire presente à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en éducation. Résumé disponible sur Internet. CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (D. Min.)--New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary, 2006. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes final project proposal. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-178, 69-72).

La prévention des risques psychosociaux et la promotion de la qualité de vie au travail a suscité un fort intérêt ces dernières années. Cependant, les mécanismes psychologiques qui expliquent ces liens ne sont pas encore suffisamment affirmés. Afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes en jeu, notre travail de recherche s’est centré sur la justice organisationnelle dans une perspective théorique et appliquée. Notre objectif principal a été d’apporter une contribution efficace aux connaissances sur les liens entre le management juste et les états affectifs, l’engagement, le burnout et d’autres variables en lien étroit avec le bien-être et les attitudes positives au travail. Concrètement, nous avons souhaité apporter des preuves empiriques pour une application du management juste à la prévention du burnout au travail. Notre travail a consisté à mettre à l’épreuve un modèle relationnel au moyen de 4 études. D’abord, deux études corrélationnelles ont été menées, l’une sur le climat de justice et l’autre sur des événements spécifiques de justice. Les résultats de ces deux premières études montrent que les perceptions de justice sont bien associées au burnout et à l’engagement au travail par la médiation des affects positifs et négatifs. Ensuite, deux études expérimentales ont été menées afin de vérifier les relations de cause à effet entre les perceptions de justice et les états affectifs. L’une des études a porté sur des scénarios comme vecteur des perceptions de justice et la dernière étude a été menée dans des organisations via des formations aux encadrants d’équipe afin de valider les résultats en contexte naturel et faire naître une réflexion sur l’application des formations au management juste. Les liens mis en évidence par ces études ont permis de développer une meilleure compréhension des effets de justice dans le vécu émotionnel, cognitif et comportemental sur le plan de la recherche mais aussi d’affiner les réflexions sur la prévention de la santé au travail. / The prevention of psychosocial risks and promoting the quality of working life has attracted great interest in recent years. However, the psychological mechanisms behind these links are not yet sufficiently affirmed. To better understand the mechanisms involved, our research has focused on organizational justice in a theoretical and applied perspective. Our main goal was to make an effective contribution to knowledge about the links between the right management and affective states, commitment, burnout and other variables closely with the well-being and positive work attitudes. Specifically, we wanted to bring empirical evidence to a fair application of management in the prevention of burnout at work. Our job was to test a relational model with 4 studies. First, two correlational studies have been conducted, one on climate justice and the other on specific events of justice. The results of these early studies show that perceptions of justice are associated with burnout and commitment to work through the mediation of positive and negative affect. Then, two experimental studies were conducted to verify the relationship of cause and effect between perceptions of justice and affective states. One of the studies focused on scenarios as vector perceptions of justice and the last study was conducted in organizations through training to team supervisors to validate the results in natural context and give birth to a reflection on the Application training at the right management. The links highlighted by these studies were used to develop a better understanding of the effects of justice in the emotional experience, cognitive and behavioral in terms of research but also to refine the reflections on the prevention of occupational health.

Missing from extant social support literature is a measure of what support providers say to other individuals with problems. To address this void, a two-stage study focused on the messages of potential support providers and how recipients perceived those messages as Helpful, Comforting, and Appropriate. Responses elicited from subjects (n=587) in Stage I were coded according to content (emotional, cognitive, emotional/cognitive) and given to Stage 2 subjects (n=433) for assessment. The results indicate that supporters and recipients react discriminately according to relationship, problem type, and sex. The Measure of Supportive Communication developed in this study demonstrated better than adequate reliability.

M.Cur. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The central aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative exploration of the prosocial inclinations possessed by young South African students. The literature review argues that traditional approaches to moral responding separate the individual from the social. An alternative approach that reinstates language and ideology is delineated. It is argued that such a paradigm is most appropriate to a study of prosocial responding during a period of social change. Hypothetical moral dilemmas were administered to twenty-nine students. Six students were selected and each was interviewed on two separate occasions. In this way six case studies were developed. The methodological traditions of phenomenology and hermeneutics were employed to analyze the protocols and subsequent interviews. Seven themes descriptive of a moral response were identified. These consisted of moral reasoning, empathy, mood, guilt, alienation, a sense of group-identity, and ambiguity regarding the relative interests of self versus other. These themes are fully discussed in terms of the literature. It is concluded that moral reasoning may be insufficient to motivate prosocial behaviour. Conventional moral narratives may be appropriated in order to make sense of conflicting emotions. Empathy was identified as a necessary but not sufficient condition for a prosocial response. Empathy might translate into either sympathy or personal distress. Mood was found to largely dictate attentional focus. Alienation was found to be a defensive formulation that inhibits the emergence of sympathy. Guilt might precipitate an alienated posture. It was found that guilt might be attributed to group-identity and thereby denied. Tension between a self- and other-oriented response, or between blame and sympathy, was common. It is suggested that this ambiguity reflects ideological contradictions that have been internalized. It is postulated that during periods of social change such contradictions are accentuated.

Because racism remains a significant issue in society, and many victims of racism do not speak up for themselves when faced with racism, it is important to explore how witnesses to racist events may react and intervene upon observing racism toward others. Thus, the current study explored how participants (bystanders) reacted verbally to racist comments made by a confederate during a partner activity, as well as how participants discussed their reactions in post-interviews. Forty college students participated in the study, and three of the participants verbally intervened upon hearing the racist statements. Ajzen's theory of planned behavior was utilized as a framework, and examination of the results indicated that components of the theory as well as social constructions of racism and appropriateness of intervention behaviors affect intervention outcomes. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future research are included.

No description available.

Widows were assessed on four measures relating to recovery from bereavement: postformal thinking (measured as dialectical thinking), recovery from grief (measured as past feelings and present feelings), well-being (measured by three subscales: autonomy, environmental mastery, and positive relations with others), and age at time of participation. Eighty participants completed and returned questionnaires. It was hypothesized that age of the participant and the development of postformal thinking would predict higher scores on recovery from grief and well-being. Analysis was performed using a Structural Equation Model with a comparative fit index (CFI) of .98. Results showed that age and postformal thinking did not predict recovery from grief or higher well-being scores. In addition no correlation was found between later age and postformal thinking, although there was a correlation between scores on recovery from grief and scores on well-being.

This study explored the meaning of social support networks among a self-selected sample (N=31) of migrant Puerto Rican women. Following a combined quantitative and qualitative research design, four areas were investigated: 1. How did the women define their social support networks? 2. How and to what extent were relationships maintained with the support networks left behind in Puerto Rico, (PRSSN)? 3. How were new networks established in Boston, (BSSN)? 4. What impact separation from PRSSN had on stress? Related areas of inquiry were stressed and specific demographic factors were considered. These included, age range of 20 to 40 years; living in Boston for three years or less, and the presence of children. Data was collected, with a demographic instrument designed for this research, based on Hollingshead Four Factor In- dex of Social Status (1975). Instruments to gather data included: Pearson's Personal Support System Survey (P3S, 1979), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Spanish translation (1975), and an open-ended questionnaire developed by this researcher to elicit descriptive information about the participants relationship with their PRSSN and BSSN. The definition of social support network was conceptualized by the migrant Puerto Rican women as people that provide help and encouragement, characterized by reliable relationships based on trust, and reciprocity. Distinctions between emotional and functional support were less clear due to overlap between reported forms of support. The self-selected sample yielded unexpected data uncharacteristic of those reported in the literature. These women had a high level of education, 46.4% had college or graduate degree, and 39% had high school diploma or some years of college. These women were young, 55% were 20 to 29 years old and their family size was small, 65% had 2 or less children. Clinically this group appears to be self-confident, assertive, initiators of change for themselves and their families, and capable of admitting their needs and looking for help through appropriate sources of support. The pursuit of help in no way should be interpreted as a weakness or inability to cope. On the contrary, this group showed unexpected inner resources and self confidence. These findings inform the literature on women's development, corroborating research by Gilligan (1977, 1982) and Miller (1976) about women's connectedness, and its relationship to growth. Further, they provide cultural-specific meaning to the characteristics and functions of support networks. They may also describe an emerging population of Puerto Rican migrant women. Implications for Counseling Psychology indicate educational approaches for interveining on behalf of migrant Puerto Rican women, i.e. providing language proficiency and other information needed to effectively deal with the dominant culture. These data, also recommend working from a strength versus deficit perspective.