Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät I--Zürich--Universität, 1991. Titre de soutenance : "Der fromme Mensch zwischen Bild und Wort : ein Weg. Grundlagenuntersuchung zur emblematischen Verknüpfung von Bild und Wort in den "Pia desideria" des Herman Hugo (1588-1629). / Contient des extraits en latin, avec trad. allemande, de "Pia desideria"

Diss.--Universität Zürich, 1990. / Bibliogr. p. 281-343.

Texte remanié de: Habili.-schr.--Fachbereich Historisch-philologische Wissenschaften--Göttingen--Georg-August-Universität, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 299-312. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Heidelberg, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 383-411. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Rechtswissenschaft--Frankfurt am Main, 1977-1978. / Bibliogr. p. 449-474.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Philosophische Facultät--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tubingen, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 335-357. Notes bibliogr. Index.

Zugl.: Darmstadt, Techn. Hochsch., Diss.

Orientador: Andres Romulo Raggio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T23:43:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JairoJoseda_M.pdf: 3551122 bytes, checksum: 49aedbde1b7393495809a50f371923c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Doutor em Filosofia

Den Mittelpunkt des folgenden Diskurses bildet ein Projekt des Neukantianers Hermann Cohen (1842-1918), das dieser unter dem Titel „Das Prinzip der Infinitesimal-Methode und seine Geschichte“ 1883 präsentiert hat. Sein Vorhaben, die Fruchtbarkeit der infinitesimalen Größe in der Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften auch für die Philosophie, vor allem die Kantische Transzendentalphilosophie, nutzbar zu machen, erwies sich zu damaliger Zeit als wenig populär. Infolge von Schwierigkeiten mit der Interpretation seiner komplizierten Schrift und heftiger Kritik führender Mathematiker blieb sein Werk weitgehend unbeachtet. Anhand eines Blickes auf den Gang der Wissenschaft der Infinitesimal-Mathematik soll diese Kritik im Folgenden entkräftet und neu bewertet werden. Es zeigt sich hierbei, dass, anders als zu Lebzeiten Cohens, heute gezielt versucht wird, die infinitesimale Größe in die mathematische Lehre zu integrieren – auch wenn dies mit erheblichen, vor allem philosophischen Schwierigkeiten verbunden ist. Hierbei soll auch das wieder erstarkte Interesse an den Infinitesimalien in der Nonstandard-Analysis als Anreiz dienen, die Philosophie Cohens am heutigen Forschungsdiskurs teilhaben zu lassen. In jüngerer Zeit spielt zudem auch in der Smooth Infinitesimal Analysis die Position des Intuitionismus wieder eine Rolle, welche der um Hermann Cohen und Paul Natorp entstandenen „Marburger Schule“ nahesteht. Auf den folgenden Seiten soll anhand Cohens „Logik der reinen Erkenntnis“ (1902) eine Lesart für eine „Infinitesimal-Logik“ Cohens präsentiert werden, die die Gedanken Cohens zur Infinitesimal-Methode in ein philosophisches System eingliedert. Wie schon in Cohens "`Prinzip der Infinitesimal-Methode und seine Geschichte"' soll es auch hier als "`unmittelbar nützlich"' erscheinen, "`zugleich mit der Durchführung eines systematisch entscheidenden Gedankens seine geschichtliche Entwicklung zu verfolgen."' [Cohen 1883, Vorwort] Dieser Rückblick auf die bewegte Historie des Infinitesimal-Begriffs soll grob die Entwicklungen hin zur Schaffenszeit Cohens umreißen und sodann als Prüfstein für dessen Ideen gelten. / This study focuses on a project of the neo-Kantian Philosopher Hermann Cohen (1842-1918), entitled “Das Prinzip der Infinitesimal-Methode und seine Geschichte,” which was presented in 1883. In this work, Cohen attempted to make the fruitfulness of the infinisimal magnitude in mathematics and natural science beneficial to philosophy as well, especially to Kantian transcendental philosophy. This project has proved unpopular in contemporary philosophy; difficulties in interpreting his complex writing and harsh criticism by prestigious mathematicians have resulted in his work remaining largely unnoticed. This study provides a refutation and reappraisal of this criticism in the light of subsequent historical developments in [the pedagogy of] infinitesimal analysis. Nowadays, in contrast to Cohen’s lifetime, the infinitesimal magnitude is being reintegrated into mathematical teaching – even where it is associated with significant (especially philosophical) difficulties. In addition, the renewed intensity of interest in infinitesimals in Nonstandard Analysis should be a stimulus for reintegrating Cohen‘s philosophy into contemporary research. Recently, moreover, intuitionism, which was closely affiliated with the “Marburger Schule” established by Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp, has once again come to play a role in Smooth Infinitesimal Analysis. Following Cohen‘s “Logik der reinen Erkenntnis” (1902), this study presents an interpretation of Cohen‘s “Infinitesimal-Logik” by incorporating Cohen’s thoughts about the infinitesimal method into a philosophical system. In the spirit of Cohen’s remarks in his “Prinzip der Infinitesimal-Methode und seine Geschichte,” it should be “immediately useful. . .simultaneously to apply a systematically decisive idea and to follow its historical development” [Cohen 1883, Foreword]. A review of the colorful history of the infinitesimal traces this development up to the point of Cohen’s productive period; from that point on it is used as a performance test for his ideas.

Demian has the characteristics of a Bildungsroman and an allegory, and may be put into either classification. However, rather than squeeze the work into some literary mould and end up with an “ugly duckling,” one can look upon Demian as the 40-year-old Hesse’s world view presented in literary form, which in fact is the development of a life-formula, “amor fati.” Demian then becomes a “beautiful swan.” The thesis is constructed in three main sections, looking at Demian from different perspectives: Demian as a Bildungsroman: Demian as an allegory; Demian as a life-formula. The work contains the qualifications of a Bildungsroman in so far as it deals with someones leaving the carefree and innocent world of childhood, experiencing years of wandering, trial and error, and finally entering into a paradise-state of existence because of knowledge he has gleaned from life. In Demian these standards of a Bildungsroman are generally fulfilled. The hero goes through these three stages, however, in a period of only about ten years, rather than the normal life-span of a person. That the work is also limited in both plot and action helps to account for its being not an excellent model of a Bildungsroman. Demian abounds in allegoric characteristics. Frau Eva, Pistorius, Demian and even Knauer all fulfill the common role of being a guide to Sinclair, who is himself the personification of a searching soul. Franz Kromer and Alfonse Beck, on the other hand, personify the tempter. The two worlds, the mark of Cain and Abraxas are symbolic elements in Hesse’s philosophy and are not to be read only literally That Demian can be viewed both as Bildungsroman and allegory is supported from findings in the secondary literature. What is not brought into focus through these sources, however, is the fact that Demian consists of many passages which present a philosophical view toward life. This view becomes clearer after studying Hesse’s other works together with Demian – especially those written shortly before and after its publication, because it is mainly this period of the author’s life which illuminates the subject of the thesis. After examining the ways in which Hesse repeatedly uses abstractions such as fate, self, soul and will, one begins to discern a pattern which can be traced to his philosophy of life. That philosophy is very amply expressed by the life-formula phrase of Nietzsche—“amor fati.”