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Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 29 novembre 2023) / Ce mémoire porte sur la pensée de l'écrivain allemand Hermann Hesse et s'intéresse au thème du sens de l'existence humaine. L'objectif principal du mémoire consiste à appuyer l'hypothèse selon laquelle le sens de l'existence humaine, pour Hermann Hesse, se trouve dans la recherche d'harmonisation de soi. Pour ce faire, nous avons privilégié l'analyse philosophique d'œuvres littéraires, plus précisément l'analyse des romans Narcisse et Goldmund et Le Jeu des perles de verre de Hesse. La pensée de l'écrivain s'éclaire lorsqu'on prend en considération trois idées fondamentales qu'il aborde dans les essais Sur l'idée d'unité et Un peu de théologie : le développement de l'âme, la fluctuation des pôles opposés et l'unité au-delà des oppositions. L'examen de ces trois idées permet de poser un cadre théorique et conceptuel pour analyser les romans sélectionnés. L'étude de ces deux romans permet de constater que la vie des personnages qui nous intéressent particulièrement, en l'occurrence Goldmund et Joseph Valet, acquiert un sens lorsque ceux-ci recherchent l'harmonisation d'eux-mêmes. Cette harmonisation se caractérise par une volonté de rapprocher les pôles « Geist » (raison ou esprit) et « Natur » (nature) - inhérents à l'être humain. Bien qu'il y ait un rapprochement de ces pôles à la fin des romans, leur essence rend impossible une parfaite harmonisation. Nous soutenons que cet échec nécessaire éclaire la pensée de Hesse et sa conception de l'existence humaine en indiquant que le sens de l'existence se trouve dans la recherche d'harmonisation de nos tendances opposées - plutôt que dans leur harmonisation effective. / This dissertation focuses on the thought of the German writer Hermann Hesse and explores the theme of the meaning of human existence. The main objective of this study is to support the hypothesis that, according to Hermann Hesse, the meaning of human existence is found in the search for self-harmonization. To achieve this objective, we have favored the philosophical analysis of literary works, more specifically the analysis of Hermann Hesse's novels Narcissus and Goldmund and The Glass Beads Game. The writer's thought becomes clearer when we take into consideration three fundamental ideas which he addresses in the essays On the Idea of Unity and A Bit of Theology: the development of the soul, the fluctuation of opposite poles and the unity beyond oppositions. The examination of these three ideas allows us to establish a theoretical and conceptual framework for analyzing the selected novels. By studying the two novels, we see that the lives of the characters who are of particular interest to us, namely Goldmund and Joseph Valet, acquire meaning when they seek harmonization of themselves. This harmonization is characterized by a desire to bring together the poles "Geist" (reason or mind) and "Natur" (nature) - inherent to the human being. Although there is a convergence of these poles at the end of the novels, their essence makes perfect harmonization impossible. We argue that this necessary failure sheds light on Hesse's thought and his conception of human existence by indicating that the meaning of existence is found in seeking the harmonization of our opposing tendencies - rather than in their effective harmonization.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University , 1928.

As mudanças ocorridas na sociedade e nos padrões de comportamento das últimas décadas, impulsionadas pelo crescimento econômico, globalização e urbanização contribuíram para a atual epidemia de obesidade, considerada hoje um problema de saúde pública e fator de risco para inúmeras doenças. Por ser uma doença multifatorial, seu tratamento é complexo e envolve a necessidade de mudanças nos hábitos e comportamentos alimentares, bem como do estilo de vida, devendo ser desenvolvido por uma equipe interdisciplinar. O Balão de Ar é um dos tratamentos disponíveis dentro do modelo médico, em especial, o Balão da BioFlex. Contudo, a adesão ao tratamento para a obesidade por parte dos pacientes é considerada baixa. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar traços e características da estrutura e da dinâmica da personalidade de pacientes obesos e verificar a relação entre os resultados obtidos e a adesão ao tratamento. A amostra foi composta por 19 participantes, sendo 15 mulheres e quatro homens, independentemente dos níveis socioeconômico e educacional. Os participantes foram encaminhados pela equipe médica responsável e pelos próprios pacientes que já estavam em tratamento. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach e as observações clínicas das avaliações psicodiagnósticas e dos encontros psicoeducativos grupais mensais. Os pacientes foram divididos em três subgrupos: aqueles com perda maior de 10% do peso inicial (Grupo A), os com perda menor de 10% (Grupo B) e aqueles com ganho de peso (Grupo C). A avaliação psicológica ocorreu no hospital em que o tratamento e a própria pesquisa foram realizadas e no consultório da psicóloga pesquisadora, conforme a disponibilidade de horários dos pacientes. O acompanhamento em grupo ocorreu exclusivamente no próprio hospital, em local adequado para sua realização e autorizado pelo médico responsável pela pesquisa. Verificou-se que os pacientes do Grupo A apresentam flexibilidade cognitiva e possuem recursos psíquicos para lidar com as demandas, no entanto estão vivenciando algum grau de estresse subjetivamente sentido, o que dificulta a mobilização adequada e suficiente desses recursos, contribuindo para a diminuição da tolerância à frustração e o aumento da impulsividade. Observa-se, ainda, a presença de traços narcisistas de personalidade e o uso da intelectualização como principal mecanismo defensivo. Os pacientes do Grupo B possuem poucos recursos psíquicos, maior rigidez cognitiva, apresentam dificuldades em identificar as necessidades básicas internas primárias e secundárias e lançam mão da fantasia como principal defesa psíquica. Tanto os pacientes do grupo A como os do Grupo B delegam aos outros as responsabilidades pelas suas escolhas, possuem uma postura mais passiva e menos assertiva nos relacionamentos interpessoais, bem como imaturidade emocional, além de dificuldades em estabelecer vínculos significativos e nos processos de simbolização. Já aqueles pacientes do Grupo C são imaturos emocionalmente e apresentam dificuldades em estabelecer vínculos significativos com os outros e em identificar aquilo que sentem. Conclui-se, com base no que foi observado, que há algumas 9 semelhanças e diferenças no funcionamento psíquico entre aqueles que perderam mais peso daqueles que perderam menos ou ganharam peso, assim como em relação à adesão ao tratamento / The changes in society and in patterns of behavior in recent decades driven by economic growth, globalization and urbanization have contributed to the current epidemic of obesity, which is considered, nowadays, a public health problem and a risk factor for numerous diseases. Because it is a multifactorial disease, its treatment is complex and involves needs for changes in eating habits and behavior as well as lifestyle and should be carried out by an interdisciplinary team. The Air Balloon is one of the treatments available within the medical model, and the BioFlex Balloon is one of them. However, adherence to treatment for obesity by the patients is considered low. This research aims to identify personalitys traces and characteristics of the structure and psychic dynamics of obese patients and to investigate the relationship between the results and the adherence to treatment. The sample consisted of 19 participants, 15 women and four men, regardless of socioeconomic and educational levels. Participants were referred by medical staff in charge and by those patients who were already receiving treatment. The instruments used were the Rorschach Psychodiagnostic and clinical observations of psychodiagnostic evaluations and of psychoeducational monthly group meetings. Patients were divided into three subgroups: those with more than 10% loss of initial weight (Group A), those with less than 10% loss of initial weight (Group B) and those with weight gain (Group C). The psychological evaluation occurred at the hospital where the treatment and the research itself took place and at the researchers office, according to patients availability schedules. The monthly group meetings occurred exclusively in the hospital in an adequate place for its realization and authorizes by the physician responsible for the study. It was found that patients from Group A have cognitive flexibility and psychological resources to cope with the demands imposed on them by internal and external events in their lives, but they are experiencing some level of subjectively felt stress, which hinders the mobilization of adequate and sufficient coping resources, contributing to limited tolerance for frustration and to impulsive actions. There is also the presence of narcissistic personality traces and the use of intellectualization as the main defensive mechanism. Patients from Group B have fewer resources, cognitive inflexibility, difficulties in identifying their primary and secondary basic internal needs and they use fantasy as the main defensive mechanism. Both patients from Group A and from Group B place on others the responsibility for their choices, have more passive and less assertive behavior in interpersonal relationships as well as emotional immaturity and difficulties in symbolization process and in establishing meaningful bonds with others. Patients from Group C are emotionally immature individuals and have difficult establishing meaningful bonds with others and in identifying their feelings. It is concluded, based on what has been observed, that there are some similarities and differences in psychological functioning among those who lost more weight as well as in relation to adherence to treatment

This dissertation examines modes of citations in Hermann Broch's work Die Schuldlosen. Focusing on the topoi of romanticism and myth, I discuss tensions between Hermann Broch's theoretical arguments and his last literary work. These tensions are an expression and formal manifestation of an auctorial attempt to implement his self-declared principles of literature, such as the creation of epistemological value, the depiction of world totality, and the creation of a new form of expression, a new language, and a new myth. In each chapter, I focus on a different topos relevant to Broch's work Die Schuldlosen. With the help of close readings and a genetic analysis of the work, I demonstrate how Broch creates the unreliable citations that serve his goals. The first chapter illuminates the tension between Broch's theoretical works and Die Schuldlosen concerning the topos of romanticism. In a case study on stone imagery, I ask whether Broch's modes of citing romanticism can be considered a productive intermediate step to creating a new form. I show that Broch's citations can be qualified as unreliable citations, and how structural correspondences intensify their effect on the reader’s experience. The chapter ends with a discussion of the political function of Broch's citations. The second chapter deals with Broch's concept of myth and discusses the tension between Broch's declared intention to develop a new myth and his actual use of existing myths in his works. In two case studies, I trace Broch's citations of the Faust myth and the Don Juan myth. I show that one can understand Broch's specific citations of myth as an experiment to explore how the interruption of a recurring cultural cycle would allow for a new form to develop.

Das von Hermann Hesse im Jahre 1920 veroffentlichte Buch Wanderung ist eine Form der Reisedarstellung. Es ist jedoch mehr als die Beschreibung einer Reise. Vielmehr ist Wanderung eine interessante Zusammenstellung von Gedanken, Uberlegungen und Fragen in den unterschiedlichen Kunstformen wie Malerei, Presa und Dichtungen. Das Buch ist ein Ergebnis Hesses personlichen Versuches, einen Teil seines Lebens zu erklaren. Anders gesagt, es ist eine Reise auf dem Weg in das eigene Innere, wo der Mensch mit seinem Dase in um eine Antwort auf die Fragen des Alltags ringt. Weil Hesse selbst ein Mensch mit vielseitigen Interessen ist, kann er auch so viele Menschen mit seinen Werken erreichen. Auf ganz unterschiedlichen Wegen versucht er, seine Gedanken zu verdeutlichen und wei t erzugeben bald ein Bild, bald ein schones Gedicht oder auch ein ProsastUck. Sie sind vielleicht eine Hilfe flir die, die eigene Klarheit suchen; aber sie sind sicher entstanden mit dem Interesse, etwas Uber Hesses eigenen Weg, das eigene Ziel, den Sinn des Lebens fUr sich und fUr andere verstandlich machen zu wollen. Dem KUnstler ist es wichtig, daB sein Werk eine AuBerung seines Ichs darstellt und ist also von seiner Sichtweise und seinen Interessen abhangig. Der Kilnstler welche Form er auch herstellt, mochte ein ganzheitliches Verstandnis fordern oder auch GefUhle wecken. So versucht es Hesse in diesem Werk. Wanderung ist ein Ergebnis von einem Versuch, uns zu zeigen, was er von sich, von seiner Welt, bzw. Umwelt denkt. Filr uns ist also zu fragen, welche Verbindung es zwischen dem Kilnstler, seinen Gedanken und seinen Bildern gibt. Der Leser sollte spilren, was Hesse in seinem Leben wahrnimmt und selbst ins Nachdenken kommen, nach sich selbst zu fragen und seine Platz in der Welt zu finden. Hesses Schilderung ist kein Ersatz filr die eigenen Schritte. Keiner auBer dem einzelnen Menschen kann dessen Wegen aussuchen. Kunst ist das ideale Mittel filr die AuBerung dieser Gedanken. Sie sind individuell formuliert und in der Herstellung eines Kunstwerkes werden viele unterschiedliche Elemente zusammenkommen. Jedes Werk reprasentiert den Kilnstler und die Gedanken, die ihn einpragen. Durch das Werk konnte man einen Tei! des Kilnstlerlebens kennenlernen. Wahrend wir sein Leben anschauen, milssen wir selbst Uberlegungen Uber das eigene Leben machen. Wir sind so konzentriert auf die Dinge, die wir tun, daB wir so oft die Hauptfrage vergessen: Wer sind wir? Erst vor diesem Hintergrund sind die anderen Fragen wichtig und zu beantworten. Es gibt eine sehr groBen Reichtum unterschiedentlichen Seins unter den Menschen, die eine GroBzahl von Moglichkeiten und Fahigkeiten haben. Sie werden, auch in demselben Menschen, jedesmal anders ausgedrilckt. Jeder Mensch ist der Kilnstler seines eigenes Lebens. Er nimmt die vorhandenen Elementen, interpretiert und~ gestaltet sie um. Dabei spilren die anderen, wie er seine Welt sieht, wie er denkt und fUhlt. So ist der ProzeB des kilnstlerischen Schaff ens eine Quelle filr neue Einsichten und Erkenntnise, eine Einladung, weitere Schritte zu versuchen. Seine Werke sind sein Beitrag zu der Welt. Der wandernde Kilnstler ist ein ideal es Sinnbild und eine gute Ausdrucksform fUr die Verkorperung der nicht enden konnenden Suche nach einem bedeutsamen Dasein. Jeder muB das eigene Dasein finden, das Leben gestalten - es gibt keine allgemeinen Rezepte, um in Frieden und Harmonie in und mit der Welt zu leben. So soll mit dieser Arbeit der Versuch unternommen werden, die Verbindung zwischen einzelnen Ausdrucksformen der Kunst und der Bedeutungg der Situation des Menschen und seine Gedanken flir die Gestaltung dieser Ausdrucksformen zu zeigen. Am Beispiel der Wanderung von Hermann Hesse mochte ich deutlich machen, was der Dichter selbst, vor allem aber uns, zu sagen hat.

Thèse de doctorat : ETUDES GERMANIQUES : Metz : 1999. / 1999METZ007L. 191 ref.

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss.

Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2008