High-accuracy density measurement data are required to validate equations of state (EOS) for use in custody transfer of natural gas through pipelines. The AGA8-DC92 EOS, which is the current industry standard has already been validated against a databank of natural gas mixtures with compositions containing up to 0.2 mole percent of the heavier C6+ fraction and is expected to predict densities of natural gas mixtures containing higher mole percentages of the C6+ fraction with the same accuracy. With the advances in exploration, drilling and production, natural gas streams containing higher percentages of the C6+ fraction have become available from the deepwater and ultra-deepwater Gulf of Mexico in recent years. High-accuracy, density data for such natural gas mixtures are required to check if the AGA8-DC92 EOS covers the entire range of pressure, temperature and compositions encountered in custody transfer. A state-of-the-art, high pressure, high temperature, compact single-sinker magnetic suspension densitometer has been used to measure densities of two simulated natural gas mixtures named M91C1 and M94C1 after validating its operation by measuring densities of pure argon, nitrogen and methane in the range (270 to 340) K [(26.33 to152.33) oF, (-3.15 to 66.85) oC] and (3.447 to 34.474) MPa [(500 to 5,000) psia]. Measured densities of M91C1, not containing the C6+ fraction show larger than expected relative deviations from the AGA8-DC92 EOS predictions in regions 1 and 2 but agree well with predictions from the recently developed REFPROP EOS, implyingthat the AGA8-DC92 EOS may be unreliable in its present state even for natural gas mixtures not containing the C6+ fraction. Measured densities of M94C1 containing more than 0.2 mole percent of the C6+ fraction deviate from the AGA8-DC92 EOS predictions by more than the expected values in region 1 which is not surprising but the agreement with AGA8-DC92 EOS predictions in region 2 is misleading which becomes evident when the measured densities are compared to the REFPROP EOS predictions. The measured data can be used to recalibrate the parameters of the AGA8-DC92 EOS or to validate an entirely new EOS.

Research was performed to optimize the high-efficiency jet ejector geometry by varying motive velocities from Mach 0.50 to 3.25, and mass flow ratio from 0.02 to 100.0. The high-efficiency jet ejector was simulated by Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. A conventional finite-volume scheme was utilized to solve two-dimensional transport equations with the standard k-ε turbulence model. In the optimization study of the constant-area jet ejectors, all parameters were expressed in dimensionless terms. The objective of the study was to investigate the optimal length, throat diameter, and optimal nozzle diameter at any operating conditions. Also, the optimum compression ratio and efficiency were calculated. By comparing simulation results to an experiment, CFD modeling has shown high-quality results. The overall deviation was 8.19%, thus confirming the reliability of the modeling results. The results from the optimization study indicate that the jet ejector efficiency improves significantly compared to a conventional jet-ejector design. In cases with a subsonic motive velocity, the efficiency of the jet ejector is greater than 90%. A high compression ratio can be achieved with greater motive velocity and mass flow ratio. The ejector performance between the optimal jet ejectors and conventional jet ejectors provided by Graham Corporation was compared. The results show that substituting a single optimal jet ejector for a single conventional ejector reduces the motive stream consumption by about 10% to 30%, which could decrease operating costs tremendously. Dimensionless group analysis reveals that the research results are valid for any fluid, operating pressure and geometric scale for a given motive-stream Mach number and momentum ratio. The explanation of how to implement the optimization results and selecting the best operating conditions to minimize the motive stream consumption was included at the end of the dissertation.

Ultra-deepwater reservoirs are important unconventional reservoirs that hold the potential to produce billions of barrels of hydrocarbons, but also present major challenges. This type of reservoir is usually high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) and has a relatively high permeability. Hydraulic fracturing high permeability reservoirs are different from the hydraulic fracturing technology used in low permeability formations. The main purpose of hydraulic fracturing in low permeability reservoirs is to create a long, highly conductive path, whereas in high permeability formations hydraulic fracturing is used predominantly to bypass near wellbore formation damage, control sand production and reduce near wellbore pressure drop. Hydraulically fracturing these types of wells requires short fractures packed with high proppant concentrations. In addition, fracturing in high permeability reservoirs aims at achieving enough fracture length to increase productivity, especially when the viscosity of the reservoir fluid is high. In order to pump such a job and ensure long term productivity from the fracture, understanding the behavior of the fracture fluid and proppant is critical. A series of laboratory experiments have been conducted to study conductivity and fracture width with high proppant loading, high temperature and high pressure. Proppant was manually placed in the fracture and fracture fluid was pumped through the pack. Conductivity was measured by pumping oil to simulate reservoir conditions. Proppant performance and fracture fluids, which carry the proppant into the fracture, and their subsequent clean-up during production, were studied. High strength proppant is ideal for deep fracture stimulations and in this study different proppant loadings at different stresses were tested to see the impact of crushing and fracture width reduction on fracture conductivity. The preliminary test results indicated that oil at reservoir conditions improves clean-up of fracture fluid left in the proppant pack compared with using water at ambient temperature. Increasing the proppant concentration in the fracture showed higher conductivity values in some cases even at high closure stress. The increase in effective closure stress with high temperature resulted in a significant loss in conductivity. Additionally, the fracture width decreased with time and increased effective closure stress. Tests were also run to study the effect of cyclic loading which is expected to further decrease conductivity.

Abstract This study, based on the method of questionnaire survey and interview, mainly investigate the attitude towards love among the vocational high school students. In the process, the researcher made reference to correlated documents first, and then inducted the information as the reference of study design. Furthermore, the researcher modified the Love Attitudes Scale by Hendrick & Hendrick (1986) and experienced the pre-tests and formal tests. By the information of statistics and analysis, this study investigated the differences among the vocational high school students in personal factors (grade or sex), personal experiences of falling in love (times of having fallen in love, whether being falling in love or not, or the lasted time of falling in love) and the condition of his/her parents¡¦ relations (very good, good, bad or very bad). Simultaneously, the researcher picked six boys and six girls as interviewers, making the semi-structured interviews according to the outlines of six distinct attitudes for love. This study summed up the connected information which analyzed the love in the mind of the vocational high school students. Through the discussions and analyses, this study came to the following conclusions: 1. The students of first grade in vocational high school, whose attitude towards love tends to ¡§storge¡¨ more. 2. The girls in vocational high school, whose attitude towards love tends to ¡§pragma¡¨ more. 3. The boys in vocational high school, whose attitude towards love tends to ¡§eros¡¨, ¡§ludus¡¨, ¡§storge¡¨, ¡§mania¡¨ and ¡§agape¡¨ more than the girls. 4. Investigating the attitudes towards love in distinct experiences of falling in love among the vocational high students by means of the formal questionnaire, this study got the following points: (1) Those who fell in love once to four times tend towards ¡§eros¡¨ more than those who never fell in love. (2) Those who never fell in love tend towards ¡§ludus¡¨ more than those who fell in love once to four times. (3) Those who never fell in love tend towards ¡§storge¡¨ more than those fell in love once to four times and those more than four times. (4) Those who are falling in love now tend towards ¡§eros¡¨ more than those who are not falling in love now. (5) Those who are not falling in love now tend towards ¡§ludus¡¨ more than those who are falling in love now. (6) Those who are falling in love now tend towards ¡§agape¡¨ more than those who are not falling in love now. (7) Those who fell in love for 6 to 12 months and those for more than one year tend towards ¡§eros¡¨ more than those who fell in love for 1 to 3 months and those who never fell in love. (8) Those who never fell in love tend towards ¡§ludus¡¨ more than those who fell in love for more than one year. (9) There is not evident difference between the attitudes towards love among the vocational high students and the condition of their parents¡¦ relations (very good, good, bad or very bad). 5. This study got the following points from the interview. (1) The definition for love among the vocational high students is that there are feelings between two sides, that they are willing to give to each other without any complaint and regret and that there is the phenomenon of owning him/her by herself/himself. (2) Family is the earliest organization that one steps into the society. It¡¦s an important institution as well. As parents, they are supposed to pay attention to the feeling management so that there are good interactions with their children. As a result, their children can get well along with the opposite sex. (3) The Mr. Right in vocational high students¡¦ hearts is supposed to have both ¡§the outer¡¨ and ¡§the inner¡¨. The former includes the height, the appearance and wearing long hair. The latter includes the emotional conditions (personal quality, talent, character, behave and obedience, ¡Ketc.) and the instrumental conditions (being good at study, sport, specialty and home chores, ¡Ketc.) (4) According to the response for the questions of the formal questionnaire from the interview, most of the questions were able to investigate the inner view points of the interviewers, except for the question 10, 13, and 26 about ¡§ludus¡¨ are completely opposite, and question 2, 5, 21 and 27 about ¡§storge¡¨ and question 7 about ¡§mania¡¨ are not correspondent completely. According to the above conclusions, this study puts forward the proposals that are classified as the fallowing: 1. The suggestions for students. (See this thesis) 2. The suggestions for parents in teaching their children. (See this thesis) 3. The suggestions for educators. (See this thesis) 4. The suggestions for being engaged in research. (See this thesis) 5. The suggestions for the study method. (See this thesis)

The study of Chinese PLA's high technology limited war and intention

In this study, the political socialization process, which includes the family factor, school factor, fellows factor and mass media factor, of the junior high school students were explored and analyzed by using a questionnaire survey. The object of this study is to understand the diverse effects in political study, which includes the basic political view, democratic value and democratic attitude, of students with different social background. Some findings in the study are: ¡]1¡^First of all, parent¡¦s occupation and ethnic group are mostly relevant to student¡¦s character in terms of family political socialization factors (PSF). But the school PSF is more relevant to gender and year of study. Besides that, there is a slightly relevance between the use of media, gender and year of study. The fellows PSF is more connected to gender, year of study, parent¡¦s job and ethnic group. (2) The PSF of gender, year of study, parent¡¦s job and ethnic group, national identity are clearly correlated to national identity, the definition of national territory, the relationship between Taiwan and China, the definition of Chinese in nationality, and the relationship between Taiwanese and Chinese in terms of students¡¦ basic political attitude. However, among them, the gender factor is less relevant than the others. ¡]3¡^In respect to student¡¦s characters with the democratic value, gender factor is relevant to political equality and majority governance; and year of study, parent¡¦s job are relevant to democratic belief, political equality, majority governance, party competition and political trust. There are also some relevance between gender and political participation; year of study and political effects, citizen responsibility and political knowledge while talking about student characters with democratic attitude. However, overall speaking, democratic attitude less relevant to student characters compared with democratic value.

In this thesis, we focus on the light extraction efficiency of LED package. The light extraction efficiency of LED is limited by Fresnel Loss and total internal reflection, which result in the rare amount of luminious flux from LED. In order to improve the light extraction efficiency of high power LED package, we study the design of package structure and the matching refractive index of silicone resins. Instead of using one-layer structure, we use multi-layer structure which can raise the light extraction efficiency and the brightness. In order to destroy the total internal reflection, we change the geometric appearance and the interior structure and furthermore we use the different refractive index of silicone resins to decrease Fresnel Loss. In this work, we use the multi-layer structure whose the refractive indexes of the inner silicone resin and the outer silicone resin are 1.55 and 1.41 respectively. When the geometric appearance is convex, the light extraction efficiency of LED package can reach to 70%. Furthermore, by applying this result on phosphor conversion light emitting diode, we can get high efficiency of white light.

Abstract On September 24, 1999, the first high-resolution commercial nature resource satellite, IKONOS-2, had been successfully launched. This started a new era to the applications of remote sensing. The best resolution of the IKONOS imageries is 0.82m. This imagery provides more detail spatial information than previous satellites. Many high spatial resolution satellites with hyper-spectral imageries will be launched successively by the year of 2002. When the time comes, the application of remotely sensed images in the area of land and sea will certainly be more widespread. Those imageries will be the fundamental data source for digital earth. The main purpose of this paper is to apply the IKONOS multi-spectral satellite imageries to derive the shallow water depth. Two key studies will be included as follows. The first is to discuss the high-resolution characteristics of IKONOS images and its precise geometrically correction. The other is applying the multi-spectral images to calculate water depth by regression with few field-measured bathymetry. It is anticipated that the high-resolution remote sensing technology will be an alternative tool to the shallow water bathymetric surveying. The rugged terrain imageries of CARTERRA Geo level in Taipei County were selected and the bundle adjustment was used for precise images geometrically correction. The positioning accuracy is approximate 1.83m for east-west direction, 1.35m for north-south direction, and 1.6m for elevation. If the orthophoto is been rectified by using bundle adjustment method, the horizontal position accuracy of the check points is about 2.04m. In accordance with these results, using bundle adjustment in the CARTERRA Geo level imagery rectification has proved feasible. In the study of using muti-spectral images to derive the shallow water depth, both simulated data, IKONOS and SPOT satellite images of South Bay in KenTing are used to verify the influence of wave effect in the satellite imageries. By means of the concept of multi-resolution analysis in wavelet theory, the Daubechies D4 coefficients is tried to filter out the wave effect. Significant improvement on the shallow water depth calculation after filtering wave effect is shown in the result. The accuracy of water depth derivation using high resolution is about 30cm for the water depth shallower than 10m. This research proves that derivation of shallow water depth by using high-resolution satellite imagery is feasibility.

A Study of the current status Implementation of Complete High School in Taiwan Abstract The purposes of this study were (1) to explore the origin, development, implementation, and problems of complete high schools in Taiwan, (2) to investigate the viewpoints of administrative staff and teachers about the implementation of complete high schools, (3) to interview the opinions of six experts, chief executives, principles, and those who concern about educational reform. Findings, of this study were concluded as follows: ¢¹. On achievement: 1. Increase capacity of high school students. 2. The Direct Entry will be abolished. ¢º. On curriculum and teaching: 1. The timetable is difficult to effectuate. 2. The welfare of teachers is different. ¢». On discipline and guidance: 1.The workload is heavy. 2.The appointment of prescribed personnel is limited. ¢».On administration: 1. The denomination should be reconsidered. 2. The Act is not completed. 3. The budget should be united. The suggestion were drawn as follows: 1.On policy: the Act, denomination, distribution of complete high schools should be taken into more consideration according to the fact. 2.On curriculum: the timetable and consistency of high schools should be rearranged. 3.On administration, empower and enrich the personnel. 4.The welfare and appointment of prescribed personnel should be united.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of small learning communities (SLCs) and student performance for ninth grade students at Robert E. Lee High School in North East Independent School District (NEISD). For this study, student performance includes achievement on reading and math Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), attendance rates, and number of dropouts. Research included data for years 2002-2003 through 2005-2006 retrieved from the Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS). An extensive review of the literature revealed support for implementation of the SLCs model for high school reform. Recent research indicates that student performance will improve if SLCs are fully implemented and supported using a framework, such as Oxley's five domains for SLCs. The first two questions of this study addressed reading and math TAKS data by ethnic, economically disadvantaged, and special education subpopulations. The third question in this study addressed attendance rates and dropouts. This study found a significant difference in reading TAKS scores for the ethnic subpopulations with the implementation of SLCs. Economically disadvantaged students' and special education students' scores also showed significant gains in reading scale scores over the four years of the study. Data from this study revealed that math TAKS scale scores showed a significant increase in the economically disadvantaged and special education subpopulations after implementation of the SLCs. In addition, significance was found in reducing the achievement gap between special education and regular education students on math TAKS. Attendance rates showed no statistical significance after the implementation of the SLCs. An analysis of dropout rates was not possible due to low dropout numbers. The empirical data would not support meaningful analysis. Further investigation is needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship of SLCs on student performance, especially for African American and Hispanic students in math. Additional factors such as degree of implementation and influence of the administrative leadership needs to be explored.