L'utilisation de sources naturelles illimitées telles que l'énergie solaire, éolienne ou hydraulique est en plein essor. Cependant leurs productions énergétiques sont fortement liées aux conditions climatiques et sont donc intermittentes. Ces systèmes nécessitent donc d'être associés à du stockage d'énergie, afin de lisser la production avant injection sur le réseau. Pour toutes ces raisons, les batteries Li-ion doivent intégrer de nouveaux matériaux d'électrode permettant d'obtenir une grande puissance et une haute densité d'énergie, tout en conservant une durée de vie élevée et une sécurité d'utilisation.Dans ce contexte, notre travail a consisté à préparer des matériaux à hauts potentiels, le LiCoPO4 (LCP) et le LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO). Ces derniers s'inscrivent parfaitement dans le contexte de développement de matériaux à haute densité d'énergie puisqu'ils possèdent des potentiels d'oxydation de 4,8 et 4,7 V vs Li +/Li et des densités d'énergies massiques théoriques de 802 et 691 Wh.kg-1 par rapport au lithium, respectivement.Ces matériaux ont d'abord été synthétisés sous forme de couches minces afin d'obtenir des électrodes modèles pour étudier de manière fondamentale les propriétés de transport des matériaux et ses interactions en présence d'un électrolyte liquide notamment les phénomènes à l'interface électrode/électrolyte. La compréhension des matériaux acquise au cours de ce premier axe a permis de transposer et d'adapter ces techniques de caractérisation aux systèmes plus complexes que sont les électrodes composites.Les propriétés de ces matériaux vis-à-vis de l'insertion et la désinsertion du lithium ont ensuite été testées et caractérisées en cellules électrochimiques. De nombreux paramètres cinétiques et thermodynamiques ont été extrait grâce à plusieurs techniques électrochimiques telles que la titration intermittente (GITT), la spectroscopie d'impédance (PEIS et GEIS), le cyclage galvano-statique et les tests de puissance. Nous proposons d'ailleurs une méthode simple, à partir de ces tests de puissance, pour déterminer le coefficient de diffusion du lithium. Enfin, nous tentons de répondre à plusieurs questions qui demeurent en suspens concernant la cyclabilité et la perte de capacité de ces matériaux à haut potentiel au cours de cyclage long et nous proposons une technique très simple permettant d'améliorer de façon étonnamment efficace la cyclabilité d'électrodes composites de LNMO. / The use of unlimited natural sources such as solar, wind or hydraulic power is booming. However, their energy production is dependant of climatic conditions and is therefore intermittent. These systems are usually associated with energy storage, in order to smooth the production before injection on the network. For all these reasons, Li-ion batteries need to incorporate new electrode materials to achieve high power and high energy density while maintaining a long life and safe use.In this context, our work consisted in preparing high potential materials, LiCoPO4 (LCP) and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO). The latter are perfectly integered in the context of development of materials with high energy density since they have an oxidation potential of 4.8 and 4.7 V vs Li + / Li and theoretical mass energy densities of 802 and 691 Wh.kg-1 over lithium, respectively.These materials were first synthesized in the form of thin thin films to obtain model electrodes to study the kinetics and thermodynamics properties of materials transport and interactions with the presence of a liquid electrolyte including phenomena at the electrode interface / electrolyte. The understanding acquired during this first axis allowed us to transpose and adapt these characterization techniques to more complex systems : composite electrodes.The properties of these materials with respect to lithium insertion and desinsertion have been tested and characterized in electrochemicals cells. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been extracted using several electrochemical techniques such as intermittent titration (GITT), impedance spectroscopy (PEIS and GEIS), galvano-static cycling and power tests. We propose a simple method, based on power tests, to determine the diffusion coefficient of lithium. Finally, we attempt to answer several questions that remain unsolved about the capacity loss of high potential materials during long cycling, and we propose a very simple technique for improving the cycling of composites electrodes of LNMO.

An important trend in HRM is the focus on talent management programs which is becoming a competitive advantage for companies operating in today's globalized world. The thesis introduces the processes and specific instruments of the talent management programs. The main purpose of this thesis was to create a model of talent management and, based on further analysis, test it in practice. The talent management model is derived from the theoretical knowledge and best practices of companies which have implemented talent management systems within the last years. The model introduces talent management as an ongoing process of planning for, attracting, selecting, developing, managing, and evaluating talented employees. The thesis is divided into two main parts: the first covers the definition of the terms, conception, and methodology of talent management; the second (empirical-methodological) is devoted to the main purpose -- talent model creation and testing through qualitative research.

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Background: Seasonal fluctuations in outdoor temperature have been shown to affect blood pressure in adults. We have asked whether or not there is either a seasonal variation or an influence of outdoor temperature on blood pressure measurements in children and adolescents in middle Europe. Methods: Blood pressure was routinely measured in healthy and sick children and adolescents in outpatient clinics and during hospitalisation in a total of 6714 subjects (3,497 boys/3,237 girls), age 3 to 21 years, with a median of 10.6 years. Results: Cross-sectional analysis showed a significant seasonal variation in blood pressure measurements. The mean increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 4.45/2.42 mmHg during winter. A significant correlation between average outdoor temperatures and systolic blood pressure was found (ρ=-0.074 p<0.001). However, the effect was only detectable at an average temperature below 0° C/32° F and above 10° C/50° F. For each degree Celsius increase in average outdoor temperature, the systolic blood pressure fell by 0.12 mmHg. Conclusion: Blood pressure measurements in children and adolescents, even in a temperate climate, are influenced by temperature and seasonal variation. Considering seasonal variations in blood pressure could be of clinical interest.:Inhaltsverzeichnis......................................................................i Widmung .................................................................................. iii Bibliographische Beschreibung ................................................. iv I. Abkürzungen ......................................................................... i 1. Einführung ........................................................................... 1 1.1. Bedeutung von Blutdruckmessungen im Allgemeinen ................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Bedeutung und Durchführung von Blutdruckmessungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Tracking ................................................................................................ 4 1.4. Innere und äußere Einflussfaktoren des Blutdrucks ................................................................................................ 5 1.5. Zweck der Studie ................................................................................................ 7 2. Publikationsmanuskript ................................................................................................ 10 2. 1. Influence of seasonal variation on blood pressure measurements in children, adolescents and young adults ................................................................................................ 10 Abstract .................................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................................ 12 Subjects and methods ................................................................................................ 13 Results .................................................................................... 15 Discussion ................................................................................................ 18 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 21 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 22 References............................................................................... 23 Tables ..................................................................................... 27 Figure legends ................................................................................................ 29 Figures ................................................................................... 30 2.2. Blood pressure tracking in children and adolescents ....... 33 Abstract .................................................................................. 34 Inhaltsverzeichnis Subjects and methods ................................................................................................ 35 Results .................................................................................... 39 Discussion ................................................................................................. 42 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 44 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 45 References................................................................................ 46 Legends to figures .................................................................................................. 53 Figures ...................................................................................... 55 3. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit ................................................................................................... 62 4. Literaturverzeichnis ............................................................... 68 II. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit ........ ii III. Lebenslauf ............................................................................ iii IV. Danksagung .................................................................................................... iv / Background: High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure tracking could help to identify individuals with potential hypertension. Therefore, we have asked whether or not tracking was of predictive value for the development of hypertension in early life. Methods: Blood pressure was routinely measured in 13,261children and adolescents in outpatient clinics as well as during hospitalization. In a sub-analysis 568 individuals with normotensive and elevated blood pressure were compared after three follow-up periods (two, four and six years) and 2,157 normotensive individuals were compared in a paired t-test. Results: The follow-up analysis showed a significant tracking effect. However, the Pearson correlation coefficients of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure SDS decreased over time. Upon the follow-up after six years 35.6% of the children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure values remained in the elevated range group. Of the children within the normotensive blood pressure range 80.4% remained normotensive after six years. Children with normotensive blood pressure showed a stronger tracking than those who had had one hypertensive blood pressure reading. Children with high body weight gain left their SDS track to higher blood pressure values. Conclusion: Blood pressure tracking in children and adolescents is moderate. We conclude that the predictive power of a single hypertensive blood pressure measurement during a single visit is rather small, and thus repetitive measurements across several consecutive visits are necessary.:Inhaltsverzeichnis......................................................................i Widmung .................................................................................. iii Bibliographische Beschreibung ................................................. iv I. Abkürzungen ......................................................................... i 1. Einführung ........................................................................... 1 1.1. Bedeutung von Blutdruckmessungen im Allgemeinen ................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Bedeutung und Durchführung von Blutdruckmessungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Tracking ................................................................................................ 4 1.4. Innere und äußere Einflussfaktoren des Blutdrucks ................................................................................................ 5 1.5. Zweck der Studie ................................................................................................ 7 2. Publikationsmanuskript ................................................................................................ 10 2. 1. Influence of seasonal variation on blood pressure measurements in children, adolescents and young adults ................................................................................................ 10 Abstract .................................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................................ 12 Subjects and methods ................................................................................................ 13 Results .................................................................................... 15 Discussion ................................................................................................ 18 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 21 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 22 References............................................................................... 23 Tables ..................................................................................... 27 Figure legends ................................................................................................ 29 Figures ................................................................................... 30 2.2. Blood pressure tracking in children and adolescents ....... 33 Abstract .................................................................................. 34 Inhaltsverzeichnis Subjects and methods ................................................................................................ 35 Results .................................................................................... 39 Discussion ................................................................................................. 42 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 44 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 45 References................................................................................ 46 Legends to figures .................................................................................................. 53 Figures ...................................................................................... 55 3. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit ................................................................................................... 62 4. Literaturverzeichnis ............................................................... 68 II. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit ........ ii III. Lebenslauf ............................................................................ iii IV. Danksagung .................................................................................................... iv

Les accumulateurs LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 (LNMO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), permettent d’atteindre théoriquement les densités de puissance et d’énergie fournissant une autonomie suffisante aux véhicules électriques. Cependant, deux problèmes majeurs liés à LNMO limitent leurs performances : l’oxydation prononcée des électrolytes à base de carbonates d’alkyles et la dissolution d’ions de métaux de transition (Mn2+, Ni2+). Les formulations à base de carbonate d’éthylène (EC) ont une aptitude à former des films polymères couvrant la matière active. Les cyclages galvanostatiques, faisant suite ou non à un stockage, confirment la supériorité de ces électrolytes, conduisant à des pertes de capacité réduites de l’électrode LNMO. D’autre part, les sulfones sont des composés prometteurs pour une utilisation dans les batteries LNMO/LTO. L’emploi de cellules symétriques et asymétriques démontre que les sulfones sont non-réactives vis-à-vis des interfaces LNMO/électrolyte et LTO/électrolyte. Cependant, cette non-réactivité ne permet pas le dépôt de films polymères qui auraient permis de stopper la dissolution d’ions Mn2+ et Ni2+ à partir de l’électrode positive. Ceci résulte en des performances dégradées à 30°C des accumulateurs par rapport à ceux employant EC dans les électrolytes. / LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 (LNMO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) accumulators should theoretically achieve the power and energy densities that provide sufficient autonomy to electric vehicles. However, two major issues related to the use of LNMO limit their performances: the pronounced oxidation of the alkylcarbonate-based electrolytes and the transition metal ion (Mn2+, Ni2+) dissolution. The ethylene carbonate (EC)-based formulations get an ability to form polymer-covering films onto the active material. The galvanostatic cycling tests, after storage or not, confirm the superiority of these electrolytes, leading to reduced capacity losses of the LNMO electrode. Furthermore, sulfones are promising compounds to be applied to LNMO/LTO batteries. The use of symmetric and asymmetric cells demonstrates that sulfones are non-reactive towards the LNMO/electrolyte and LTO/electrolyte interfaces. However, this non-reactivity does not allow the deposition of polymer films, which would have enabled to stop the Mn2+ and Ni2+ dissolution from the positive electrode. This results in degraded performances of batteries at 30°C compared to those using EC in electrolytes.

「高潛力人力資本」即所謂的「高潛力人才（High potential或Talent）」係指那些具備企業目前與未來所需要的核心職能，並具有卓著績效貢獻者而言。在人才類型而言，他們即屬核心人才（Core Employees），如企業中的關鍵性管理與研發人才。 然而高潛力人才的培育也是有等級性的區分，公司同時要考慮到內部初階、中階及高階的高潛力人力資本的需求。高潛力人才是公司未來高階經理人的種子，相對於企業間對於各等級的經理人彼此挖角的人才競爭方式，越來越多企業意識到自行培育能認同公司理念的高潛力人才之重要性。是故很多企業開始打造自己的高潛力人才─也就是未來經理人的培訓之路，而因此促成了「儲備幹部制度」（Management Associate Program，簡稱MA制度）的誕生。 而近年來台灣企業紛紛起而效之，除了本土金融公司之外，科技公司與零售服務商也一一加入儲備幹部的招募、培訓制度的設計，與未來發展的考量，希望發展出適合所屬產業與自身公司體制之儲備幹部制度。 然而關於台灣本土企業之儲備幹部制度研究量尚有限，是故本研究希望從「高潛力人力資本」在「企業智慧資本」中的定義出發，結合學術理論與業界訪談，探究不同企業在運行儲備幹部制度的動機、邏輯與制度設計，進而透過綜合的分析與探討，歸納出儲備幹部在人力資本的定位與角色，以及儲備幹部發展的內涵與特質，再進而推論出台灣本土企業在運行儲備幹部制度時應有之綜合考量與成功因素。 / The definition of high potential human capital, also regarded as high potentials, refers to the employees who have the core competency and could contribute extinguish performance to the company. They are the core employees in the company, playing an important role in management and development functions. The cultivation of high potentials differentiates into the basic class, intermediate class, and high class, based on the demand of company. Because high potentials are candidates of future chief executive, more and more companies realize the importance to cultivate their own high potentials who identify with company’s philosophy, rather than to hunt the talents from other companies. Based on above reasons, the management associate program (MA program) was applied and well developed in many companies. Recently, not only finance holding companies but also technology and retail service companies, based on their industry features and future development, are working on their own MA program. However, the studies related to MA programs of Taiwanese companies are not abundant. Therefore, this study focused on the definition of high potential human capital and intellectual capital, combining with industry interviews, to discuss the motivation, design, and the operation of MA programs in different companies. This study summarized the position and importance of MA in human capital, discussed the intrinsic characteristics of MA program, and thus concluded the dominant factors to achieve successful MA program that could be applied in Taiwan.

L’objectif principal de cette étude vise à documenter l’expérience scolaire et sociale d’élèves doués du secondaire, regroupés dans un programme « douance » du Québec. Les objectifs spécifiques sont de comprendre le point de vue des élèves en ce qui a trait à leur expérience académique et à leur expérience individuelle au sein de leur classe. Leur point de vue est donc au cœur de la démarche, afin de saisir leurs perceptions scolaires, sociales et individuelles des mesures pédagogiques dont ils bénéficient (regroupement, accélération, enrichissement). Pour ce faire nous nous sommes appuyés sur les modèles théoriques de la douance selon Renzulli et Gagné ainsi que sur les modèles théoriques de l’expérience scolaire selon Dubet et Rochex. Une approche qualitative qui s’appuie sur le récit de vie, l’entrevue semi-dirigée et l’entrevue de groupe a été privilégiée pour réunir et analyser les données issues des 12 participants. Nos résultats suggèrent que le programme douance est globalement apprécié par les élèves, notamment la dimension sociale du parcours scolaire. Les dimensions académiques et individuelles sont plus nuancées, notamment en raison de critiques concernant le manque d’accélération et le manque de différentiation pédagogique. Toutefois, il en résulte une expérience scolaire majoritairement positive pour ces élèves grâce au regroupement pendant l’ensemble de la scolarité du secondaire. Les résultats sont discutés dans la perspective d’offrir des pistes de réflexion pour les milieux scolaires qui souhaitent mieux répondre aux besoins des élèves doués. / The main objective of this study is to document the academic and social experience of gifted secondary school students, grouped together in a "gifted" program in Quebec. The specific objectives are to understand the students' perspective with regard to their academic experience and their individual experience within their class. Their point of view is therefore at the heart of the process, in order to capture their academic, social, and individual perceptions of the educational measures from which they benefit (regrouping, acceleration, enrichment). To do this we relied on theoretical models of giftedness according to Renzulli and Gagné as well as on theoretical models of school experience according to Dubet and Rochex. A qualitative approach that relies on life stories, semi-structured interviews, and group interview was favored to gather and analyze the data from the 12 participants. Our results suggest that the gifted program is generally appreciated by the students, in particular the social dimension of the school pathway. The academic and individual dimensions are more nuanced, in particular, because of criticisms concerning the lack of acceleration and the lack of educational differentiation. However, the result is a predominantly positive school experience for these students thanks to grouping throughout secondary schooling. The results are discussed in order to provide schools some advice and reflections to adequately meet the needs of gifted students.

The dissertation is focused in detail on the topic of Talent Management - talent management in the corporate practice. The aim of the dissertation is to verify that the general trends of the current talent management are applied in the business (corporate) practice. The core of the initial part is the analysis of available resources to the topic of current talent management (vocational studies, outcomes of professional conferences, newspaper articles, publications and statements of respondents). The authentication part is based on a research study in the region of the former district Klatovy. The conclusion is divided into several sub-outcomes - recommendations for the respondents, including proposed timetable for implementation, a summary of the best practices in talent management, a description of talent management specification observed according to the focus and the company size, and also the indication of the possible pitfalls of talent management.