From 1834 to 1836 the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope was in a state of fermentation that was to bring about, in the whole of South Africa, changes which were as great as they were unforescen - The emancipation of slaves and the compensation of their owners. The English Parliament voted for the latter purpose, a sum of 20,000 pounds but unfortunately, that amount proved insufficient to pay the compensation in full, with the result that grave disatisfaction was caused everywhere, espacially in South Africa where the slaves numbered 35,000.

In this discussion of the Ukraino-Polish border problem, we have to take into consideration two distinct aspects of the problem. On the one hand, we have to analyse the problem as a problem of development and growth of the constitution; on the other band, the problem is seen as an aspect of diplomacy. The border problem cannot be separated from the general constitutional questions. The border, in fact, becomes delineated in the process of formation of a state. The border is the limit of claim of sovereignty, and of its effective exercise by a state. Hence, in our discussion of the Ukraino-Polish border problem we will have to trace the development of the corresponding states, and see how their borders, or claims for borders clashed.

In 1875 the Nonconformist churches were numerically the strongest religious group in England and Wales: out of a total population of approximately 20 million, just over 1.5 million were members (as opposed to adherents) of the various Nonconformist denominations. The greater part of their membership came from the middle and upper-labouring classes; the Congregational Church - the largest of the Dissenting groups - had become, on its own admission, an almost exclusively middleclass institution. Of the various sects within the Methodist Church, the Primitive Methodists (150,000 members) and the Welsh Calvinistic Methodists (93,000 members) were most closely in touch with the laboring classes.

The signing of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement by Sir Samuel Hoare on June 18, 1935, after only ten days as foreign Secretary, was really an outcome of negotiations begun by his predecessor. Sir John Simon. Nevertheless, the agreement was sanctioned during the foreign Office of Hoare and therefore must be examined in some detail within the scope of this thesis. The agreement was signed at the conclusion of talks which began in London on June 4, 1935, under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The proposal to hold naval talks in London was first made by Simon during the course of his visit to Berlin, in March of the same year.

It was the fortune of Andrew Melville, no less than of John Knox, to have received sufficient training outside his native land to make a European out of one who might otherwise have been a parochial Scotsman. The intellectual stimuli to which he was exposed in Europe undoubtedly contributed greatly to his later effectiveness as chief exponent of Presbyterian doctrines among his own race. Since such of the importance of Andrew Melville lies in the distinctive role he played as mediator in the struggle between the interests of church and state in Scotland, one can obtain little understanding of his policies without some knowledge of his ecclesiastical and political background. It was Melville’s attachment to specific principles advocated by his forerunners which ultimately found expression in the character of the Scottish Church.

In the nineteenth century, no one denied the value of education as a means: “to develop the mind, to give discipline and to impart the power to think," but for many years the education given to girls was somewhat lacking in these very particulars. It was then considered the duty of every young girl to marry. A working-class girl through economic necessity had her living to earn, and therefore, followed a trade, or entered a factory until she married. A middle-class girl had, however, no “work" as such to do, and spent her early years learning to appear in the drawing room as an accomplished and well-bred lady. Mrs. De Wahl in her book “Hints on Training of Girls at School” published in England in 1847, lists the main subjects learnt by girls.

It is not easy to anyone to write in an impartial manner on any topic involving one's own country. One is quite liable to fall victim to his own prejudices, pre-conceived opinion, likes and dislikes, and, -to use a Marxist concept, to be influenced by one's own social and economic background. This task, however, becomes even more difficult if we consider that the present Hungarian regime and its official organs abroad never are overanxious to publish the truth. Moreover the history of Hungary, and especially the history of the Hungarian Labour movement is, from time-to-time, re-written according to the psychological demands of the current political order. Consequently, it would not be difficult for an effort such as this to fail within a very short time after its conception.

For over four decades Soviet leaders have preached the doctrine of world revolution and the final victory of Communism. The doctrine was brought into new focus with the recent scientific and technological achievements of the Soviet Union, particularly by the acquisition of a thermonuclear capacity in 1953 and a missile advantage in 1957. Since Malenkov' s announcement in 1953 that the Soviet Union had broken the United States’ monopoly of thermonuclear weapons, the major powers have been faced with the threat of nuclear destruction in any future war. Khrushchev, having recognized the implications of war in the nuclear age, has asserted that all states must accept the principle of peaceful coexistence and has challenged the West to a contest of economic strength.

The Roman Empire extending from the pillars of Hercules to the Agean Sea, from the shores of North West Africa and Egypt to those of Spain, Gaul, Italy and Germany had dominated and united the entire basin of the Mediterranean Sea which it called "Mare Nostrum”. It had also evolved around this sea an Empire and a civilization with Mediterranean characteristics. This politico-cultural unity further reinforced by Christianity was preserved through all the civil wars and invasions of the later Empire. Even the barbarian invasion which ended with the sack of Rome by Alaric in 410 A. D., had not altered in its essentials the basic Roman and Mediterranean characteristic of this civilization.

In the Soviet Union the relationship between social and economic conditions on the one hand and Constitutional law on the other is closer than in other states, and of a peculiar nature. The relationship is specifically dictated by Marxist doctrine. The totality of productive social relationships, wrote Marx, constituted the "real basis upon which is built the juridical and political superstructure.” Since it was a basic tenet of the Marxian dialectic that the nexus of substructural, economic relationships underwent periodic change, it followed logically that the juridical superstructure would also change from time to time.